Hospitals, obliged to resort to marketing as a result of changing external environment, ought to take the concept of patient-centered marketing as the core of their marketing activities. They can better meet the needs of patients by making their marketing plans more effective through market subdivision and target market selection. The features of medical service determine the role of credit in the evaluation of medical service. Differentiation, two major methods of which are service quality and brand creation, is a means of avoiding price war, over-competition and vicious competition while positioning refers to patients' understanding and the goal of a hospital's differentiation.

Objective:It is important to make sure hyperbaric oxygen chamber safe and stable for its generalized and high risk.Methods: The gas path, control system and operation of hyperbaric oxygen chamber should be maintained timing based on quality management and clinical using requirement.Results: Medical engineering technicians and clinical use of personnel to cooperate with each other, from the regular inspection, personnel management and preventive maintenance to make sure the safety use of hyperbaric oxygen chamber.Conclusion: Making relative system and emergence plan, strengthening train to users and strict management can make its used safe.

Objective To assess the methods and points of transvaginal ultrasound - guided partly microwave ablation (MWA) on polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). Methods 22 patients with PCOS underwent transvaginal ultrasound - guided MWA with 18G PTC needle on part of ovarian interstitium. Results The one - shot achievement of earlier period ratio was 20% with 5 cases. The other 17 cases underwent injecting 400ml normal saline or pressure on inferior belly. Then the one - shot achievement ratio was 81.2% . The average puncture time was respectively 3.8 and 1.7. Conclusion Transvaginal ultrasound -guided puncture on polycystic ovary appears realtime and safe with little complications. Also it can improve the puncture achievement ratio by better means.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of adipose tissue-derived stem cells(ADSCs) as the seeding cells of skin engineering for skin defect repair. Methods :Adipose tissues were isolated from a SD rat groin, the fat was cut and incubated in a collagenase solution, and then the ADSCs were cultivated in culture medium. The amplified cells in vitro were inoculated in collagen gel to form tissue engineered skin. Fifteen SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: experimental group was treated with ADSCs collagen tissue engineered active skin substitute, and single collagen and blank were served as two control groups. The materials were grafted onto total skin defect wounds on the back of rats in the corresponding group respectively. The effect of wound repair was observed histologically. Results:The time of wound healing in the ADSCs and collagen experimental group, the single collagen control group and the blank control group were (14.3?1.7) days,(16.9?2.5)days,and (21.2?4.2)days respectively, and showed significant differences(P

Objective To know the situation of the water environment in the Eling Lake Area and provide the theoretical basis for protecting the biosystem of this area. Methods The water samples were collected from the sites 0.5 meters below the water surface of input and output water area, the water area near the east and west bank of the Eling Lake, the center of the lake, and also from the sites 0.5 meters above the bottom of the lake .The water sampling was carried out in August 2005, October 2005 and May 2006. Country standard method was used to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of water samples. The sampling, determination and evaluation in the investigation were according to related standard regulations. Results The water temperature was 5.6 ℃, pH value was 8.49, the total amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+, suspended matter, chlorides, sulfate, DO, COD, BOD5, Cu2+ and Zn2+ were 95.4 mg/L, 87.0 mg/L, 45.0 mg/L, 80.0 mg/L, 7.1mg/L, 11.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L, 0.002 mg/L and 0.009 mg/L respectively. Conclusion All of the physical and chemical characteristics of the water samples meet the water quality criterion of the class ruled by GB 3838-2002, and the water can be used as source water.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the long-term toxicity of repeated intramuscular injection of Escherichia coli O157∶H7 polysaccharide-conjugated vaccine(O157) in rats so as to provide safety evidence for clinical trials.METHODS:A total of 48 SD rats were randomly assigned to receive either 0.5 mL vaccine(containing 25 ?g polysaccharides) (immunization group,n=24) or phosphate buffered solution (PBS,control group,n=24) with the same volume for 3 times at a dose interval of two weeks.Sacrifice of 6 rats in each group were scheduled at 2 weeks after first immunization,and at 1,3,and 5 weeks after the third immunization,respectively for observation and determination of hematological and biochemical parameters,histopathology,specific antibody,myeloid tissue,the tissues in injection sites,etc.RESULTS:Compared with control group,immunization group showed no significant pathological change except the dynamic regular change of some hematological parameters induced by the immunization,and no immunologic system damage was observed.CONCLUSION:Repeated intramuscular injection with O157 vaccine in rats wouldn't cause overt toxicity and local irritation.

Objective: To observe the biocompatibility of acellular nerve scaffold (ANS) via three sterilization methods, to provide experimental data for tissue engineering industrialization. Methods: Pig sciatic nerves were cut and treated using the NaOH maceration method. ANSs were sterilized by ethylene oxide, ~(60)Co-irradiation and peracetic acid. Evaluated the biocompatibility by MTT, cellular compatibility test, collagenase susceptibility test in vitro and local implantation test. Results: ANS retained the integrity of structure and major components of the basement membrane. The result of MTT test showed that the ANSs via different sterilization methods had statistical differences. There were no overall significant differences in Collagenase susceptibility test. Scanning electron microscope results showed the skin fibroblasts could attach, proliferate and grow well on the surface and holes of ANS with sterilization of PAA and Co~(60),a small quantity of cells adhered on ANS with sterilization of ETO. Tests for local effects after implantation show that different sterilization methods don't effect the ability of ANS to resist the enzyme degradation. In ETO group, rats showed an acute inflammatory response followed by chronic inflammation. In PAA and ~(60)Co group rats showed an acute inflammatory response that diminished such that the graft ultimately became indistinguishable from native tissue, observations that were consistent with graft acceptance. Conclusion: Peracetic acid sterilization offers a convenient alternative protocol for ANS processing. ANS sterilized with PAA shows good compatibility and biologic safety. It is an ideal sterilization method for ANS.

Objective To study the histopathological characteristics and the correlations between the cortical tissues from ictal discharge (ID) area and interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) area in epilepsy patients due to focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), in order to further discuss the mechanism of epileptogenicity. Methods Twenty-two subjects who underwent epilepsy surgeries consecutively in our institute since April 2005 to August 2006. All patients underwent intracranial electrode implantations and long-term video-EEG monitoring before the resective surgeries and the postoperative pathologies proved to be FCD. According the long-term EEG monitoring results, the cortex with intense IED and the cortex with ID onset were resected separatively in the operation for further histopathologic studies. Twenty cases were collected. Based on the Palimini' s pathologic subtype classification for FCD as well as quantificational scoring for immunocytochemistry for the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) which we designed by ourself, the specimens of IED and ID were studied and compared. Results The resected specimens from 20 cases were examed. ID specimens showed more severe abnormalities in the laminar cortical architecture, alterations in the morphology of neurons and in the appearance of abnormal balloon cells. With the PV quantificational scoring, we found significant difference between IED (6.4±2.1) and ID (4.4±1.8) from FCD Ⅱ specimens (P=0.042). No difference was found between ID subtypes (F=2.734, P=0.093 ). Conclusions ID cortical area showed more severe abnormalities in histopathologic changes than lED area. Our results suggested that the ID area of FCD had more severe damage in inhibitory synaptic circuits and neural networks, which meant it was more epileptogenic than IED. No difference was identified between each ID subtype in term of epileptogenicity, which meant all of them should be resected during the surgery.

Objective To investigate the specific activity of 24Na per unit neutron fluence,AB/Φ,in blood produced for Chinese reference man irratiaded by 252Cf neutron source,and to analyze the effects of scattering neutrons from ground,wall,and ceiling in irradiation site on it.MethodsA 252Cf neutron source of 3 × 108 n/s and the anthropomorphic phantom were used for experiments.The phantom was made from 4 mm thick of outer covering by perspex and the liquid tissue-equivalent substitute in it.The data of phantom dimensions fit into Chinese reference man.The weight ratios of H,N,O and C in substitute equal from source to long axis of phantom were 1.1,2.1,3.1 and 4.1 m,respectively.Both the neutron source and the position of xiphisternum of the phantom were 1.6 m above the floor.ResultsThe average specific activity of 24Na per unit neutron fluence was related to the irradiation-distances,d,and its The AB/ΦM corresponds to that of phantom irradiated by plane-parallel beams,and the value is about more 3% than that by BOMAB phantom reported in literature.It has shown that floor-( wall-)scattered neutrons in irradiation site have significant contribution to the specific activity of 24Na ,but they contributed relatively little to the induced neutron doses.Consequently,using the specific activity of 24 Na for assessing accidental neutron doses received by an individual,the contribution of scattered neutrons in accident site will lead dose to be overestimated,and need to be correct.

To explore the pathogenicity of VEG strain Toxoplasma gondii oocysts on China Kunming mice,T.gondii oocysts of ＜ 1 and 102-108 were chosen to feed the mice orally.And the modified agglutination test (MAT),H&E and IHC were used to check the infection of mice.The infection rate,the survival rate of mice,and number of cysts in brain were analyzed.Results showed that 100％ of the mice fed with ≥102 oocysts were infected,the minimum lethal dose was 102 oocysts and the 100％ lethal dose was 108 oocysts.The time of death in acute infection was 7 DPI to 14 DPI.T.gondii cysts formation rate was 32.14％ (9/28),and the number of cysts was 9 to 857 per mouse.The survival rate of infected mice was 67.44％ (29/43),and the longest survival time was more than 390 DPI.Accordingly,the virulence of T.gondii VEG strain is medium,and has a higher cysts formation rate.