Objective To evaluate the heating ability of thermoseeds in alternating magnetic field and its therapeutic effects on tumor bearing rats with simultaneously detected immune function. Methods To monitor the temperature increase of thermoseeds in vitro,of which the Curie point was 57 ℃ or 70 ℃.Forty Wistar rats implanted with Walker-256 cells were randomly divided into five groups: C group(control group,10 rats),M group(magnetic control group,5 rats),T group(thermoseeds control group,5 rats) and two heating treatment groups(H1 group,10 rats and H2 group,10 rats).In the H1 group,two thermoseeds with a Curie point at 57 ℃ were implanted into the tumor tissues in each rat with a heating time of 30 minutes,while in the H2 group,two thermoseeds with a Curie point at 70 ℃ were used with a heating time of 6 minutes.Five rats from each group were killed 9 days after the heating therapy to evaluate the volume and weight of the tumor tissues.The peripheral blood T-cells were counted in the rest rats in the H1,H2,and C groups. Results Magnetic inductive heating of the thermoseeds in vitro can reach the Curie point.The median tumor volume in the H2 group was 0.50 cm3(0.00-26.54),which was significantly lower than that in the M group(36.18 cm3,0.96-39.90,Z=2.21,P=0.032).And the weight of the tumors in the H1 and H2 groups was significantly lower than that in the M group [0.96 g(0.00-21.18) in H1 and 0.41 g(0.00-23.40) in H2 vs 31.45 g(1.09-36.09) in M group,Z=2.21 and P=0.032 for both].In the peripheral blood,the percentage of CD4+ T-cells was(22.39?5.27)% in H1 group,and(24.76?5.19)% in H2 group,which were significantly higher than that in C group [(12.07?4.45)%,P=0.01 and 0.003 respectively];and the percentage of CD8+ T-cells in the H2 group was significantly higher than that in the C group [(19.58?4.63)% vs(12.72?3.96)%,P=0.04].Conclusions Thermoseed had a good heating ability in alternating magnetic field and its inductive heating can inhibit tumor growth in Wistar rats and improve the immune function of the rats.

First recorded in Huangdi Neijing, "drinking little but urinating much" is the main symptom of "Feixiao", of which the pathogenesis is heart transferring cold to lung. Many later traditional Chinese medicine doctors have worked and brought different expositions on the disease's name, "Shangxiao", "Xiaxiao", "Feixiao" or "Shenxiao" are used respectively. In regard to the pathogenesis, dryness-fire, simultaneous occurrence of cold and heat or deficiency-cold are supposed to be the main properties of the disease, while heart, lung, liver, and kidney are the core disease locations. For example, YU Jiayan emphasized "dryness-heat in heart and lung", ZHENG Qin'an advocated "wind-fire of Jueyin", ZHANG Congzheng expounded "cold with heat in the heart and lung", LOU Ying revealed "cold with heat in the lung and kidney", and HUANG Yuanyu proposed " cold in kidney with dampness in spleen". By analyzing the theories of different schools of traditional Chinese medicine and related prescriptions or herbs and medical records, "drinking little but urinating much" could be attributed to "Shenxiao", and "deficiency-cold in lung and kidney" could be its basic pathogenesis, and meanwhile the cross-transmission of zang-fu viscera, intermingled deficiency and excess as well as inter-transformation between cold and heat should be considered adequately. This paper summarizes and sorts out the theories of "Xiao" disease in ancient literature, so as to provide new ideas for the modern prevention and treatment of diabetes.

A systematic review of the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） literatures published over the past decade on blood glucose fluctuations in diabetes mellitus was conducted to summarize related TCM research progress of theories and prescriptions， so as to provide references for future TCM theoretical exploration， basic research， and clinical prevention and treatment. Blood glucose fluctuation is an independent risk factor for chronic complications of diabetes mellitus， with significant progress made in TCM theories and prescription studies targeting this condition. The TCM theories include "spleen-pancreas homology"， "liver controlling dispersion"， "small intestine transforming qi and separating purity from turbidity"， "Yi Qi Zhou Liu theory"， "Xuan Fu Qi Ye theory"， "Yin-fire theory" and so on， all of which emphasize "Qi". Prescription studies primarily utilize clinical trials， which evaluate plentiful indexes of blood glucose fluctuation such as the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion. Classical and self-formulated prescriptions are widely used， with various dosage forms such as decoctions， granules and capsules. "Qi-Yin deficiency" is the main syndrome of blood glucose fluctuation. Basic research focuses on mechanisms that improve blood glucose fluctuation and reduce chronic complications， such as the renin-angiotensin system regulating islet β cell's function， and the transforming growth factor-β₁ inhibiting organ fibrosis. However， there are still some deficiencies in the evidential support and syndrome study of TCM theories， in the high-level evidence-based evaluation， efficacy comparison among multiple dosage forms， and the integration of TCM theories with prescription's clinical research， in the quantities， multi-level verifications， blood glucose fluctuation model establishment and intervention criteria as well as prescription-syndrome correspondence of prescription's basic research， and in the collaboration between clinical and basic research. Despite these challenges， TCM offers a promising approach to improving blood glucose fluctuation and reducing chronic complications in diabetes mellitus， with its rich theories， diverse methods， and proven efficacy.