As a carrier of anti -cancer drugs ,peptides can modify and coat drugs .It shows good pros-pects in targeted drug delivery ,drug sustained -releasing,drug enhancement of solubility ,bioavailability.It can also reduce side effects of drug .The related studies become one of the hot points in the field of pharmaceutical re-search in recent years .In this paper , the types of peptide based drug delivery emerged in recent years are re-viewed,the characteristics and advantages of various kinds of carrier systems are described in details .The present review provides a theoretical basis for the further application of peptide drug carries .

Objective To investigate the epidemiologic features of HIV infections in voluntary blood donors in Zhejiang province.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 206 cases of HIV-positive blood donors who were found from 2008 to 2010 by blood screening in Zhejiang Province,and the demographic data of those HIV carriers were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software.Results The HIV-positive rates of voluntary blood donors in 2008,2009 and 2010 were 0.09‰(49/552 585 ),0.11‰( 64/601 639)and 0.15‰(93/600 893),respectively.There were five regions in Zhejiang province where HIV-positive rates exceeded 0.10‰,and the highest one was 0.21‰ in Wenzhou.HIV infection rate of male blood donors was 0.19‰,which was higher than that of female donors (0.02‰,x2 =96.21,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; donors with ages of ＞25-35 had the highest infection rate (0.19‰) among all age groups (x2 =41.94,P ＜0.01 ) ; blood donors with education of junior high school or lower had higher infection rate (0.21‰) than those with education of senior high school and undergraduate or above (0.11‰ and 0.02‰,x2 =78.62,P ＜0.01 ).Infection rate of first-time blood donors in 2008 was 0.12‰,higher than that of repeated donors (0.05‰,x2 =7.26,P＜0.01); while in 2009 and 2010,there was no difference between two groups (x2 =0.16 and 1.35,P ＞ 0.05 ).Blood donors who used mobile donation sites had higher infection rate than those using institutional donation (x2 =18.5,22.0 and 16.8 for 2008,2009 and 2010,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions The risk of HIV infection is gradually increasing among voluntary blood donors in Zhejiang province.To ensure the blood safety,blood agencies should establish pre-donation health consultation for high-risk blood donors such as young men with low education.

Dengue is the most wide-spread arthropod-borne viral disease of humans in the tropic and sub-tropic regions.In this study,genomic sequences of more than 3 000 dengue viruses available in the GenBank were aligned and analyzed by sero type.According to phylogenetic trees generated by the minimum evolution method of MEGA5.0,dengue viruses were divided into 4-6 genotypes within the four serotypes,respectively.Meanwhile,it was indicated that the distribution of most genotypes was associated with geographic origins of dengue viruses.Probable origins for most of the 39 strains from China with genomic sequences were deduced from relevant ancestral strains in the context of ME trees.These results revealed that the genotype distribution of dengue viruses was geographic origin-specific at genomic level,and that diverse introduction sources were attributed to dengue outbreaks in China.

Dengue is the most common vector borne viral disease of humans globally.Detection of viral RNA from suspected patient specimens is rapid,specific and confirmative in laboratory diagnosis of dengue infections during the acute phase.In this study,a multiplex nested reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) system was established for clinical specimens.While other nucleic acid amplification tests showed relatively low sensitivity,the multiplex nested RT PCR assay detected 4 cases among blood clots from 8 serologically confirmed dengue patients.These results suggested that blood clots of dengue patients could be used in laboratory diagnosis,and that the multiplex nested RT PCR assay,which simplified the detection procedure,could facilitate viral RNA detection of specimens in clinical laboratories.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical effect of the posterior single segment anterolateral decompression and anterior column reconstruction in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Methods A retrospective study was done on 21 patients with type Denis B thorocalumbar burst fractures who were treated by posterior approach minimal incision pedicle SCreW fixation,single segment anterolateral decompression and titanium mesh and bone graft from August 2007 to August 2009.There were 15 males and six males at mean age of 35.6 years(range,23-50 years).The involved segments included T12 in six patients,L1 in 11,L2 in three,and L3 in one.The preoperative spinal canal enemachment rate was 62.5%and the anterior-middle vertebral compression of all patients was less than 50%.CT scanning showed normal vertebral body and inferior endplate structure.The fracture reduction,graft fusion,neurological function recovery,correction loss,lumbar activities and adjacent lumbar disc degeneration were observed through preoperative,immediate postoperative and final follow up X-ray,CT and neurological examinations. Results The operation duration was 1.5-3.2 hours(average 2.1hours),with the bleeding of 350-1 000 ml(average 580 ml).All the patients were followed up for 4-26months(average 10.3 months),which showed that the vertebral fusion time was 4-6 months,with no loss of the vertebral height,implant breakage,loosening or extrusion.The nerve function was improved for 1-2 grades. Conclusions With correct selection of the indications,the posterior single segment anterolateral decompression and anterior column reconstruction is a reliable fixation,for it takes advantages of simple operation,minor trauma,less fusion segments and fast recovery.

Objective To discuss the formation mechanism of teardrop fracture of the axis and observe the clinical efficacy of anterior or posterior induction operation according to the fracture type.Methods Thirteen patients with teardrop fracture of the axis treated from May 2001 to October 2010 were involved in the study.There were 10 males and 3 females,at age range of 18-55 years (mean,35.5 years).Four patients were combined with cervical spinal cord injury (one patient with grade C and two with grade D according American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA).Injury causes included traffic injury in 11 patients and fall from height in two.After admission,the anteroposterior,lateral and mouth X-ray films,spiral CT sagittal reconstruction and MRI examination of the cervical vertebra were performed in all the patients.According to the injury mechanism,there were 10 patients with extension fractures treated with C2,3 intervertebral bone fusion and internal fixation through submandibular retropharyngeal approach and three with flexion fractures treated with posterior C2,3 intervertebral bone fusion and pedicle screw fixation.The clinical efficacy was also observed. Results All patients received complete exposure and effective reduction and fixation.The average time of anterior exposure and posterior exposure was 77 minutes and 125 minutes,respectively.No surgical complications occurred.All patients were followed up for 9-34 months (mean,13 months).Reexamination at four months after operation displayed bone healing in all patients.There was no lessening or breakage of the internal fixators.The spinal function of three patients with ASIA grade D injury and that of one patient with ASIA grade C injury recovered to normal at postoperative 1.5 and 6 months respectively. Conclusion The surgical approaches for teardrop fracture of the axis developed in the light of the fracture formation mechanism are beneficial and safe.

Objective To establish a stable model of rat orthotopic left lung transplantation using direct suture of vessels and bronchi. Methods Ten Sprague Dawley (SD) rats weighted 250 to 350 g were used as lung donors and recipients respectively. Airway and pulmonary vessels were reconstructed microsurgically using continuous running suture technique. Survival time were recorded and donor lungs were checked by autopsy. Results All 10 rats received left lung transplantation were weaned from ventilator successfully. Both of cold ischemia time and warm ischemia time were about 40 minutes. The total procedure took about 130 minutes. Autopsy was used to check the patency of anastomotic sites. No thrombosis or air leak was found. Conclusions Direct microsurgical surture can be used to establish an experimental model of orthotopic left allograft lung transplantation in rats. This method is proved to be stable, reliable and similar to clinical practices.

Since several dengue viruses (DENV) have been isolated in Fujian Province during the past decade, sequencing and evolution analyses of viral envelope genes are helpful in determining their possible transmission origins. In this study, viral RNA was extracted from 12 DENV strains from Fujian between 20042010. Viral envelope genes were amplified, cloned into TA vectors and sequenced, and the sequence data were subsequently analyzed by bioinformatics software. Full-length E genes of DENV-1 or DENV-2 of 1 485 bp, and DENV- 3 of 1 479 bp were obtained. It was indicated, from BLAST analysis and phylogenetic trees, that DENV strains in Fujian Province during 20042010 shared the highest similarity with Southeast Asian strains, suggesting that DENV circulating in Fujian Province between 20042010 were probably imported from Southeast Asia. Hence, extensive monitoring on passengers from this region at the entry-ports should be strengthened.

Purpose To investigate the expression of CD24 in cardiac adenocarcinoma, and to explore the relationship between the two molecules and other clinicopathological features. Methods The expression of CD24 in 140 cases of cardiac adenocarcinoma was detec-ted by using immunohistochemistry. And the relationship between CD24 and clinicopathological features, adenocarcinoma biological be-havior were analyzed, total RNAs were extracted from 26 cases of fresh carcinoma tissues and adjacent mucosa, each groups were divid-ed by different clinical staging, different degree of differentiation. The expression of CD24 was detected by using RT-PCR and the re-sults were shown as relative quantity. The difference of CD24 expression between two groups was further analyzed and the invasion of both groups was compared. Results Immunohistochemically, the expression of CD24 was significantly higher in carcinoma tissues than that in adjacent mucosa (P<0. 05), and those expression was associated with tumor differentiation (P<0. 05). CD24 was also closely related with the invasion, lymph node metastasis, clinical stages and nerves involvement (P<0. 05), while no relation with age, gender, vascular blots and residual situation (P>0. 05), the expression of CD24 in two pathological types showed that Lauren diffuse type was higher than intestinal type, the expression of CD24 was different among tubular adenocarcinoma, polypoid adenocarci-noma, mucinous adenocarcinoma and low adhesion adenocarcinoma (WHO classification) (P<0. 05). RT-PCR results demonstrated that the expression of CD24 was markedly higher in carcinoma tissues than those in adjacent mucosa ( P<0. 05 ) . The expression of CD24 in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than those in intermediate/highly differentiated adenocarcinoma (P<0. 05). CD24 expression was also associated with clinical stages. The relative quantity from stageⅠtoⅣwas progressively ris-ing (P<0. 05). Conclusions The expression of CD24 is closely related with the tumor differentiation, invasion, lymph node metas-tasis and clinical staging, suggesting that CD24 may be involved in the progression of cardiac adenocarcinoma, and the patients with higher CD24 expression may have poorer prognosis.