Objective To evaluate the charateristics of biliary stricture after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) by ultrasound. Methods Diametes,thickness,characteristic echo of bile were observed by ultrasound in 41 patients with biliary stricture after OLT,and the results were compared with those of 46 patients without biliary complication after OLT.Results The diameter of intrahepatic bile,thickness of bile,incidence of intrahepatic bile dilation or hyperechogenicity in biliary stricture patiens were higher than those in patients without biliary complication,there were significant differences between two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions The series of ultrasonographic character such as bile dilation,thickeness or hyperechogenicity of biliary wall,thin of bile duct are available to diagnose biliary stricture.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation combined with homemade liquid fluorocarbon nanoparticles on cervical cancer in nude mice.Methods The cell experiment was divided into three groups:a,control group;b,HIFU group;c, HIFU + PFB nanoparticle group,and the viability of cells was detected using CCK-8 reagent.The mice were also divided into three groups:A,0.9% NaCI group;B,HIFU + 0.9% NaCI group;C,HIFU + PFB nanoparticle group. The tumors were removed and underwent triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining,and the necrosis area was measured.Histopathological changes of the tumors were examined by light microscopy.Results After HIFU irradiation,the viability rate of group c was (40.5 ±9.7)%,it was lower than that of group b (77.7 ±8.5)% (P <0.05) and that of group a(100 ±4.8)% (P <0.05). TTC staining of tumor showed a large scale of necrotic tissue in group C.The necrosis ratio of the three groups was 0%,(34.14±12.2)% and (65.97 ±25.1)%,respectively (P <0.05).HE staining showed karyorrhexis or an absence of nuclei in group B and group C,which demonstrated the coagulation necrosis. Conclusions HIFU ablation combined with liquid fluorocarbon nanoparticles can effectively treat the xenograft model of the human cervical carcinoma in nude mice.

Objective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of ischemie-type biliary lesion (ITBL) after liver transplantation. Methods Twenty-five liver transplantation recipients suspected with biliary complications were examined using CEUS. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography confirmed the diagnosis. The enhancement patterns of the thickened hilum bile duct wall were observed. Results Enhancement patterns of bile duct wall could be divided into 3 sorts:① No-enhancement, six cases, showed no-enhancement all along. ②Hypo-enhancing level, four cases, presented hypo-enhancing at arterial phase and persistent hypo- or no-enhancing until late phase. ③Hyper-enhaneing level,fifteen cases,appeared as hyper- or iso-enhancing at arterial phase and persistent iso- or hypo-enhancing until late phase. The enhancement pattern of bile duct wall showed significant difference ( P = 0.00). Thirteen ITBL patients included 10 cases ( 76.9 % ) with no- or hypo-enhaneement, 3 patients (23.1 % ) with hyper-enhancement. However, all of 12 non-ITBL cases appeared hyper-enhancing. Conclusions CEUS provides a new and effective method to estimate the microcirculation of the bile duct wall. It may be help to early diagnosis of ITBL.

Objective To investigate the application value of transperineal ultrasound in female urethras and pathological change of circum-urethras.Methods 403 female patients were examined by transperineal ultrasound in condition of resting and maximum Valsalva,female urethras and pathological changes of circum-urethras were observed and ultrasonic manifestation were concluded.Results By transperineal ultrasound the images of normal urethras and pathological change of circum-urethras were clearly discernible.403 female patients were examined,380 normal.18 urethral calcification,there was hyperecho stripe in urethras.2 urethral cyst,there was round anechoic area in circum-urethras and no fistula between round anechoic area with urethras.2 urethral diverticulum,there was round anechoic area in circumurethras and a fistula between round anechoic area with urethras.1 urethrovaginal fistula,there was irregular hypoechoic area between urethras with vagina,the irregular hypoechoic area both communicate with urethras and vagina.Conclusions Transperinealr ultrasound can be used for examination urethras and pathological change of circum-urethras in female patients and may provide more reliable information for clinical diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the application value of transperineal ultrasound in female patients with cystocele.Methods Transperineal ultrasound were performed in 36 female patients with cystocele and the bladder neck movement degrees (BND),retrovesical angle and the degree of urethral rotation were observed at maximum Valsalva.The ultrasonic manifestation of 36 female patients with cystocele were summarized.Results On maximal Valsalva bladder neck mobility all increased in 36 patients,32 patients with open retrovesical angle (≥140°) and 30 female patients with urethral rotation ≥ 45°.There were 6 cases with type Ⅰ,bladder neck was lower than inferoposterior margin of the symphysis pubis,cystocele with open retrovesical angle (≥140°) and urethral rotation ＜45°.There were 26 cases with type Ⅱ,bladder neck was lower than inferoposterior margin of the symphysis pubis,cystocele with open retrovesical angle (≥140°) and urethral rotation ≥45°.There were 4 cases with type Ⅲ,bladder was lower than inferoposterior margin of the symphysis pubis,cystocele with intact retrovesical angle (＜ 140°) and urethral rotation ≥45°.Conclusions The transperineal ultrasound can be used for classification of cystocele in female patients and which may provide more reliable information for clinical diagnosis.

Objective To study the repeatability and consistency of normal female pelvic floor structure using transperineal real‐time three‐dimensional ultrasound .Methods Forty‐two cases of normal adult female were evaluated by two different experience operator ,using the real‐time three‐dimensional ultrasound diagnostic apparatus .The bladder neck movement degrees and the levator hiatus area were observed after Valsalva condition .Differences between the groups were compared .Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ,the coefficient of variation (CV) and Bland‐Altman analysis of consistency were evaluated . Results The bladder neck movement degrees and the levator hiatus area measured by the experienced operator (operator 1) and less experienced operator(operator 2) were (18 4.8 ± 5 8.4)cm and (17 7.9 ± 5 4.8) cm ,(17 5.3 ± 3 9.5)cm2 and (17 3.1 ± 4 3.2)cm2 ,respectively .There was no significant difference between the two operators ( P > 0 0.5) .The intra‐ICC were 0 8.9 and 0 9.0 ,CV were 7 2.6% and 3 0.3% .Experienced operator repeatability (ICC= 0 9.9 ,0 9.4) was slightly higher than the less experienced researchers (ICC 0 9.2 ,0 8.1) .The analysis results of Bland‐Altman image showed good consistency between two different operators .Conclusions The current study proves real‐time three‐dimensional ultrasound is a reproducible method for female pelvic floor structure assessment ,and the reproducibility is very well .The detection performance of experienced operator slightly better than the one with less experience ,strengthen the training of junior doctors may further improve the accuracy of measurement .

Objective To investigate the diagnostic parameters,criteria and diagnostic value of pelvic floor ultrasound in female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods Simple factor logistic regression analysis was used to compare the difference of ultrasonic parameters between SUI patients(260 cases) and asymptomatic subjects(60 cases) to find the relevant diagnostic indexes,and to evaluate the diagnostic criteria and diagnostic value by the ROC curve.Results There were significant differences in urethral inclination angle and levator hiatus area in resting and bladder neck position,bladder position,urethral inclination angle,retrovesical angle,levator hiatus area in Valsalva state and urethral rotation angle,bladder neck mobility between the two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in age,BMI,bladder neck position,bladder position,retrovesical angle between resting in the two groups (all P ＞0.05).Using the ROC curve analysis,the cut-off points of urethral inclination angle and levator hiatus area in resting,bladder neck and bladder position,urethral inclination angle,retrovesical angle,levator hiatus area in Valsalva,bladder neck mobility and urethra rotation angle to diagnose SUI were 16.5°,13.5 cm2,3.5 mm,0.5 mm,29.5°,139.5°,19.5 cm2,24.5 mm,45.5°,respectively.The sensitivity/specificity were 54.6％/66.7％,49.2％/80.0％,68.1％/95.0％,64.2％/98.3％,67.3％/93.3％,73.5％/50.0％,68.8％/81.7％,70.0％/95.0％,67.2％/85.0％,respectively.The area under the curve were 0.625,0.668,0.855,0.854,0.817,0.622,0.811,0.866,0.817,respectively.Conclusions Pelvic floor ultrasound is a better way to diagnose stress urinary incontinence,and it provides an objective basis for the diagnosis of SUI.

Objective To explore the application value of Golgi protein-73 (GP73)and AFP in single and combining form in the diagnosis of primary hepatocelluar carcinoma (PHC).Methods Eighty PHC,65 liver cirrhosis,54 chronic hepatitis patients and 50 controls were selected in the First Afiliated Hospital in Xinjiang Medical University from May to September in 2011,GP73 was detected by ELISA and AFP was measured by clinical chemiluminescence.The sensitivity and specificity of each parameter in single and combining form were evaluated.Results Serum GP73 in PHC group 282.0(163.6-366.7) μg/L,liver cirrhosis group 211.8(107.5-295.7) μg/L,chronic hepatitis group 100.3(61.8-191.3) μg/L and control group 58.3(43.4-83.6) μg/L was tested by Kruskal-Wallis(H =106.6,P ＜0.01).GP73 in PHC group was further compared with liver cirrhosis group,chronic hepatitis group and control group using MannWhitney test,significance was found,(U was 1796.0,826.5,154.0,respectively,all P ＜0.01).In the single form,the sensitivity of GP73 [82.5％ (66/80)] was higher than AFP [66.3％ (53/80),x2 =4.65,P ＜0.05],but the specificity of GP73 [63.3％ (107/169)] was lower than AFP [88.7％ (150/169),x2 =28.91,P ＜0.05].There were 27 AFP negative cases in PHC group,but 22 of them were GP73 positive,making the positive rate of GP73 [81.5％ (22/27)] in PHC patients with AFP negative.There were 14 GP73 negative cases of in PHC group,but 9 of them were AFP positive,making the positive rate of AFP [64.3％ (9/14)] in PHC patients with GP73 negative.In series diagnostic test,the specificity of combining form [95.9％ (162/169)] was higher than AFP [88.7 ％ (150/169),x2 =6.00,P ＜ 0.05] ; in parallel diagnostic test,the sensitivity of combining form [93.8％ (75/80)] was higher than GP73 [82.5％(66/80),x2 =4.84,P ＜0.05].In PHC group,52 patients with HBV infection,10 patients with HCV infection and 18 patients without virus infection,GP73 was 309.5 (170.5-370.5) μg/L,351.0 (274.7-397.9) μg/L and 210.1 (156.8-306.7) μg/L,respectively,no significance was found (H =4.0,P ＞0.05).Conclusion GP73 and AFP have a complementary feature of sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis of PHC,some PHC cases with AFP negative can be avoided missing efficiently by parallel diagnostic test.

Objective To explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the differential diagnosis of subserous myoma (SM) and ovarian fibroma.Methods CEUS was performed on 58 patients with SM and 26 patients with ovarian fibroma.The enhancement pattern was observed.The diagnostic performance was evaluated by using diagnostic test.Results SM exhibited homogeneous isoenhancement synchronously with the myometrium in early phase.In the late phase,the pseudocapsule remained hyper-enhancement with obvious membraniform sign.Some myomas showed the feeding artery from uterus.Ovarian fibroma demonstrated hyper-enhancement at the periphery portion and hypoenhancement inside.Conclusions The SM and ovarian myomas showed different enhancement patterns,which may provide us some exact information in the differential diagnosis between the two diseases.

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of hilar bile duct using ultrasonography (US) in identification of different types of biliary strictures after orthotopic liver transplantation.MethodsThe US images of hilar bile duct of 62 patients with non-anastomotic biliary stricture (NAS) and 30 patients with anastomotic biliary stricture (AS) were reviewed.Four US feathers including the presence of hilar biliary dilatation,the display of hilar biliary lumen,the thickening of bile duct wall and the echo of bile duct wail were assessed.Results The presence of hilar biliary dilatation,the display of hilar biliary lumen,the thickening of bile duct wall showed a significant difference between NAS and AS groups (P＜0.001).The feature with the greatest performance in the diagnosis of NAS was unclear displayed hilar biliary lumen.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 93.7％,86.7％ and 92.3％,respectively.Conclusions The observation of hilar bile duct has great vaule in identification of different types of biliary strictures after orthotopic liver transplantation.The display of hilar biliary lumen is more likely to differentiate between NAS and AS