The monolayer charge of lead underpotential deposition (UPD) was studied by chronocoulometry. On the rotating silver disk electrode (Ag-RDE), the monolayer charge of UPD lead could reaches steady state at different Pb2+ concentration levels by changing reduction time of UPD Pb2+ . A supporting electrolyte solution of 0.01 mol/L HNO3 + 0.01 mol/L NaCl was used. The steady state charge measured was 393.3 μC/cm2, which corresponded to a surface cover of 2 × 10-9 mol/cm2 Pb2+ on the electrode surface.

Objective To observe and compare the antiemetic effectiveness and adverse effects of magnetotherapy plus the 5 -hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3 ) receptor inhibitor granisetron hydrochloride with that of granisetron hydrochloride alone with chemotherapy patients. Methods Sixty-four patients were randomized to receive either granisetron hydrochloride alone ( control group: granisetron hydrochloride 3 mg intravenous infusion before chemotherapy, from the 1st day of chemotherapy until the day after the chemotherapy course was completed) or magnetotherapy plus granisetron hydrochloride ( treatment group: the same granisetron hydrochloride regimen plus rotatory magnetotherapy of 1 h/time every day after chemotherapy). The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. The patients' emesia was evaluated according to the WHO's criteria. The density of 5-HT, in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA). Results In terms of acute vomiting, there was no significant difference between the two groups, but in terms of tardive vomiting, the effectiveness in the treatment group was significantly better than in the control group. The densities of S-HT, in serum in the treatment and the control group were (225.32±57.29 ) ng/ml vs (213.00±53.29 ) ng/ml before chemotherapy and (273.88±5.42) ng/ml vs ( 313.17±76.36 ) ng/ml after chemotherapy, a significant difference. The rates of adverse events were 36.36% and 48.39% respectively in the treatment group and control group, a difference which was not significant. Conclusions Magnetotherapy plus granisetron hydrochloride is more effective than granisetron hydrochloride alone, and the two therapies have a synergistic effect. Adverse events didn't rise in the treatment group.

Objective To investigate the effect of elemene on mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and caspase-8 in tumor tissues of mice bearing hepatoma H22.Methods Forty BALB/c mice models bearing hepatoma H22 were established by subcutaneous inoculating tumor cells.Forty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:model group,low-and high-elemene dosage groups,and cisplatin group.The tumors after executing mice were weighted.The mRNA expressions of TRAF6 and caspase-8 in tumor tissues were detected by quantitative real-time reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The dosage of elemene could inhibit tumor growth.The inhibition ratio of cancer in the low-and high-elemene dosage and cisplatin group was 24.2％,27.4％,and 28.2％,respectively.It reduced significantly tumor weights(P ＜0.01).Compared to the model group,the expression level of TRAF6 mRNA on tumors was decreased significantly,while the expression level of caspase-8 mRNA was increased significantly in the other groups(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The present results indicated that molecular mechanism of inhibition of liver cancer growth treated by elemene might be through down-regulating mRNA expressions of TRAF6 and caspase-8,promoting tumor cells apoptosis,and achieving the anti-tumor effect.

Purpose To explore the clinical value of131I-whole body scan (131I-WBS) and 18F-FDG PET/CT on the metastatic management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after operation.Materials and Methods Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) of 27 patients after DTC surgery was measured one day before131I therapy, and the patients underwent131I-WBS on 3-5 days after131I therapy. According to the results of Tg and 131I-WBS, all the patients were divided into 4 types as follows: type I: Tg (+),131I-WBS (-); type II: Tg (+),131I-WBS (+); type III: Tg (-),131I-WBS (+); and type IV: Tg (-), 131I-WBS (-). Then the patients received18F-FDG PET/CT scan within a week after 131I-WBS. The results of131I-WBS and18F-FDG PET/CT scan were analyzed according to histopathologic findings or clinical and imaging follow-up of at least 6 months as diagnosis standard.Results The examinations uncovered that metastasis occurred in 52 lesions of 22 cases out of the 27 cases.131I-WBS revealed 24 metastatic lesions (46.2%) in 8 cases (36.4%), and18F-FDG PET/CT showed 35 metastatic lesions (67.3%) in 15 cases (68.2%), the difference with statistic significance (χ2=4.46 and 4.74,P<0.05). Metastasis were confirmed in 13 type I cases (100.0%); 5 type II cases (100.0%); 3 type III cases (100.0%) and 1 type IV case (16.7%), respectively. The rate of detecting metastasis by 18F-FDG PET/CT was 100.0% in type I, 20.0% in type II, 0% in type III respectively, the difference with statistic significance (χ2=9.14 and 10.11,P<0.05); and 100.0% in type IV, the difference without statistic significance (χ2=1.25,P>0.05). Based on that, therapeutic plans were modified for 13 patients with type I metastasis and 1 patient with type IV metastasis.Conclusion131I-WBS and18F-FDG PET/CT are complementary for detecting metastatic lesion and help to decide the following treatment of DTC patients after surgery. Moreover,18F-FDG PET/CT shows advantages in detecting metastatic lesion in Tg-positive and negative131I-WBS type of DTC patients after surgery, thus can provide an important clinical guidance for this type of patients.

Objective: To investigate the intervention of Shiquan Dabu Decoction (SQDBD) in the protein expression of VEGF. Methods: 50 C57BL/6 mice inoculated with lewis lung cancer were randomly divided into five groups and treated by different drugs. The ratio of antitumorand and antimetastatic of each group were calculated after 15 days’ treatment. The expression of VEGF was detected by SABC immunohistochemical method. Results: Low, medium and high dosages of SQDBD had the function of antitumor and antimetastusi at different extent. SQDBD could inhibit the positive expression of VEGF protein. Conclusion: Inhibition of the expression of VEGF protein is possibly one of the mechanisms of SQDBD in antitumor.

Objective To investigate the pathogens,drug resistance and outcomes of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis in our peritoneal dialysis(PD) centers. Method Data including clinical manifestations,pathogens,treatment,outcome of 93 CAPD cases with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis in our peritoneal dialysis(PD) centers were retrospectively analyzed.Results Dialysate culture of 75cases was positive with a positive rate of 80.2％,including 45 cases of gram-positive cocci,21cases of gram-negative bacilli,2 cases of fungi and 5 cases of mixed infection.Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common gram-positive cocci.All the gram-positive cocci were sensitive to vancomycin,but the resistance rate to cefazolin was 60.0％ with an increasing tendence year by year.Resistance rate of gram-negative bacilli to ceftazidime was 46.1％.All the gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to imipenem.The withdraw rate of CAPD was 17.2％(16/93) because of peritonitis. Noobviousside-effectofperitonealadministrationofvancomycinwasfound.Conclusions Gram-positive cocci are major pathogens in CAPD-related peritonitis.Now cefasolin is not suitable for the empiric initial treatment.Peritoneal administration of vancomycin should be recommended for peritonitis caused by gram-positive cocci.

Objective To report experience of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with Endurant stent-graft for abdominal aortic aneyrysm. Methods Between May,2010 and May,2011,19 patients underwent EVAR with Endurant stent-graft at Department of Vascular Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Clinical and morphological characteristics, operative result, peri-operative complications and follow-up data were reported. Results Procedures were successful in all these 19 cases,among those 9 were with complicated anatomical alterations.There were no type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ endoleak found immediately after procedure,while 4 cases were found with type Ⅱ endoleak. Major adverse event during the 30-days after operation included:consumption coagulopathy,myocardial infarction combined with heart failure,wound infection or hematoma.All cases were followed-up from 1 to 12 months. No death occurred.Eight cases had at least one CT angiography.Five cases showed aneurysm shrink,the remaining 3 cases showed aneurysm diameter did not change.One case suffered from occlusion of unilateral iliac limb artery obliteration,and was treated by fem-fem graft bypass.One case had secondary type Ⅰ B endoleak,without increase of aneurysm diameter. Conclusions EVAR with Endurant stent-graft is safe and effective.Some complicated anatomic cases could be treated successfully with Endurant stent-graft.

Objective To discuss the strategies of prevention and treatment for complications of endovascular therapy in aortoiliac artery occlusive disease.Methods 220 cases who received endovascular interventions with aortoiliac artery occlusive disease were retrospectively reviewed from June 2012 to June 2014.Among these patients,189 cases were males.The age was between 46 to 85yrs and the average age was 64yrs.Results The overall technique success rate was 97.2％.Nine procedure-related major complications requiring additional endovascular or surgical treatment were encountered in 7 patients including 2 acute in-stent thrombosis,1 iliac artery rupture,1 distal embolism,and 5 puncture associated complications (2 acute artery thrombosis,1 arteriovenous fistula,1 hematoma,1 artery dissection).8 cases improved after second endovascular or remedial open surgery,among those 4 cases were managed by endovascular interventions including 2 catheter directed thrombolysis,1 cover-stent implantation and 1 balloon-based angioplasty,4 patients received open surgery including 3 thrombectomies,1 hematoma cleating.After 22 months follow-up,the primary patency,assistant-primary patency and secondary patency was respectively 90.8％,92.1％ and 99.2％.Conclusions More attentions should be paid to the complications of endovascular therapy in aortoiliac artery occlusive disease.Helpful to prevent these complications are a comprehensive evaluation of the lesions,and individualized surgical plan prior to the operations,and a careful intraoperative management.

Objective To evaluate the role of spiral CT in initial diagnosis and following up detection for patients with thoracic sarcoidosis.Methods 25 patients with thoracic sarcoidosis which had complete data were analyzed retrospectively.Radiography and CT were performed in all cases.The diagnostic accuracy of two methods were statistically compared.Results The diagnostic accuracy of CT in initial detection of thoracic sarcoidosis was 64%.Among the misdiagnosed patients,5 cases were misdiagnosed as lymphoma(n=5) and the else were misdiagnosed as thoracic tuberculosis(n=1) and metastatic tumors(n=3).Conclusion As well as it's significance in following up period,the advantage of CT in determining the diagnosis of thoracic sarcoidosis is conspicuous.CT also can be used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.

BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis animal models induced by papain are commonly used for studying osteoarthritis.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the morphology of articular cartilage surface during early osteoarthritis process in rats induced by papain and L-cysteine under scanning electron microscope.
METHODS:The right knees of Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0.15 mL mixed solution of 2%papain and 0.03 mol/L L-cysteine in the ratio of 2:1. The left knees were given injections of 0.15 mL 0.9%NaCl, as the control group. Another two rats (four knees) maintained untreated, as the normal control group. Al the rats were observed with scanning electron microscope at 2, 4, 6 weeks after injection, to explore the surface morphology of medial condyle of femur.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The condyles of normal and control groups revealed numerous shal ow pits on the surface of articular cartilage. At 2 weeks after injection, the surfaces of condyles were unsmooth, presenting the shrinkage and distortion. The thinner articular cartilage and local tiny cracks were seen at 4 weeks. The deep and great cracks and cartilage defect were observed on the surface of cartilage at 6 weeks. The time of 4-6 weeks is a reference point for establishing early osteoarthritis model in rats through injections of 2%papain and 0.03 mol/L L-cysteine.