Bilateral sequential cataract surgery is very common in clinical,but the ophthalmologists often ignore how to choose the timing of operation and whether the first eye can be used to improve the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation for the second one.Despite the refinements in IOL selection with the use of third-generation IOL formulas,5％ of eyes still result in a postoperative refractive surprise of ± 1.00 D or more.This paper introduced the methods of using refraction error of the first eye to improve the IOL power calculation for the second eye,and the refractive error of the second eye can be improved by modifying the IOL power to correct up to 50％ of the error from the first eye in details.Because of the variation of the postoperative refractive surprise within a month,the interval of three to four weeks between two eyes cataract surgery is highly recommended.These conclusions may provide the advantageous guidance for us in the selection of IOL in bilateral cataract surgery.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumors in Western countries, but its incidence in China is rising annually. Up to now, there is no effective therapy for those late stage, recurrent or hormone resistant patients. Gene therapy is the focus of study of prostate cancer in recent years both domestically and abroad. As a brand new therapeutic method,the pre clinical experimental researches have shown an encouraging future. This article reviews the major strategies and research progress in the field of gene therapy of prostate cancer.

264 clavicles from 132 Chinese Han nationality adult males of known age (17—76 years)were used for this study.The specimens were collected from Yunnanprovince,Guizhou province,Guangxi autonomous region and Shandong province.Changes of facies and margo articularis sternalis,facies and margo articularis acro-mialis and the back of extremitate acromialis near the margo bear relation to chan-ges with age.The changes of clavicles in these areas were divided into five phases.Statistical analysis revealed that the features chosen to delineate the various phasesare valid indicators of age.This study has shown that the clavicle can provide anaccurate estimation for age in Han nationality adult male spanning the age of 17 to76 years.

Objective To explore advantages of laparoscopic sphincter preserving surgery for ultra low rectal cancer . Methods From April 2006 to January 2015, we performed laparoscopic sphincter preserving surgery in 108 cases of ultra-low rectal cancer.After laparoscopic mesorectal resection and lymph node dissection were completed , transection of the rectum was performed with the Endo-GIA at 2 cm from the lower margin of the tumor .The right lower abdomen main operation port was expanded to remove the lesion and introduce the stapler base .The proximal colon was returned and the pneumoperitoneum was re-established .A colorectal end-to-end anastomosis was conducted through the anus by using a carliber 29 circular stapler . Results Laparoscopic operation was successfully accomplished in all the 108 cases.No conversion to open surgery was required .No operative mortality was encountered . The operation time was 68 -145 min ( mean, 104 min ) , the intraoperative blood loss was 10 -100 ml ( mean, 40 ml ) , the postoperative flatus time was 1-3.5 d (mean, 2.3 d), and the number of removed lymph nodes was 8-37 (mean, 12.5).There were 98 patients followed up for 6-62 months (mean, 24.6 months).No tumor metastasis or recurrence was found . Conclusion Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision of ultra low sphincter preserving operation is feasible .

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of treating functional constipation with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome by TCM hot patching Guanyuan. Methods Totally 61 patients with functional constipation with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group (31 patients) and control group (30 patients). Treatment group was given TCM hot patching, heated to 45 ℃, sticking to Guanyuan (RN4), eight hours, one time a day. The control group was treated with polyethylene glycol 4000 powder, 10 g for each time, twice a day, one time for morning and one time for evening. One course lasted for 15 d, 4 courses in total, with six-month follow-up. The improvement of the symptoms, such as difficulty in defecation, interval of defecation, texture of stool, time of defecation, feeling of defecation, weakness of waist and knees, coldness of limbs and so on, were ovserved. The clinical efficacy was evaluated and adverse reaction and recurrence rate were observed. Results After treatment, the symptoms of constipation scores in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05);the total effiective rate was 90.32%(28/31) in the treatment group, 86.67%(26/30) in the control group, with no significance (P>0.05);the incidence of adverse reaction was 6.5%(2/31) in the treatment group, and 16.7%(5/30) in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). In the follow-up of 2, 4 and 6 months, the relapse rates were 0, 3.6%, and 7.1% for the treatment group, and 7.7%, 38.5% and 50.0% for the control group. Relapse rates of 4 and 6 months of treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion TCM hot patching Guanyuan has good efficacy for functional constipation with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome, with few adverse reactions and low relapse rate.

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of CD/5 FC system on the prostate cancer cell DU145,RM 1 in vitro. Methods In vitro prostate cancer cells DU145 and RM 1 were infected by recombinant adenoviral vector and then the inhibitory effect and the bystander effect of CD/5 FC system were observed. Results CD/5 FC system had a remarkable inhibitory effect on prostate cancer cell DU145 and RM 1 in vitro, the inhibition rates being higher than 97% when infected by AdCMVCD after 4 days added with 15.5mmol/L 5 FC. A strong bystander effect could also be observed, more than 75% tumor cells being killed when only 10% were infected. Conclusions CD/5 FC system may serve as an effective gene therapeutic method.The existence of bystander effect makes itself available in the use of tumor treatment in vivo.

Objective To study effective methods for improving the cure rate of hypospadias. Methods Microsurgical techniques were employed for the primary repair of different types of hypospadias in 64 pediatric cases. The patients were aged 7 months ~ 14 years (mean, 5.6 years). The location of the opening was at the glans and the coronal ditch in 16 cases, at the body of the penis in 36 cases, and at the scrotum and perineum in 12 cases. Accompanying malformations or morbidities included 3 cases of translocation of penis and scrotum, 4 cases of cryptorchidism, 2 cases of hydrocele, and 2 cases of indirect hernia. There were 1 case of previous chordee correction without urethroplasty and 2 cases of failure from a Duckett procedure. Different techniques were employed for different types of hypospadias: the meatoplasty and glanuloplasty (MAGPI) for subcoronal hypospadias, the Mathieu flip-flap procedure for proximal hypospadias, the Snodgrass repair or the Onlay island flap repair for distal hypospadias, the Duckett procedure or the Hodgson procedure for severe hypospadias with chordee, and the Duplay procedure combined with the Duckett procedure for anterior hypospadias. A cystostomy was required in 20 cases due to re-operation, unsatisfactory foreskin, or severe hypospadias. Results Fifty-seven cases were cured (89.1%, 57/64). The operation time was 90~180 min (mean, 120 min). The intraoperative blood loss was less than 15 ml. Surgical complications included 3 cases of urethral fistula and 4 cases of urethral stenosis. No urethral diverticulum was found. Follow-up checkups in 54 cases for 2~36 months (mean, 19 months) showed satisfactory curative results. Conclusions Use of microsurgery techniques, proper selection of surgical methods, and careful surgical performance are helpful to improve the success rate of the surgery. The microsurgery is feasible for infants and younger children with hypospadias.

Objective To explore the clinical application of keyhole craniotomy microsurgery in neurosurgery. Methods Corresponding keyhole approach operation was employed in 13 cases of sellar region tumor, 6 cases of meningoma, 5 cases of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, 2 cases of glioma of corpus callosum, 2 cases of acoustic neuroma, 1 case of metastatic cerebral tumor, 1 case of epidural hematoma and 1 case of C 2 intravertebral tumor. Results Among the 25 cases, total resection was accomplished in 19 cases and subtotal resection, 6 cases. Lesions were all thoroughly cleared away in 5 cases of cerebral hemorrhage and 1 case of epidural hematoma. One case of acoustic neuroma died of re-bleeding in the lesion on the 3rd postoperative day. Subcutaneous dropsy took place in 2 cases and transient diabetes insipidus occurred in 3 cases. Conclusions Keyhole craniotomy microsurgery has the advantages of minimal exposure, micro-invasion, fewer complications and faster recovery.

Objective To establish the method of estimating the stature with the length of the thoracic segments of spine.Methods By applying technology of digital radiography(DR),the digital radiography of thoracic segments of 514 living subjects from the population of Han of Sichuan in China are obtained,their length of thoracic segments of spine also were measured from the radiograms and the body height of each subject was recorded.Linear regression analysis in grouping was done between the length of thoracic segments of spine and body height,and than the linear regression equations for stature estimation were produced based on the dimensions of thoracic segments.Results 7 regression equations were established from 7 groups(mixture between males and females,males,females,males between 20 and 45 years of age,males greater than 45 years of age,females between 20 and 45 years of age and females greater than 45 years of age).Each equation has been checked by analysis of variance of linear regression model and proved to be appropriate in statistic(P

Objective To study the protective effect of tadenanR on the bladder contractile function following partial outlet obstruction. Methods 20 New Zealand white male rabbits were divided into 4 groups of 5 rabbits each. Control group received operation but not forming obstruction model where as other groups received operation forming obstruction model.Two weeks after operation, tadenanR group received tadenanR orally at 100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 for three weeks; Peanut oil group received vehicle only (peanut oil) and the obstruction group did not receive any drugs for three weeks. Five weeks after operation, the weight and volume of each bladder was assessed, and 3 longitudinal strips(1.0 cm?0.5 cm) of each bladder musculature were mounted in individual baths including Thyrode's buffer?atropine?ATP?Ca 2+ -free and high K+ solusions for contractile study. The ultrastructure of detrusor cells was observed with electron-microscope. Results tadenanR did not reduce the bladder weight after partial outlet obstruction but had protective effect on the capacity of bladder.tadenan*R treatment resulted in a protective effect on the contractile response to field stimulation in all kinds of solutions when contrasted with obstruction group and peanut oil group. It also reduced the enlargement of endoplactmic reticulum and mitochondrion as compared with obstruction group and peanut oil group. Conclusions tadenanR has direct effect on prostate through the inhibition of ?-FGF and it also has a protective effect on bladder function.So it is preferable in the treatment of BPH.