Objective To investigate pathological chan ges in stomach during long-term Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection in Mongolian gerbil model. Methods Mongolian gerbils were inoculated with H.pylori NCTC 11637. Results Mongolian gerbil model of long-term H.pylori infecti on was successfully established. It was shown that H.pylori could induce the pro cess progressing from normal gastric mucosa to chronic gastritis, glandular atro phy, intestinal metaplasis, and atypical hyperplasia, though no adenocarcinoma w as found in the experimental animals. Conclusions H. pylori NC TC 11637 can colonize easily in the glandular stomach mucosa of Mongolian gerbi ls. The stability of this model is excellent, and th e histological chang es are similar to those of humans with H. pylori infection.

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of cyclin E and c fos in Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) induced gastric precancerosis. The expression of cyclin E and c fos in mucosa of gastric antrum was determined by RT PCR and immunohistochemistry staining in Mongolian gerbil with H. pylori induced gastric precancerosis. Cyclin E mRNA levels were increased 2 2 fold 25 weeks ( P

BACKGROUND: Antiviral drugs can reduce the incidence of early-onset cytomegalovirus(CMV)disease,but are associated with strong toxicity and the development of late-onset CMV disease.In order to prevent CMV disease better,cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL)may play a critical role in controlling CMV reactivation.Fluorescent HLA-peptide tetramers are used to monitor the recovery of CMV CTL in recipients of allogeneic transplants.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of HLA-peptide tetramers and adoptive immunotherapy in treating CMV disease.METHODS: A computer-based online search of Pubmed and Wanfang databases was performed for articles related to CTL detection,application of antiviral drugs and HLA-peptide tetramers,and adoptive immunotherapy with key words"HLA-peptide tetramers,cytomegalovirus,specific CTL,adoptive immunotherapy"in English and Chinese.Repetitive articles were excluded and 29 articles were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adoptive immunotherapy with CMVs cytotoxic T cells as preemptive therapy is a very elegant strategy; however,generation of these cells is costly and time-consuming,and therefore the therapy is not available at every transplantation center.Magnetic selection of CMVs CD8+T cells from peripheral blood of CMV-seropositive donors by using HLA-peptide tetramers may be very hopeful,which simplifies adoptive immunotherapy.

Objective To investigate the association between gene polymorphism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) in Qinghai Han population.Methods Ninety cases of Graves disease were selected from June 2011 to February 2014 in The People's Hospital of Qinghai Province,and the 90 patients were divided into two subgroups according to GO (49 cases) and GD without GO(41 cases).Then the genotype and allele of CTLA-4 exon 1 (+ 49A/G) were detected in surum by the method of polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Results The distribution of CTLA-4 exon 1 (+ 49 A/G) genotype frequencies (AA,AG,GG) was not different between GO and GD without GO subgroups [4.1％ (2/49) to 7.3％ (3/41),44.9％ (22/49) to 61.0％ (25/41),51.0％ (25/49) to 31.7％ (13/41),Fisher exact probability,P =0.180 ＞ 0.05]; the distribution of CTLA-4 exon 1 (+ 49A/G) allele frequencies (A,G) was not different between GO and GD without GO subgroups [26.5％ (26/98) to 37.8％ (31/82),73.5％ (72/98) to 62.2％ (51/ 82),x2 =2.622,P＞ 0.05].Conclusion CTLA-4 gene exon 1 (+ 49A/G) may not be a candidate susceptibility gene for Qinghai Han GO.

ObjectiveTo detect the changes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with high resolution endoscopy,and to explore its diagnostic value for nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). Methods From April 2007 to January 2008, consecutive out-patients visiting the Department of Gastroenterology due to continuous or recurrent symptoms of acid reflux, heartburn, cardiac-like chest pain for at least three months and volunteer healthy controls were recruited to the study. The subjects were classified into the normal group ( n =48 ), the NERD group ( n =70), the erosive esophagitis (EE) group ( n =70), and the Barrett esophagus (BE) group ( n =48). All subjects underwent endoscopy, and the shape of Z-lines, the shape of mucosal pits, mucosa roughness above Z-line and the shape of mucosal blood vessels were observed. The NERD changes were analyzed with optimal scale. ResultsZ-line shape of NERD group showed a significant difference from that of EE and BE groups ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), which was not different from that of normal controls ( P ＞0. 01 ). The shape of mucosal pits of NERD group was different from that of EE and BE (P ＜0. 01 ), which also was not different from that of control (P＞0. 01 ). Roughness of the mucosa above Z-line of NERD group was different from other 3 groups (P ＜0. 05). And the shape of mucosal blood vessels of NERD was different from the control (P＜0. 05), but was not from two others. Features of NERD relative images were thin,straight and spiral blood vessels, bar-like pits, plat mucosa, round, smooth and wide tooth-like Z-line and mucosa of white particle hypertrophy. ConclusionHigh resolution endoscopic features of most NERD patients are cloudy, white and rough mucosal surface, with white particular hypertrophy, spiral vascular dilation, extending to Z-line. These features can be indicators of NERD.

Objective To prepare chitosan-polyaspartic acid-5 fluorouracil (CTSPasp-5FU) nanoparticles and to investigate its anti-neoplastic effect and toxicity.Methods CTS-Pasly5FU nanopartieles were synthesized by ion gelatifieation.BALB/C nude mice were injected with gastric carcinoma cell line SGC- 7901 mass subcutaneously near nape to establish human gastric carcinoma model.Then they were randomly al- located into chitosan-polyaspartie acid -5fluorouracil(CTS-Pasp-SFU,containing 5-FU 1.25mg/kg) group, 5-FU (1.25mg/kg) group and normal saline group.Tumor weight was measured and the colony forming unit- granulocyte and maerophage (CFU-GM) was investigated.Results The drug content of CTS-Pasp-5FU was 40.2% and the encapsulation efficiency was 34.9%.Compared with normal saline group,tumor volume of 5-FU group and CTS-pasp-5-FU group were significantly decreased 21 days after treatment (P

Objective To investigate the correlation between gene polymorphism of protein tyrosinephosphatase,non-receptor type22 (PTPN-22) and Graves disease (GD) in Qinghai Tibetan.Methods One hundred and thirty Tibetan cases of GD were selected randomly from July 2012 to November 2016 in the People's Hospital of Qinghai Province;meanwhile,110 normal control cases were selected randomly fron the Qinghai Tibetan.All the subjects were non-related Tibetan residents of Qinghai nationality,who had no thyroid disease and other autoimmune diseases,and had no family history of autoimmune diseases.Then genotype and allele of PTPN-22 were detected by the method of polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Results The Hardy-Weinberg balance test was used to examine the representativeness of the control group and the GD group (P ＞ 0.05).The suggested samples have population representativeness and can be used in population genetics research.The distribution of PTPN-22 exon 14 (1 858C/T) genotype frequencies (CC,CT,TT) did not differ between normal control cases and GD in Qinghai Tibetan [95.45％ (105/110) vs 93.08％ (121/130),4.55％ (5/110) vs 6.92％ (9/130),0 (0/110) vs 0 (0/130),x2 =0.613,P ＞ 0.05].The distribution of PTPN-22 exon 14 (1 858C/T)allele frequencies (C,T) did not differ between nornal control cases and GD in Qinghai Tibetan [97.73％(215/220) vs 96.54％ (251/260),2.27％ (5/220) vs 3.46％ (9/260),x2 =0.015,P ＞ 0.05].Conclusion There is no significant relationship between the polymorphisms of PTPN-22 gene exon 14 (1 858C/T) and GD.

Objective To evaluate the value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the diagnosis of Crohn's Disease (CD).Methods A total of 436 patients with endoscopically suspected CD underwent EUS and the clinical data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.Changes of gastrointestinal wall stratification and perienteric complications detected by EUS were documented systematically.The consistency between the diagnosis of EUS and the results of pathology were recorded.Results A total of 297 cases of CD and 139 cases of non-CD were clinically diagnosed,while 277 CDs (including 17 non-CDs clinically diagnosed) and 159 non-CDs (including 37 CDs clinically diagnosed) were diagnosed by EUS.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate of EUS in diagnosing CD were 87.5％ (260/297),87.8％ (122/139) and 87.6％ (382/436),respectively.Dilated vessels in submucosa were detected in 40 patients,fistulae in 13,abscesses in 5 and enlarged lymph nodes in 75.Conclusion EUS can show gastrointestinal wall stratification of CD clearly with high diagnostic accuracy.Meanwhile,EUS can detect extraluminal complications well to help in providing useful information for surgery.