Nei Jing says:Tian Qi connects Lung. Cough is closely associated with the seasons’change of climate which means four seasons and six pathogenic factors,so we must combine the clinical treatment of cough with the seasons’change of climate,which conduct an overall analysis of the illness and the patient's condition. It is favorable to drive out pathogenic Qi and restore healthy one.

Objective To investigate risk factors of Alzheimer's patients with aspiration pneumonia and inter-vention,to provide a reference for clinical treatment.Methods From January 2013 to June 2014,322 patients with Alzheimer's disease were selected,the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was analyzed,and the age,gender,depression Tian water test grading,underlying diseases,aspiration and other potential factors were analyzed to get risk factors of aspiration pneumonia,and summarized countermeasures.Results Multivariate analysis showed that underlying disea-ses (95%CI =1.694 -5.319,P =0.011),invasive procedures(95%CI =1.884 -6.362,P =0.001),depression Tian water test grade(95%CI =2.184 -9.636,P =0.000),malnutrition(95%CI =2.501 -11.114,P =0.000), Glasgow Coma Scale(95%CI =1.271 -3.569,P =0.011),were risk factors for Alzheimer patients with aspiration pneumonia(P <0.05).Conclusion Alzheimer's patients with inhalation pneumonia have multiple risk factors,more expectoration should be done for caring,e.g.oral care,in order to reduce the probability of pneumonia.

Objective:To study the Fanggan Decoction,s death prevention on mouse and inhibition effects on Influenza A virus in vivo.Methods:After setting up the model of mouse infected with Influenza A virus(H1N1),we observed the death prevention with Fanggan Decoction,done hemagglutination test and detected the dynamic contents of virus with Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative RT-PCR.Results:Fanggan Decoction can prevent the death of infected mouse and delay the survival time.The death rate was 66.67%,33.33% and 25% respectively in low,middle and high dose of Fanggan Decoction groups and the average survival time was respectively 8.75 days,11.41 days and 12.33 days.Virus contents reached peak on the 5th day,while compared with the model group,virus contents were lower in each Fanggan Decoction groups,especial in the middle and high dose groups.Conclusion:Fanggan Decoction had good effect in inhibiting Influenza A virus,and can prevent the death of infected mouse,delay the survival time,while get better antivirus dose-effect relationship at double dose.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) expression in bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B)induced by particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5).Methods PM2.5 powder was dis-solved in DMEM medium and diluted into five concentrations , 0,12.5,25,50 and 100μg/ml, respectively.The double an-tibiotics ( streptomycin and penicillin ) and FBS were added into the solution to a 2% final concentration of serum system after being treated by ultrasound for 30 minutes.The cultured Beas-2B cells were then treated with different doses of PM2.5.Subsequently, nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) transactivity and the transcriptional activation of vegf gene promot-er were tested by dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis system while phosphorylation of p 65 , expression levels of IκBαand VEGF were detected by Western blotting .Results PM2.5 induced up-regulation of VEGF expression in Beas-2B cells in a dose-dependent manner , accompanied by NF-κB transactivation at the highest level under 100 μg/ml of PM2.5 treatment. Moreover, PM2.5 induced degradation of the repressor protein IκBαand increase in the phosphorylation level of p 65 sub-unit in Beas-2B cells.Knockdown of NF-κB p65 expression significantly inhibited vegf gene promoter transcriptional activa-tion as well as VEGF protein expression in Beas-2B cells induced by PM2.5.Conclusion PM2.5 induces VEGF expres-sion via activation of NF-κB pathway in bronchial epithelial cells .

Objective To explore the signal transduction mechanism of inhibitor kappa B kinase α( IKKα) , one of the catalytic subunits of IKK complex , for regulating p53 transactivation in the cellular ultraviolet radiation ( UVB) repsonse. Methods The transactivation of p53 was determined by dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis system while the expression and activation of IKKα, IKKβ, p53 and p38K was detected by Western blotting assay .Results UVB exposure induced activation and transactivation of p 53 in the wild type mouse fibroblasts ,but the effect was blocked by IKKa deficiency and recovered by reconstitution of IKKαexpression.Under the same conditions , IKKαregulated p38K activation, while inhibi-ting p38K activation down-regulated p53 transactivation under UVB exposure .Conclusion IKKαregulates UVB-induced phosphorylation and activation of p 53 in a p38K-dependent manner .

Objective: To study the effects of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati on expression of transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-?1) in rats with pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin.Method: 120 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: the control group(n=30),the bleomycin(BLM) model group(n=30),the Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati prophylactic group(n=30),the 7 th day treatment group(n=20) and the 28 th day treatment group(n=10).The rat models of pulmonary fibrosis were established by intratracheal injection of bleomycin, while the control group was given with normal saline instead.The Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati prophylactic group received intragastric administration with 4ml?kg-1?d-1 Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati 2 days before setting up models.The 7 th day treatment group and the 28 th day treatment group received the treatment on the seventh day and the twenty-eighth days after establishing models respectively.The other two groups received saline instead.On the 3rd,7th,14th,28th,42th and 56th day after instillation of bleomycin,lung samples were obtained and the content of hydroxyproline in lung tissue homogenate was detected to judge the degree of fibrosis and the therapeutic efficacy.At the same time the express of TGF-?1mRNA and TGF-?1 protein was examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method.Results: Compared with the model group,the content of hydroxyproline in the Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati prophylactic group and the 7th day treatment group decreased significantly(P

Objective Nanoknife,also called irreversible electroporation,is a new technique of tissue ablation.Short,microsecond electrical pulses with high voltage are applied to the cell membrane,causing pores to form within the membrane and finally leading to cell death.The current study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the nanoknife in the ablation of the healthy pig pancreas.Methods Three healthy pigs underwent open pancreatic tissue ablation with nanoknife,and blood leukocytes and amylase were detected before and after treatment.Three pigs were sacrificed and gross specimens were collected on day 5,day 10 and day 15 after the procedure,respectively.HE staining and TUNEL staining were conducted and tissue,cellular and subcellular structures were observed under the ordinary microscope and transmission electron microscopy.Results Three experimental pigs recovered well after the procedure.No significant adhesions were found surrounding the pancreatic tissue,and the ablation zone was slightly harder.Transiently increased leukocyte count and amylase level were observed after the ablation,which decreased to the normal level on day 3 after treatment.Under light microscope,the pancreatic tissues in ablation zone appeared to be significantly different from the normal surrounding regions,with more cell death and more apoptotic cells detected by TUNEL staining.The subcellular structure changes also changed under electron microscope.But the main pancreatic duct and its large branches,together with arteriovenous distributions did not change much.Conclusions Nanoknife pancreatic tissue ablation can induce irreversible damage.In the ablation area,pancreatic duct and vascular structures are kept intact.Within a reasonable voltage range and appropriate electrical pulses setting,nanoknife ablation is safe in vivo experiment.

Objective To explore the role of the transcriptional factor activator protein (AP)-1 in mediating vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) expression in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to PM 2.5.Methods Beas-2B cells was treated with PM2.5.Luciferase assay was used to detect the activation status of AP-1 and transcription of VEGF in the Beas-2B cells.The induced activation of c-Jun, ATF2 and VEGF expression was tested by Western blotting assay.Results PM2.5 induced transactivation of the transcriptional factor AP-1, accompanied by phosphorylation of the AP-1 components, c-Jun and ATF2 in Beas-2B cells.Moreover, when AP-1 activation was inhibited by knocking down c-Jun or ATF2 expressions, induction of VEGF expression was partially attenuated in Beas-2B cells.Conclusion AP-1 is a critical transcriptional factor in mediating PM2.5-induced VEGF expression and inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Huzhang on the progress of pulmonary fibrosis in rats, evaluate the role of Huzhang in this process and explore its mechanism.

METHODWistar male rats were randomized into 7 groups (normal control group, model group, positive control group, prophylactic group, 3rd day treatment group, 7th day treatment group and 14th day treatment group). Bleomycin was administered by intratracheal injection to produce pulmonary fibrosis groups except the normal control group. The positive control group began to be given DXM (4 mL x kg(-1) x d(-1)) on the day of the model-making. The normal control group and model group were given NS (4 mL x kg(-1) x d(-1)) on the day of the model-making. The prophylactic group was given reagent (4 mL x kg(-1) x d(-1)) 2 days ahead of the model-making, whereas the 3rd day treatment group, the 7th day treatment group and the 14th day treatment group given the same dose respectively on the third day, the seventh day and the fourth day behind of the model-making. Lung tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson's trichrome to determine the pathological grading. The lung fibroblast (LF) was cultured in vitro by way of pancreatic enzyme digestion, which was used to detect the contents of the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1mRNA with RT-PCR method.

RESULTCompared with those in the model group, the alveolitis, pulmonary fibrosis and collagen accumulation were significantly alleviated in the positive control group, Huzhang prophylactic group and each treatment groups. In the positive control group, Huzhang prophylactic group, the 3rd day treatment group, the 7th day treatment group and the 14th day treatment group, the expression of MMP-2 mRNA was weaker significantly than that in the BLM model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) except that on the 42nd day. The expression of TIMP-1mRNA was also weaker significantly than that in the BLM model group at all set times in all treatment groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The inhibition of TIMP-1 lasted until the 42nd day.

CONCLUSIONHuzhang inhibited the expression of MMP-2mRNA and TIMP-1mRNA of lung fibroblast in different periods to reduce the alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis, which was probably one of the anti-fulmonary fiborsis mechanisms of Huzhang.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEAssessing the reproducibility of a portable spirometer, including reproducibility of inter-observer and day-today.

METHODSLung ventilation function was performed in 22 healthy volunteers by two observers on the same day and repeated by the first observer after 24h.

RESULTSThe inter-observer and day-to-day intra-class correlation coefficients are all higher than 0.75. There are no significant difference between each other. Bland-Altman chart shows good limits of agreement between inter-observer and day-to-day, only scattered data are outside of the limits of agreement.

CONCLUSIONSThe portable spirometer shows good inter-observer and day-to-day reproducibility, and can be used for testing lung function in clinical.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Observer Variation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spirometry ; instrumentation