Objective To evaluate the efficacy of calicecotomy combined with trans-renal parenchyma pneumatic lithotripsy for complicated staghorn renal calculi.Methods The severe hydrocalycosis was incised using electrocautery,then pneumatic lithotripsy was performed and the broken stones were taken out.For those patients with stenotic entrance to renal calyces without hydrocalycosis,we stabbed into the stones with the lithotriptic pole(1 mm in diameter) through renal parenchyma and took the broken stones out of the entrance.Results The renal pedicle were not blocked in 19 cases.The operation time was 90-150 minutes,with a mean of 120 minutes.There was no blood transfusion with the blood loss ranging form 100 to 250 ml.The procedures were successful in 17 cases without residual stones after operation;intraoperative residual sand-like calculi were found in 1 case and removed by irrigation and drainage through nephrostomy tube;intraoperative missing calyceal calculi occurred in 1 case and were cleared by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL).A follow-up for 10-60 months(mean,18 months)in 15 patients showed recurrence in 2 ones,and the stones were removed by ESWL.Conclusions Calicecotomy combined with trans-renal parenchyma pneumatic lithotripsy for complicated staghorn renal calculi has the advantages of less blood loss and definite efficacy.

BACKGROUND: The copper-superoxide dismutase (Cu-SOD) can not play an effective role in free radical-scavenging in the process of hypoxia or reaeration because of blood-brain barrier, whether the treating effect can be enhanced by chitosan nanoparticles is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To observe the ability of chitosan nanoparticles loaded the Cu-SOD plasmid on free radical-scavenging in ischemia-reperfusion brain tissue. DESIGN: An observation experiment. MATERIALS: The Cu-SOD plasmid was provided by the Center Laboratory of Tangdu Hospital, Forth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. A total of 36 rats were prepared ischemia-reperfusion models, and randomly divided into the control, physiological saline (PS) plus Cu-SOD plasmid and chitosan nanoparticles loaded the Cu-SOD plasmid groups. METHODS: The chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by cross-linking method. The Cu-SOD plasmid was absorbed to chitosan nanoparticles by electrostaficforces, mixed the 50.0 ?L nanoparticles with 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0, 100.0 ?L SOD plasmid respectively. The electrophoretic analysis was used to examine the combination condition of the chitosan nanoparticles with superoxide dismutase plasmid, and the embedding rate was calculated with ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Chitosan nanoparticles, SOD and Cu-SOD plasmid were infused into the rat after brain ischemia-reperfusion. Further more, to detect the content of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in brain tissues. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The combination condition of the chitosan nanoparticles with superoxide dismutase plasmid, and the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA) and SOD were measured. RESULTS: Chitosan nanoparticles and superoxide dismutase in volume ratio of 50: 75 could harvest the largest embedding rate with 100%, which had good protective effect on DNA. The contents of MDA in brain tissues of the Chitosan nanoparticles loaded the Cu-SOD plasmid group were obvious lower than that of the control (P

Objective To establish and observe the canine model with esophageal stent implantation for further study of the benign stenosis caused by proliferation.Methods According to orthogonal design,different combinations of two stents and six polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patches were confirmed.Stent was designed as cylinder with mushroom shape on both ends.Beagle dogs (weight 10-12 kg) were adopted and cervical segment of esophagus were dissected.After PTFE patch was encircled around the esophagus,stent was delivered under fluoroscopy.The main body of the stent was located in accordance with the patch.Eating condition and position of the stent were followed on week 1,2,4,6 and 8.Gross specimen was harvested at the end point,and the degree of tissue hyperplasia was evaluated.Each animal model was given a mark according to the eating condition and tissue hyperplasia.Results Eight combinations of stent and patch were provided with orthogonal design.Three models failed for the following reasons:unable to eat in one dog,stent disgorged out in another,and the third died from esophageal necrosis between stent and patch.Four models had obvious tissue hyperplasia on the segment of stent,and weight loss or stent dislocation were observed in each model.One model developed appropriate tissue hyperplasia with normal diet,and stent dislocation was not found during the follow-up.Significant difference was confirmed among 8 models (F =14.7000,P =0.031).Conclusion Animal model with appropriate tissue hyperplasia could be established with following elements:beagle dogs weight from 10 kg to 12 kg; stent 50 mm in length,20 mm in diameter,with top mushroom 10 mm in length,30 mm in diameter,and end mushroom 10 mm in length,25 mm in diameter; PTFE patch 60 mm in length,15 mm in width.

Background and purpose:Studies have shown that ribosomal protein L8 (RPL8) is shared by melanomas, gliomas and ovarian carcinomas. A peptide of RPL8 signiifcantly stimulated proliferation and cytokine expression of the hepler T cell clone and lymphocytes in melanoma patients. RPL8 may stimulate anti-tumor immunity, making RPL8 an attractive candidate for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we prepared DC pulsed by RPL8 (RPL8-DC) and investigate the anti-tumor effect of RPL8-DC on melanoma in mice.Methods: The recombinant protein was achieved through IPTG induction in E. coli and identiifed with Western blot. Bone marrow-derived DC was loaded with RPL8 protein. RPL8 and CD11c, CD80, MHC-Ⅰ, MHC-Ⅱmolecules on dentritic cells were monitored by lfuorescence microscope and FACS analysis, respectively. The anti-tumor effect of T cells in vitro was detected by MTT assay. Subcutaneous tumors were induced in C57BL/6 mice using B16 cells. The tumor volumes were measured after injection with RPL8-DC. Results:The puriifed protein was combined with speciifc antibodies. DCs pulsed by RPL8 were visualized under lfuorescent microscopy. CD11c, CD80, MHC-Ⅰ, MHC-Ⅱmolecules on DCs were up-regulated after stimulation with RPL8 and LPS. B16 cells were inhibited by T cells stimulated with RPL8-DC. The inhibition rate of tumor cells was 70%in RPL8-DC group when effector-to-target ratio was 30∶1, which was higher than PBS and DC groups. Inhibition of growth could be observed more signiifcantly in mice after the treatment with RPL8-DC. The mice receiving the therapy of RPL8-DC were able to survive much longer than the mice receiving control therapy. Conclusion:The DC pulsed by RPL8 protein can inhibit the growth of melanoma.

Objective To establish and evaluate the animal model induced by inhalation injury of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2?5). Methods We manufactured equipment for rats aerosol inhalation with PM2?5. The effects of several facters such as concentrations(100 ± 10 μg/m3、150 ± 10 μg/m3、200 ± 10 μg/m3 )、time(1w、2w、4w、8w、12w)、method (non?exposed intratracheal instillation method and aerosol inhalation) and animals (Wistar rats, BN rats and guinea pigs) were investigated to establish the model. The respiratory rate, forced vital capacity ratio of forced expiratory volume ( FEV1/FVC) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen ( PO2 ) were measured, the pathological changes of bronchial and lung tissues under light microscope were observed. The success animal model was builded as the pneumonia was observed from the pathological changes of lung tissue. Results The Wistar rats exposed to PM2?5 aerosol inhalation for 8 weeks, we can see that the weight growth rate of rat decreased, WBC count and mononuclear cells count increased, the macrophages ratio decreased in BALF, the respiratory rate of lung increased while arterial PO2 and FEV1/FVC decreased, inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis changes were observed by bronch and pulmonary pathology, inflammatory changes with a dose?response relationship were observed. Exposed to PM2?5 aerosol inhalation for different time(1 w、2 w、4 w、8 w、12 w)with same dose, the score issue lesions of lung and bronchus in Wistar rats increased and the 8w group is obvious. The Wistar rats exposed to PM2?5 with different method ( aerosol inhalation and non?exposed intratracheal instillation method) for 8w, the aerosol inhalation worked as effectively as perfusion while mortality rate of aerosol inhalation is lower. Different animals ( Wistar rats, BN rats and guinea pigs) exposed to PM2?5 aerosol inhalation for 8w, the same results were observed with three method respectively while mortality rate of Wistar rats lower. Conclusions The optional conditions that the Wistar rats were continuously inhaled for 8w PM2?5 with a dose of 150 ± 10 μg/m3 were established. The animal model could be used on a national scale, especially in Fujian province. The results would be useful for the development of the research of the prevention and countermeasures of PM2?5 pollution.

0.05)before treatment.(2)After 6 months' treatment,there was significant difference in PMC and EMC(P0.05).VNDmax and VTmax were significantly lower in group one than in group two(P

Objective To construct an eukaryotic co-expression plasmid pBM9 carrying human granulysin active peptide and murine IL-12 and determine its expression.Methods The primer pairs including granulysin leader peptide DNA sequence were designed to amplify granulysin from the plasmid pZM03 carrying granulysin gene by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).PCR product was directly cloned into an eukaryotic co-expression plasmid pBudCE4.1 to construct plasmid pBudCE4.1-S9K.pBudCE4.1-S9K plasmid was identified by DNA sequencing.Murine IL-12 gene was subcloned into pBudCE4.1-S9K to construct eukaryotic co-expression plasmid pBudCE4.1-S9K/mIL-12.Mycobacteria replicon Orim from plasmid pZM03 was subcloned into NotⅠsite of pBudCE4.1-S9K/mIL-12 to construct eukaryotic co-expression shuttle plasmid pBM9.pBM9 was tansfected into RAW264.7 cells.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of granulysin and IL-12.The protein expression of them were observed by immunocytochemical method and ELISA respectively.Results RT-PCR identified the expressions of granulysin and mIL-12 in transfected cells and culture supernatant.Immunocytochemical method and ELISA verified the protein expressions.Conclusion The recombinant shuttle plasmid pBM9 is successfully constructed and expressed in vitro,which laid a foundation of gene therapy for tumors with granulysin and mIL-12.

The vehicle-mounted wireless tele-consultation system involves computer network technology, satellite communication technology and multimedia video technique in, which is composed of GPS, vehicle -mounted satellite communication sub-system, automatic satellite-tracking sub-system and computer control system. The system can be applied to medical command, operation tele-instruction, tele-education, tele -consultation, uploading medical service data and searching electronic medical information,and thus the field medical treatment and medical service are both improved. This paper introduces such aspects of the system as its principle, components, functions and application to medical service support.

Objective To compare the compression properties of articular cartilage and polyinyl alcohol hydro-gel(PVA-H)as artificial carlage.Method Unconfined compression tests were conducted on articular card-lage and PVA-H,including stress-strain tests,creep tests and stress relaxation tests.The stress-strain rela-tionship of articular cartilage and PVA-H were measured.Result The compression modulus of articular card-lage was higher than that of PVA hydrogel.The average compression modulus of articular cartilage and PVA hydrogel was(3.6492±0.6199)Mpa and(1.5951±0.1469)Mpa,respectively.Condusions The experimental results revealed the differences existed between articular cartilage and PVA-H and this would be useful to fur-ther improve the mechanical properties of artificial cartilage.

Objective To investigate the effect of salmeterol/fluticasone (SM/FP) on serum inflammatory factors in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children.Methods 80 children with bronchial asthma from January 2015 to October 2015 in department of pediatrics of first affiliated hospital of Zhejiang Chinese medicine university were selected and randomly divided into two groups.The control group were given routine clinical treatment, the experimental group were treated on the basis of the control group with salmeterol/fluticasone (SM/FP), for 4 weeks.The serum IL-2, IL-4, IFN-α, T-lymphocyte subsets and clinical efficacy between the two groups were compared.Results Compared with control group, the serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-γin experimental group were higher, IL-4 in experimental group was lower ( P <0.05 ); the serum CD3 +T, CD4 +T and CD4 +T /CD8 +T levels in experimental group were higher, the serum CD8 +T was lower than those in control group (P<0.05); the total efficiency of the experimental group (92.5%) was significantly higher than that of control group (75.0%) (P<0.05).Conclusion The salmeterol/fluticasone (SM/FP) has the good efficacy in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children, which could effectively regulate T lymphocyte subsets proportion and the level of cytokines.