Objective To observe changes of cytosolic Ca2+ levels before and after irradiation by ELF pulsed electromagnetic waves and to study the mechanism of these changes.Methods Basing on the result from experiment,time-frequency analysis was applied to analyze the bio-effects of ELF pulsed electromagnetic field on cytosolic Ca2+ levels.Results The PHMx(t,?)isoline of cytosolic Ca2+ levels of the cells before(a)and after(b)irradiation by ELF pulsed electromagnetic field was given.Electrohydrodynamic instability and a crystalline liquid biomembrane were applied to explain the mechanism of biological effects on the cells.Conclusion The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration represents a well-defined pattern of spectrum in time-frequency domain,containing continuous and dispersive spectral components.The circs which was considered to induce bio-effects in time-frequency domain presented two unique properties:the continuous spectrum of cellular Ca2+ fluctuations in time-frequency domain was narrowed by the high-energy spectrum component restrained,and the distribution and the frequencies of the dispersive spectra were changed.Furthermore,the pulse frequencies and intensities producing the bio-effects are discrete and distant.

There were a lot of differences between the American and Chinese medical education.Students in American should obtain bachelor's degree of humanities or science before reciveing medical doctor's degree at graduation.High altitude militray medicine is a characteristic discipline of the third military medical university,aming at training general doctors for the plateau.During the designing of high altitude militray medicine curriculum and its teaching process,we actively learned from the advanced experiences of American based on the reality,optimizd currulum,improved teaching methods,greatly cultivated the students' protential in order to increase the qualify of high altitude militray medicine personnel.

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases seen in clinical practice. Cartilage survives in the hypoxic microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key nuclear transcription factor which mediates the hypoxic response of cells. HIF-1α gene is an important regulator for the adaptation of articular cartilage to the hypoxic environment. It is important for formation of articular cartilage, energy metabolism and matrix synthesis. If the HIF-1α gene is knocked out, the cartilage can not maintain their normal morphology and function, which may lead to cartilage degeneration, and result in diseases such as osteoarthritis. Chinese herbal medicines can regulate the expression of HIF-1α gene and supply a therapy method for osteoarthritis. In this paper, the authors review the situation of the correlation between HIF-1α and osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration examined in recent years.

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) can rapidly hydrolize and oxidize the oxidized phosphatidylcholine molecules produced in low density lipoprotein and atherogenic lipoprotein (a),generating the soluble proinflammatory and proapoptotic mediatorslyso-phosphatidylcholine and oxidized free fatty acids.It stimulates aggregation and activation of monocyte-macrophage system and induces apoptosis and damages the removal of dead cells.It plays an important role in the development of lipid necrotic core of atherosclerosis.Lp-PLA2 is not an independent risk marker of coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke,but also plays an important role in the development of atherosclerotic plaques.Selective Lp-PLA2 inhibitor reduces the development of necrotic cores.It may play a role in the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques.At the same time,it may represent a novel target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Objective To study the efficacy of electroacupuneture combined with auricular acupoint seeds on cluster headache and its adverse reaction interfering.Methods A total of 98 cases with stroke were randomly recruited into a control group of 49 cases and a treatment group Of 49 cases.The control group was treated with conventional medicine,while the treatment group was treated with electro-acupuncture combined with auricular acupoint seeds,besides tge conventional intemal medicine.The efficacy was evaluated after one monm's treatment.A follow-up efficacy was evaluated in the continuous 6 months.Results 2 cases in the treatment group and 1 case in the control group quitted in the process.The treatment group showed significant better results in the immediate efficacy,3-mortth follow-up efficacy and 6-months follow-up efficacy as compared to the control group(all P＜0.05).The adverse reaction incidences of the treatment group were also significantly lower than the control grouD at 3-months and 6-months follow-up study(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The therapy of electro-acupuncture combined with auricular acupoint seeds is helpful to improve pharmacotherapy effect and alleviate medium term and long term adverse drug reaction.It can be served as an effective preventative measure for cluster headache.

Objective To determine the symptomatological characterictics of isehemie stroke in Chinese people on the basis of Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) criteria. Methods 900 patients with ischemic stroke were reviewed. Ischemic stroke was classified into four subtypes. Results Patients were classified as lacunar infarcts(19.3%) ,total anterior circulation infarcts(17.2%) ,partial anterior circulation infarcts (45.3%), and posterior circulation infarcts(18.2%). The statistical comparison between male and female of each subtype is not significant . Conclusion The difference between the studies is caused by race difference and some other reasons.

Objective To investigate the anatomical character and clinical application value of external malleolus periosteum bone flap pedicled with facia and external malleolus anterior artery. Methods Applied anatomy was studied with 10 adult corpse specimen after artery perfusion,observed the origin.trackway,and measured the external diameter and major vessel's length of external malleolus anterior artery,observed the composition of external malleolus artery net,and completed the performance in clinic in 10 patients and followed up for 6 months～6 years. Resultes The bone flap had abundant blood-supply,its pedicle was long enough for transfer,little injury to donor,the surgical procedure was easy to manipulate,and was used in clinic to treat talus fracture in 9 cases (fresh 5 and old 4) and old tibia fracture in 1 case,10 cases were involved with satisfactory outcome. Conclusion External malleolus periosteum bone flap pedicled with fascia and external malleolus anterior artery is a good new donor for the patients with fracture of talus or lower tibia,especially ununited case or osteonecrosis.

Action of electromagnetic radiation exerting on human body has been a concerned issue for people. Because electromagnetic waves could generate an electric stress in a discontinuous medium, we used the finite difference time domain (FDTD) as calculation methods to calculate the electric stress and its distribution in human head caused by high-frequency low-power electromagnetic environment, which was generated by dual-band (900 MHz and 1 800 MHz) PIFA antennas with radiated power 1 W, and we then performed the safety evaluation of cell phone radiation from the angle whether the electric stress further reached the human hearing threshold. The result showed that there existed the electric stress at the interface of different permittivity organization caused by the two kinds of high-frequency low-power electromagnetic environment and the maximum electric stress was located at the interface between skin and air of the phone side, and the electric stress peak at skull did not reach the threshold of auditory caused by bone tissue conduction so that it can not produce auditory effects.
Auditory Threshold ; Cell Phone ; Electricity ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Head ; radiation effects ; Humans

In all the carpal fractures, scaphoid fracture is the most common in clinic (from 60% to 70% in proportion) and likely leads to nonunion. If nonunion is not treated in time, it probably causes instability of the scaphoid lunate joint, further leading to scapholunate advanced collapse. Its comprehensive manifestations include degenerative arthropathy of radial styloid process, radial scaphoid joint, capitulolunate joint and even total wrist joint, eventually leading to wrist joint dysfunction. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to treatments of scaphoid fracture nonunion. Bone grafting is the most common practical treatment, but new surgical procedures have emerged in recent years. This article thus reviews the research advances in bone grafting for scaphoid fracture nonunion, commenting on the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques.

Objective To investigate the related factors of hemichorea.Methods 15 patients with hemichorea were analyzed retrospectively,including their clinical features,characteristics of neuroimaging and treatment.They were followed up for 0.5～4 years.Results The serum glucose increase in 11 cases.The lacunar cerebral infarctions in the area of basal ganglion were found in 5 patients,and the microvessel lesions in the area of basal ganglion resulted from diabetes mellitus in 10 patients.13 patients accepted medicine treatment,11 cases improved,1 case was ineffective,1 case deteriorated.Conclusion The hemichorea mainly related with cerebrovascular disease.The hemichorea due to diabetes mellitus may related with the ischemic or hemorrhagic microvessel lesions.