TNF? mRNA in human bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)cells was quantitated by a olymerase chain reaction(PCR)using a cRNA internal standard,cRNA molecules were in vitro transcribed from pAW108 plasmid in which the sequences of upstream primer and omolementary sequences of downstream primer of TNF? were inserted.The cRNA and mRNA extracted from BAL cells were mixed and reverse-transcribed into cDNA.The resultant cDNA mixture was 1:3 diluted and amplified by PCR using TNF? specific primers.~(32)p-labeled upstream primers were included in the PCR reaction,cDNA fragments amplified was run on a 3% agarose gel.The radioactivity of positive bands was determined in a scintillation ounter.After plotting variable template concentrations of the internal standard pAW108 cRNA and the number of BAL cells against the radioactivity of their PCR products,the levels of TNF? mRNA in BAL cells were quantitated by comparision to those of cRNA internal standard.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the necessities and countermeasures of pharmaceutical care in the rural areas of China.METHODS:The existing difficulties of pharmaceutical care in the rural areas of China were analyzed realistically.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:In order to successfully carry out pharmaceutical care,firstly the state food and drug adminis-tration must strengthen the supervision,construct the supply network of drugs and ensure the quality of medication;secondly the pharmacists'ability must be enhanced and pharmacists'quantity increased through various of training and education;thirdly the consultation service should be carried out by specially assigned persons.Only in this way can we improve the quality of pharmaceutical care and ensure the secure,efficient and economic drug use.

In recent years,the humanistic quality education in vast number of medical colleges and universities shows a low level of wandering state.This in not only related with the poor condition of current humanistic quality course,but also related with the diametrically opposed humanistic quality education and medical professional education and lack of organic integration.To improve the medical colleges' educational level is urgent to establish the concept of holographic education of great medicine,great education and great culture,improve the teaching quality of current humanistic quality education,actively explore the deep integration of humanistic quality education and medical professional education,improve the humanistic quality and nurturing ability of teachers staff in medical universities and colleges,and so on.

Objective To study the potential effect of gene-environment interaction between glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and serum organochlorines residues on the risk of breast cancer in women, in China. Methods Seventy newly pathologically diagnosed female patients with breast cancer from September 2006 to October 2007 were selected as the cases from five large hospitals in Tangshan. The controls were identified at the same hospital as cases. 1∶1 matched case-control study. Between the cases and controls, the difference of age was not over two years and the residence was similar. The organochlorine residues levels in the serum were measured by gas chromatography (GC). Genotypes of GSTM1 polymorphisms were analyzed by multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Interaction indexes (?) were calculated to determine the type of gene-environment interaction. Results After confounding factors adjusted, the result showed that interaction existed in genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and DDT, HCH residues, and interaction indexes (?) value were 1.237 and 1.379. Conclusion GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms and DDT, HCH may present an interaction in the development of breast cancer.

Using human acidic fibroblast growth factor Specific primers we tested the technique of screening cDNA library by a DNA polymerase chain reaction.With the method,we have suc-cessfully isolated encoding region cDNA of human interleukin 8 from both human dermal fibrob-last and PMA stimulated U937 cell cDNA libraries.

Abstract Objective:To construct bmcella melitensis Br.melitensis genomic DNA expression library and study its immune effect.Meth-ods: Hind Ⅲ digested Br.melitensis genomic DNA fragments were cloned into pSV-?-Gal plasmds.The recombinant plasmids were transformedinto JM109 host bacteria. After large-scale isolation, the recombinant plasmids were inoculated into the quadriceps muscle of mice. In the 9thday after third boost immunization .agglutination antibodies against Br. melitensis and lymphocyte mitogenic ability of mice were determined. Re-sults : Expression library nucleic acid vaccine can induce the production of agglutination antibodies against Br. melitensis and stimulate the lym-phocyte porliferation primed by ConA. Conclusion:The genomic DNA expression library may provide a new vaccine against Br. melitensis infec-tion.

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on apoptosis following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in a rat model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) .Methods Twenty-four male SD rats weighing 300-500 g were randomly divided into 3 groups: group I sham operation; group Ⅱ MCAO + normal saline; group Ⅲ MCAO + propofol. MACO was produced by insertion of a 2-0 nylon filament with rounded end into internal carotid artery toward brain until resistance was encountered. The depth of insertion was about 2 mm. The filament was withdrawn after 2 h for reperfusion. In group I (sham operation) carotid artery was exposed but no filament was inserted. In group Ⅲ (propofol) intraperitoneal propofol 100 mg?kg-1 was administered 20 min before reperfusion; while in groupⅡ(normal saline) normal saline was given instead of propofol 20 min before reperfusion. At the end of 2 h reperfusion the animals were decapitated and the brain was removed. Apoptosis was identified by TUNEL technique. Cellular structure was examined under light microscope. Results Propofol significantly inhibited neuronal apoptosis following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Swelling and necrosis of the neurons were significantly attenuated in group III . Conclusion Propofol protects neurons against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Objective To study the effect mechanism of anticancer synergic (KangAiZengXiao,KAZX) decoction on gastric cancer in immunologic deficit rats with implanted tumor. Methods Forty rats were divided into normal control group(n=10), model group(n=15) and KAZX treating group(n=15). Model group and KAZX group were subcutaneously injected axillary the left upper limb with 0 5ml gastri cancer cells,MGC-803 cell(1?10 7/ml) after irradiated by 60 Co(dose:10Gy). Then the three groups were treated with KAZX decoction or distilled water every day, respectively. After three weeks, the rats were sacrificed,and blood WBC, the weight of spleen, activity of NK cell and transformation efficiency of lymphocyte were also detected.Results The rate of loaded tumor in KAZX group was significantly lower than in model group(20% vs 66 7%,P

An overall improvement of teaching quality is the core task of the reform and the development of higher education. Based on the analysis of the main factors of affecting the teaching quality in universities and combined with the implementation of “views on improving the overall qual-ity of higher education”by the Education Ministry, countermeasures for improving the teaching quality of undergraduates have been proposed such as increasing higher education funds investment to im-prove the condition of running a school, paying attention to the construction of teaching management staff to improve the level of teaching management, establishing Teacher Development Research Center to consolidate the fundamental position of undergraduate teaching , utilizing the high-quality social resources to implement the collaborative education innovation, and improving the personnel training system to strengthen the teaching quality standard .