BACKGROUND:In the condition of exercise physiology, adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel plays an important role in many aspects, such as regulation of coronary artery tension, exercise-induced myocardial protection effect and delay of skeletal muscle fatigue. OBJECTIVE:To review and investigate the role of KATP in exercise in order to provide theoretical reference for understanding mechanism underlying exercise regulation of body’s metabolism. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed and VIP databases was performed for articles related to molecular structure, biological function and regulatory role of KATP as wel as correlation of KATP with coronary artery, myocardium, skeletal muscle fatigue and exercise ability published from January 1991 to June 2014. The keywords were “KATP channels; adenosine triphosphate; sports; myocardium; ion channels” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finaly, 42 relevant articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Coupling with celular energy metabolism and cel membrane excitability, KATP channel is one of the effectors for myocardial protection in response to various physiological and pathological stresses. Prolonged endurance training can increase the expression of skeletal muscle and myocardial KATP, which may be an adaptive performance of the myocardium and skeletal muscle in response to exercise stress. KATP may participate in regulation of coronary blood flow. Myocardial KATP plays an important protective role for aleviating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by exercise. When skeletal muscle fatigue occurs, the activation of KATP is helpful to prevent muscle fiber damage and cel death due to excessive consumption of ATP, in favor for the fast recovery from fatigue. The relation between KATP and exercise ability stil needs further research.

Objective To investigate the effects of CD147/MMP-9 pathway on early left ventricular remodeling Methods 30 healthy eight-week male SHR were divided into 3 groups (n = 10 for each group). SHR group received tail vein injections of normal saline weekly; CD147 group received CD147 of 600 ng·kg-1 weekly; and CD147+DOX group received CD147 of 600 ng/kg weekly and intragastric administration of DOX ( doxycycline ) of 30 mg/kg daily . 10 healthy eight-week male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY group) were treated as SHR group. Echocardiography, myocardial sections microscopy examination (HE and VG stain), and Western blot (for assessing levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, CD147, and collagen I and Ⅲin myocardial tissues) were performed on day 56. Left ventricular weight index (LVWI)was measured and calculated. Collagen volume fractions (CVF) were obtained by image analysis. Results As compared with WKY group , levels of CD147 , MMP-9 , and MMP-9/TIMP-1 were lower but TIMP-1 and collagenⅠand Ⅲ were significantly higher in SHR group. The abundance of CD147 and MMP-9 protein and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 were obviously increased in CD147 group than in SHR group (P < 0.05). Levels of CD147, MMP-9, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 did no differ between CD147+DOX group and CD147 group. LVWI and contents of collagenⅠand Ⅲ were obviously declined in CD147 group as compare with SHR group. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy , partial myocardial fibre rupture , myocyte dissolution and fuzzy myocardial fibre boundaries , more abundant of collagen fibers, and higher CVF were found in SHR group. Cardiac fibrosis was significantly improved after CD147 intervention, but the action was suppressed as DOX was administrated simultaneously. Conclusions Early ventricular remodeling may be involved in the inhibition of CD147/MMP-9 pathway in SHR. Input of CD147 to upregulate the pathway can improve the remodeling.

Objective: To understand the symptoms of depression and anxiety among rural returning adolescents and to analyze their association with physical activity related factors, so as to provide reference for interventions targeting depression and anxiety symtoms in the population. Methods: From April to June 2020, 3 495 middle school students were selected from 6 counties and districts of Shangrao City by random cluster stratified sampling sampling. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to evaluate the depressive and anxiety symptoms among middle school students. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess their physical activity levels during the past week. Chi square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to determine the strength of the association between depression and anxiety symptoms and physical activity related factors in returning and non returning adolescents as well as the overall population. Results: Univariate analysis showed significant differences in the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms between rural returning and non returning adolescents and the overall population in terms of "type of school" "family economic situation" "parental occupation" "number of sports classes per week" and "level of physical activity per week" ( χ 2=78.21, 16.56, 135.44, 107.75, 7.10, 8.62; 97.94, 24.26 , 124.07, 90.36, 9.60, 8.34, P <0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed a correlation between the occurrence of depression and the number of sports classes per week for rural returning and non returning adolescents and the overall population (number of sports classes per week for non returning was 2 times, OR=1.22, 95%CI =1.01-1.49; returning adolescents for 1 time, OR=1.85, 95%CI =1.06-3.23; the overall population for 1 time, OR=1.34, 95%CI =1.01-1.77 and 2 times, OR=1.20, 95%CI =1.01-1.43, P <0.05). There was a correlation between anxiety symptoms and the number of sports classes per week for returning adolescents (number of sports classes per week for returning adolescents was 1 time, OR=2.10, 95%CI=1.21-3.63, P < 0.05 ). Conclusion A low frequency of weekly sports classes may be a risk factor for depressive or anxiety symptoms in rural and returning adolescents. Rural primary and secondary schools should appropriately increase the number of physical education courses or arrange sports extended classes to promote the development of adolescent mental health.

Objective: To explore the association between interaction effects of dietary behaviors and caregivers s type on overweight or obesity among left-behind children, and to provide a reference for overweight or obesity prevention among the left-behind children. Methods: From October to December 2018, 877 left-behind children aged 7-18 years were randomly selected from a stratified cluster in county, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province.Type of caregives, dietary behavior, health status were collected from questionnaires, height, weight were examined. Results: The detection rate of overweight and obesity in left-behind children was 21.7%(190/877), and the rate of overweight and obese left-behind children with other foster parents was 29.8%(158/530), higher than the rate of 16.2%(32/198). The detection rate of overweight and obesity of left-behind children who consumed high level of western fast food was 59.0%(59/100). There were significant differences in rate of overweight and obesity by type of caregiver and western food consumption. Regression analysis showed that the detection rate of overweight and obesity of left-behind children who often ate western fast food was 5.70 times(95%CI=3.62-8.99) high than that of those who seldom ate western fast food. Interaction analysis showed that the interaction(synergistic effect) of the type of adopter × whether the adopter often ate western fast food(father or mother × yes) presents a positive multiplying interaction(synergistic effect). Left-behind children under paternal or maternal care together with high western fast food consumption greatly increased the risk of overweight and obesity(OR=6.94, 95%CI=2.76-17.44). Conclusion Frequent consumption of western fast food together with one parent stay at home is associated with overweight and obesity of left-behind children. These two factors have a synergistic effect, which greatly increases the risk of overweight and obesity of left-behind children. In other words, their interaction is a major risk factor.

BACKGROUND:Gut microbiota is closely related to host energy balance and metabolism.The metabolites of intestinal flora can regulate the occurrence and development of obesity and can be a new target for the prevention and treatment of obesity. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the interaction between the intestinal flora and obesity,as well as the specific mechanism underlying regulation of obesity by metabolites of intestinal flora,thereby providing a new reference and basis for the prevention and treatment of obesity. METHODS:"Intestinal microbiota,intestinal bacteria,intestinal microbiota metabolites,short-chain fatty acids,bile acids,ipopolysaccharide,trimethylamine N-oxide,medium-chain fatty acids,tryptophan derivatives,obesity"were used as search terms in Chinese and English.Literature related to obesity from 1990 to 2022 was retrieved in PubMed and CNKI databases.According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,88 articles were finally selected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Intestinal flora is closely related to the occurrence and development of obesity.For example,changes in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of obesity,and the occurrence of obesity can be delayed by the colonization of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium breve,Lactobacillus and Akkermansia.Intestinal flora is mainly mediated by the metabolites of intestinal flora to participate in the regulation of obesity.For example,short-chain fatty acid can regulate adipogenesis by regulating signaling pathways such as G protein-coupled receptors 41,43 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ,thus delaying the occurrence and development of obesity.Bile acids can increase insulin sensitivity and body energy expenditure by promoting the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 5 and farnesol X receptor.In addition,lipopolysaccharide,trimethylamine oxide,medium-chain fatty acids and tryptophan derivatives are also widely involved in the occurrence and development of obesity through various signaling pathways.Further studies have found that metabolites of the same bacterial community exert heterogeneous effects in the specific process of regulating obesity via different signaling pathways.For example,under the influence of high-fat diet,acetic acids can activate the parasympathetic nervous system,leading to hyperphagia and liver insulin resistance and thus accelerating the physiological course of obesity.

BACKGROUND:Intestinal flora and its metabolites can participate in the pathological process of osteoporosis and play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.In addition,exercise can regulate the intestinal flora and thus affect the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the effects and mechanism of intestinal flora on osteoblasts,osteoclasts,and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,and the potential role of exercise-mediated intestinal flora in regulating osteoporosis. METHODS:"Intestinal flora,intestinal bacteria,metabolites of intestinal flora,bone metabolism,osteoporosis,exercise"were selected as keywords.Literatures from 1990 to 2023 were retrieved from PubMed and CNKI databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Changes in the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora and changes in the levels of intestinal flora metabolites such as trimethylamine oxide and bile acid can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.The imbalance of intestinal flora can lead to intestinal barrier dysfunction and excessive production of lipopolysaccharides and trimethylamine oxide,induce the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α and other inflammatory cytokines,activate the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway and aggravate oxidative stress,thus promoting osteoclast differentiation,inducing osteoblast apoptosis and affecting bone marrow mesenchymal cell migration.Remodeling intestinal flora homeostasis can inhibit inflammatory response,downregulate oxidative stress,inhibit osteoclast differentiation,promote osteoblast differentiation,and regulate the osteogenic migration of bone marrow mesenchymal cells to prevent and treat osteoporosis.Exercise can regulate intestinal flora homeostasis,improve intestinal barrier function,promote the secretion of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids,down-regulate serum lipopolysaccharide level,reduce oxidative stress,and then inhibit osteocyte apoptosis,inhibit osteoclast differentiation,promote osteoblast differentiation,and regulate osteocyte nutrient metabolism to exert the potential of preventing and treating osteoporosis.

Pulmonary blast injury has become the main type of trauma in modern warfare, characterized by externally mild injuries but internally severe injuries, rapid disease progression, and a high rate of early death. The injury is complicated in clinical practice, often with multiple and compound injuries. Currently, there is a lack of effective protective materials, accurate injury detection instrument and portable monitoring and transportation equipment, standardized clinical treatment guidelines in various medical centers, and evidence-based guidelines at home and abroad, resulting in a high mortality in clinlcal practice. Therefore, the Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized military and civilian experts in related fields such as thoracic surgery and traumatic surgery to jointly develop the Clinical treatment guideline for pulmonary blast injury ( version 2023) by combining evidence for effectiveness and clinical first-line treatment experience. This guideline provided 16 recommended opinions surrounding definition, characteristics, pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment, and in-hospital treatment of pulmonary blast injury, hoping to provide a basis for the clinical treatment in hospitals at different levels.