Hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)is a pivotal transcription factor for hypoxic response.This article reviews the related characteristics of HIF-1 and its target genes vascular endothelial growth factor and the neuroprotective mechanisrms in cerebral ischemia.

Objective To evaluation the value of fusion images of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE MRI) with transrectal ultrasound(TRUS) and conventional TRUS in prostate biopsy for prostate cancer.Methods The clinical data of 127 patients suspected as early-stage prostate cancer were retrospectively analyzed.79 patients underwent prostate biopsy guided by conventional TRUS(group A).48 patients underwent prostate biopsy guided by fusion images of DCE MRI with TRUS(group B).Then the diagnostic rates,puncture times and complications in the two groups were compared.Results The cases with confirmed prostate cancer were 31 in group A and 22 in group B.The first time diagnostic rates of biopsy were 20.2％(16/79) in group A,and 39.3％ (19/48) in group B respectively(P ＜0.05).The first time sensivity,specifity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of biopsy were 51.6 ％,100 ％,100％,77.4％ in group A and 86.3％,100％,100％,89.6％ in group B.Puncture times was 15.40 ± 4.67 and 13.01 ± 3.87 respectively.The Gleason score was 6.21 ± 0.91 and 6.35 ± 0.81 respectively.The complication rates were 19.0％(15/79) in group A and 12.5％(6/48)in group B.Conclusions For patients with earlystage prostate cancer,the combination of DCE-MRI and TRUS to guide transrectal prostate biopsy was recommended.It showed an increase in the first time diagnostic rate of biopsy while a reduction in the times and complications of prostated biopsy.

Objective:To investigate the functions of the ITSN1-S SH3 domains in U87 glioblastoma cell proliferation and to de-termine the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: A recombinant lentiviral vector with an mGFP label was constructed. EH1-EH2, EH1-EH2-CC, and ITSN1-S genes were amplified using polymerase chain reaction and then cloned into recombinant lenti-viral vectors. The four lentiviral plasmids were packaged using HEK 293T cells and subsequently used to infect U87 cells. Stable cells were screened using puromycin and separately labeled as vector/U87, EH1-EH2/U87, EH1-EH2-CC/U87, and ITSN1-S/U87. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of each protein. Proliferation and soft agar assays were performed to detect cell proliferation. Results:In the proliferation and soft agar assays, the proliferation capacity of the ITSN1-S/U87 cells was clearly enhanced compared with those of the vector/U87, EH1-EH2/U87, and EH1-EH2-CC/U87 cells (P<0.05). Moreover, the proliferation capacity of the latter three groups showed no observable difference (P>0.05). On the 6th day, the vector/U87, EH1-EH2/U87, EH1-EH2-CC/U87, and ITSN1-S/U87 cell numbers were (29.16 ± 1.19) × 104, (22.82 ± 0.94) × 104, (22.17 ± 0.90) × 104, and (21.93 ± 1.15) × 104, respectively. On the 21st day, the number of colony formation in vector/U87, EH1-EH2/U87, EH1-EH2-CC/U87, and ITSN1-S/U87 was (6.37±0.41)×103, (2.65±0.34)×103, (2.23±0.31)×103, and (2.1±0.29)×103, respectively . Conclusion:ITSN1-S overexpression significantly promotes U87 cell proliferation. Specifically, the SH3 domains possibly serve vital functions in glioma cell proliferation.

Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is a specific protein that transports water molecules through the cell membrane. AQP1 mainly ex-presses in the choroid plexus epithelial cells of the central nervous system and participates in the formation of cerebrospinal fluid. In gli-omas, AQP1 expresses in neoplastic astrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. AQP1 expression is increased in parallel with histological grade in gliomas. AQP1 expression in gliosarcoma cell line is induced by dexamethasone, platelet-derived growth factor, sodium chlo-ride, hypoxia, D-glucose, and fructose. AQP1 mRNA expression is upregulated with increasing dosage. Through the expression of AQP1 in gliomas and the existing research on its function, we suggest that AQP1 may participate in tumor angiogenesis and tumor-relat-ed edema. AQP1 is closely associated with glioma cell migration. The function of AQP1 and its mechanism has been elucidated. Thus, this protein can be used as a new therapeutic target to inhibit the metastasis and recurrence of gliomas.

To explore the pathogenicity of VEG strain Toxoplasma gondii oocysts on China Kunming mice,T.gondii oocysts of ＜ 1 and 102-108 were chosen to feed the mice orally.And the modified agglutination test (MAT),H&E and IHC were used to check the infection of mice.The infection rate,the survival rate of mice,and number of cysts in brain were analyzed.Results showed that 100％ of the mice fed with ≥102 oocysts were infected,the minimum lethal dose was 102 oocysts and the 100％ lethal dose was 108 oocysts.The time of death in acute infection was 7 DPI to 14 DPI.T.gondii cysts formation rate was 32.14％ (9/28),and the number of cysts was 9 to 857 per mouse.The survival rate of infected mice was 67.44％ (29/43),and the longest survival time was more than 390 DPI.Accordingly,the virulence of T.gondii VEG strain is medium,and has a higher cysts formation rate.

A total of 218 patients on chemotherapeutic regimens containing oxaliplatin were randomly divided into experimental (n =120) and control (n =98) groups.The experimental group received an intravenous infusion of lipoic acid plus sodium potassium magnesium calcium and glucose injection.The control group had only normal saline.Overall incidence of neurotoxicity and toxicity grade of peripheral nerve were observed after 4,8 and 12 cycles.Those with neurotoxic symptoms were followed up for 1 year.No significantly statistical difference existed in the incidence of peripheral neurotoxicity after 4,8 cycles (P ＞0.05).After 12 cycles,31 patients in the experimental group had an onset of neurotoxicity of grade3 (n=8,6.7％) &grade4 (n=0) versus21 cases of grade3 (n=21,21.4％) and grade4 (n=5,5.1％) in the control group.Statistically significant differences existed between grades 3 and 4 neurotoxicity (P ＜0.05).After 1 year of follow-up,the incidence of grade 1 of neurotoxicity was 2.5％ (n =3) in the experimental group versus 23.7％ (n =9) in the control group.And the inter-group difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Lipoic acid plus sodium potassium magnesium,calcium and glucose injection can effectively prevent the occurrences of acute and chronic peripheral neurotoxicity associated with oxaliplatin.

Objective:To explore the expression of aquaporin1 (AQP1) in human glioma tissues and its relationship with the clini-copathological parameters and prognosis of this tumor. This study also observed the function of AQP1 in the proliferation and invasion of LN229 glioblastoma cells. Methods:The expression of AQP1 in 135 cases of glioma was detected by immunohistochemical meth-od, and the correlation between AQP1 and pathological features of glioma was analyzed. The relationship of AQP1 with survival was al-so investigated using 103 specimens with complete clinical data. AQP1 was successfully transfected into LN229 cells with lentiviral vector, and the expression of AQP1 protein was tested by Western blot. Cell proliferation was detected by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazo-lium assay, whereas cell invasion was determined by Transwell assay. Results:The expression of AQP1 was positively correlated with pathological grading. High AQP1 expression was associated with poor prognosis (P<0.05). Moreover, the overexpression of AQP1 can significantly increase the proliferation and invasion of LN229 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion:AQP1 is closely associated with the progres-sion of glioma. Upregulation of the AQP1 expression promoted the proliferation and metastasis of glioma cells. These findings indicat-ed that AQP1 can function as a therapeutic target for glioma in future research.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, pedicle internal fixation, spinal canal decompression and bone graft fusion have been used in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis complicated by lumbar spinal stenosis and have achieved good results, which increase the fusion rate. However, there is a large difference between the therapeutic effects of different surgical methods. OBJECTIVE:To contrast the repair effect of posterior and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion on degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis complicated by lumbar spinal stenosis. METHODS:Forty patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis complicated by lumbar spinal stenosis were enroled, including 11 males and 29 females, aged 56-74 years. Al patients received the combined treatment of pedicle internal fixation, spinal canal decompression and bone graft fusion. The 19 of 40 patients received posterior lumbar interbody fusion and the rest 21 patients underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Al the patients were folowed up for 6 months after treatment, and the visual analog scores, Oswestry function index, bone fusion rate, lumbar function score and complication occurrence were analyzed and
compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The visual analog scores and Oswestry function index were both improved significantly in the two groups at 6 months after treatment (P < 0.05). No difference was found in the bone fusion rate, visual analog scores and Oswestry function index between the two groups. But compared with the posterior lumbar interbody fusion group, the lumbar functional recovery and incidence of complications were better in the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that both posterior and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis complicated by lumbar spinal stenosis can achieve good results in the bone fusion rate, and however, the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion is better to protect the nerve root and dural sac and to promote lumbar functional recovery.

Objective To investigate the current status of treatment on traumatic ruptured spleen in a regional medical center in Tianjin,China.Method Logistic analysis of 16 impact ffactors of treatment decision on 147 patients with traumatic ruptured spleen.Results The type of trauma,pulse rate at admission,result of abdominal puncture and CT grade were related to treatment decision making.Splenectomy was carried out in 89 patients (60.54％) which accounted for 89.90％ of all surgical procedures.Splenectomy was carried out in 50.85％ of patients with CT grade 1 or 2 (or 85.71％ of grade 1 and 2 surgery),and 100％ of CT grade 3 or 4.Spleen preservation surgery was carried out in 7 patients with CT grade 1 or 2.Conclusion Splenectomy was carried out in most cases in this study.It is necessary to investigate the treatment of splenic trauma in regional medical centers,and to develop more reliable surgical techniques to carry out more spleen-preservation surgery ffor CT grade 1 or 2 ruptured spleen.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations of primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome (pSS)with peripheral neuropathies.Methods Eighty-six patients who fulfilled the 2002 American-European Consensus Group criteria for pSS were enrolled in the study.For each patient,medical data,including clinical,laboratory,immunologic and electromyography data were collected and analyzed.The clinical manifestations of primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome were compared between patients with and without peripheral neuropathy.Statistical methods used were t-test,chi-square test and Logistic regression.Results Eighty-six patients were analyzed,and neurological involvement was noted in 26％ (22/86) patients.The clinical spectrum of peripheral neuropathies encountered in Sj(o)gren's syndrome patients was wide,with sensory neuropathies being the most common.Median nerve,peroneal nerve and sural nerve were the most likely involved,and lower limb involvement accounted for 73％ (16/22).Peripheral neuropathy was diagnosed during the Sj(o)gren's syndrome course in all patients,and about 45％ patients' neurological involvement were diagnosed early in the course of the disease.The frequency of Raynaud's phenomenon was significantly higher (32％ vs 5％,P=0.002) as well as acroanesthesia (68％ vs 5％,P＜0.01) in pSS with peripheral neurological involvement than in pSS without peripheral neuropathy.The median values of EULAR Sj(o)gren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) were 5.3 (range 2.8-7.8) and 3.4 (range 1.5-5.3) in the PNS and non-PNS groups respectively (P＜0.01).We found a significant rise of peripheral neuropathy risk associated with Raynaud's phenomenon (relative risk 9.489,95％CI 2.191-41.093,P=0.003) and ESSDAI (relative risk 1.528,95％CI 1.179-1.979,P=0.001).Elevated titers of rheumatoid factor (P=0.023) and ANA (P=0.003) were common in patients with peripheral neuropathy.Conclusion Peripheral neuropathy is not a rare manifestation of pSS.Neurological involvement can be diagnosed early in the course of the disease.Raynaud's phenomenon and high disease activity may be the risk factors for peripheral neuropathy.