Objective To establish a reversible partial obstruction model of the common bile duct(CBD) in dogs and explore the influence of partial obstruction of CBD on the motility of sphincter of Oddi(SO).Methods Adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized.In the partial obstruction(PO) group,a double ligature was performed around both a cannula(1 mm in diameter) and the common bile duct near to its bifurcation,then the cannula was withdrawn,while in the control group,only sham operation was done.The serum of venous blood was obtained before and on day 1,3,5,7,14,28 after operation.Liver specimens were obtained by biopsy on postoperative day 3,7,14.SO motility was recorded on postoperative day 28.Results All the obsrtuction of CBDs were removed in PO group,the structure of hepatocytes and liver function recovered to normal on day 28 after operation.SO basal pressure(SOBP),SO amplitude(SOAP) and frequency of SO phasic contraction(SOF) significantly decreased,whereas the duration of SO contraction did not change.Conclusion Partial obstruction of CBD inhibited the motility of SO.The clinical manifestation of this model is similar to that of patients with temporary obstructive jaundice that influenced the motility of SO.This model was relatively simple,easy and reliable.

Tendons are dense connective tissues that mediate the attachment of the muscle system to the skeletal system. While the methods for clinical tendon repair remain less satisfactory, tissue engineering may pro- vide promising future. Therefore, understanding the natural tendon development process is important for tendon en- gineering. Scleraxis and Tenomodulin are relatively specific molecule makers for tendon and ligment and play im- portant roles in the tendon development. This article gives review of the molecular structure, the expression regula- tion, and the roles of Scleraxis and Tenomodulin in tendon development, in order to better understand the process of tendon development.

Objective To explore advantages of laparoscopic sphincter preserving surgery for ultra low rectal cancer . Methods From April 2006 to January 2015, we performed laparoscopic sphincter preserving surgery in 108 cases of ultra-low rectal cancer.After laparoscopic mesorectal resection and lymph node dissection were completed , transection of the rectum was performed with the Endo-GIA at 2 cm from the lower margin of the tumor .The right lower abdomen main operation port was expanded to remove the lesion and introduce the stapler base .The proximal colon was returned and the pneumoperitoneum was re-established .A colorectal end-to-end anastomosis was conducted through the anus by using a carliber 29 circular stapler . Results Laparoscopic operation was successfully accomplished in all the 108 cases.No conversion to open surgery was required .No operative mortality was encountered . The operation time was 68 -145 min ( mean, 104 min ) , the intraoperative blood loss was 10 -100 ml ( mean, 40 ml ) , the postoperative flatus time was 1-3.5 d (mean, 2.3 d), and the number of removed lymph nodes was 8-37 (mean, 12.5).There were 98 patients followed up for 6-62 months (mean, 24.6 months).No tumor metastasis or recurrence was found . Conclusion Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision of ultra low sphincter preserving operation is feasible .

Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumors in Western countries, but its incidence in China is rising annually. Up to now, there is no effective therapy for those late stage, recurrent or hormone resistant patients. Gene therapy is the focus of study of prostate cancer in recent years both domestically and abroad. As a brand new therapeutic method,the pre clinical experimental researches have shown an encouraging future. This article reviews the major strategies and research progress in the field of gene therapy of prostate cancer.

Objective To evaluate the different effects of gastric banding (GB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on diet-induced obese rat model.Methods The obese rat model was established via the diet-induced method,and then underwent SG,GB,or sham-operation (SO) procedures.The different effects of SG,GB,and SO on these rats were evaluated at the 14th,28th and 56th day after operation.Results After 7 weeks' feeding,31rats in high-diet group reached the modeling standard.The model success rate was 88.6％ (31/35).GB and SG group showed significantly less cumulative food intake than SO group ( P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference between GB and SG group in cumulative food intake ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The average weight of rats in GB and SG group was (609.1±6.0) g and (591.6 ±4.3) g respectively at the 56th day after operation while it was (649.8 ± 10.0) g for SO group.The difference had statistical significance ( P ＜ 0.01).SG group showed better improvement effects on TC,TG,FFA,LDL-c and HDL-c than GB group (P ＜0.05).The postoperative ghrelin level in GB and SG group all decreased constantly and it decreased slower in GB group than in SG group.At the 56th day after operation,the ghrelin level in GB and SG group reduced from (1151.0 ± 144.2) pg/ml and (1148.2±127.2) pg,/ml to (992.0+121.9) pg/ml (P＜0.05) and (761.0+125.3) pg/ml (P＜0.01) respectively.The leptin level in GB and SG group all showed decreasing tendency.However,the leptin level of the 2 groups presented significant difference at the 56th day after operation.Conclusions There is no significant difference between GB and SG group in postoperative cumulative food intake.However,SG has better effects on controlling weight gain and improving blood lipids than GB.The different effects of GB and SG on the level of ghrelin and leptin in rats may account for the different curative effects.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of treating functional constipation with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome by TCM hot patching Guanyuan. Methods Totally 61 patients with functional constipation with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group (31 patients) and control group (30 patients). Treatment group was given TCM hot patching, heated to 45 ℃, sticking to Guanyuan (RN4), eight hours, one time a day. The control group was treated with polyethylene glycol 4000 powder, 10 g for each time, twice a day, one time for morning and one time for evening. One course lasted for 15 d, 4 courses in total, with six-month follow-up. The improvement of the symptoms, such as difficulty in defecation, interval of defecation, texture of stool, time of defecation, feeling of defecation, weakness of waist and knees, coldness of limbs and so on, were ovserved. The clinical efficacy was evaluated and adverse reaction and recurrence rate were observed. Results After treatment, the symptoms of constipation scores in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05);the total effiective rate was 90.32%(28/31) in the treatment group, 86.67%(26/30) in the control group, with no significance (P>0.05);the incidence of adverse reaction was 6.5%(2/31) in the treatment group, and 16.7%(5/30) in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). In the follow-up of 2, 4 and 6 months, the relapse rates were 0, 3.6%, and 7.1% for the treatment group, and 7.7%, 38.5% and 50.0% for the control group. Relapse rates of 4 and 6 months of treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion TCM hot patching Guanyuan has good efficacy for functional constipation with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome, with few adverse reactions and low relapse rate.

Bilateral sequential cataract surgery is very common in clinical,but the ophthalmologists often ignore how to choose the timing of operation and whether the first eye can be used to improve the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation for the second one.Despite the refinements in IOL selection with the use of third-generation IOL formulas,5％ of eyes still result in a postoperative refractive surprise of ± 1.00 D or more.This paper introduced the methods of using refraction error of the first eye to improve the IOL power calculation for the second eye,and the refractive error of the second eye can be improved by modifying the IOL power to correct up to 50％ of the error from the first eye in details.Because of the variation of the postoperative refractive surprise within a month,the interval of three to four weeks between two eyes cataract surgery is highly recommended.These conclusions may provide the advantageous guidance for us in the selection of IOL in bilateral cataract surgery.

Objective To analyze the curative effect of posterior internal fixation and fusion on patients with spinal fractures, and to provide the basis for clinical application. Methods A total of one hundred and eighty?eight patients with orthopedic incision treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from March 2013 to December 2016 were divided into the observation group ( 98 cases with posterior internal fixation fusion ) and the control group ( 90 cases with anterior internal fixation fusion ) . The clinical curative effects of the patients ( including Cobb angle,spinal nerve function,complications and the success rate of surgery ) , postoperative visual analogue score ( VAS ) , hospitalization time, operation time were compared. Results In the observation group,the VAS score before operation was (6. 89±6. 89) points and reduced to (2. 70±1. 33) points after operation,the pain decreased significantly after treatment (t=26. 099,P<0. 001). The VAS score of the control group lowered from (6. 85±6. 85) points to (5. 05±1. 35) points,and the pain decreased significantly after treatment ( t=10. 704, P<0. 001 ) , and the postoperative pain in the observation group was significantly reduced than that in the control group ( t=12. 016,P<0. 001) . There were significant differences between the observation group and the control group in operation time,intraoperative blood loss,incision length and hospitalization time ( ( 141. 91 ± 35. 42 ) min vs. ( 198. 82 ± 38. 61 ) min, ( 509. 72 ±113. 65) ml vs. (823. 40±108. 54) ml,(10. 25 ± 0. 84) cm vs. (18. 83±1. 58) cm,(10. 59±12) d vs. (15. 37±1. 52) d,t=10. 541,19. 315,47. 015,24. 681,P<0. 001) . The total effective rate of the observation group was 86 cases ( 97. 96%) , and ineffective rate of the observation group was 2 cases ( 2. 04%) . In the control group, the effective and ineffective rates were 75 cases ( 83. 33%) and 15 cases ( 16. 67%) , the difference in effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 12. 202, P<0. 001 ) . Conclusion Posterior internal fixation fusion is effective in the treatment of spinal fracture,which can reduce the postoperative pain,shorten the hospitalization time,less complication and high success rate. It is suitable for clinical promotion.

264 clavicles from 132 Chinese Han nationality adult males of known age (17—76 years)were used for this study.The specimens were collected from Yunnanprovince,Guizhou province,Guangxi autonomous region and Shandong province.Changes of facies and margo articularis sternalis,facies and margo articularis acro-mialis and the back of extremitate acromialis near the margo bear relation to chan-ges with age.The changes of clavicles in these areas were divided into five phases.Statistical analysis revealed that the features chosen to delineate the various phasesare valid indicators of age.This study has shown that the clavicle can provide anaccurate estimation for age in Han nationality adult male spanning the age of 17 to76 years.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPA5) protein in breast cancer tissues. Methods: The specimens of breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 80 breast cancer patients from January 2015 to December 2016 in the First People's Hospital of Yongkang were selected in the study.The expression of LPA5 in breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry.The clinical case characteristics of patients were collected. Results: The positive expression rate of LPA5 in breast cancer tissues(72.5%) was higher than that in adjacent tissues(8.75%)(χ²=67.394, P<0.05). The positive rate of LPA5 in clinical stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ(91.3%) was higher than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ(64.9%)(χ²=5.725, P<0.05). The positive rate of LPA5 in patients with lymph node metastasis(94.7%) was higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis(52.4%)(χ²=17.951, P<0.05). The positive rate of LPA5 in patients with intravascular tumor thrombus(92.3%) was higher than that in patients without intravascular tumor thrombus (63.3%)(χ²=7.580, P<0.05). The expression of LPA5 in breast cancer tissues was not related to age and tumor diameter (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive expression rates of LPA5 in the breast cancer tissues among luminal type, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) overexpressing type and triple negative type (P>0.05). The disease-free survival rate(86.3%) and overall survival rate(87.5%) of patients with negative expression of LPA5 in breast cancer tissues were higher than those in breast cancer tissues with positive expression (65.0%, 66.3%)(χ²=4.517, 4.328, all P<0.05). Conclusion LPA5 expression is up-regulated in breast cancer tissues, and LPA5 may be involved in the development and progression of breast cancer, which is closely related to the prognosis of breast cancer.