OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between intubation of general anesthesia and lower respiratory tract infection.METHODS Totally 947 cases were divided into bronchial intubation group(groupⅠ,541 cases) and(tracheal) intubation group(groupⅡ,406 cases) for a retrospective analysis about lower respiratory tract(infection).The(sputum) samples of(infected) patients were took germiculture and antibiotic susceptibility.RESULTS There were 26 cases arisen lower respiratory tract infection in group Ⅰ and there were 18 in group Ⅱ.The(incidence) was 4.81% and 4.43%,respectively.86.36% pathogens of sputum samples were non-zymophytes,it was a direct proportion between high(antimicrobial) resistance rate and lower respiratory tract infection rate.The infection rate of 60-70 years old and under 49 years patients was 9.56% and 2.04%,respectively.The infection rate of(patients) undergoing anesthesia less 3h and over 3h was 3.26% and 6.14%,respectively,with significant(differences)(P

AIM: To investigate DNA damage and cell stress (heat shock protein 70 expression) in human bronchi smooth muscle cells by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in vitro. METHODS: 30 mL smog was dissolved in 1 mL culture medium as stock solution of CSE. Human bronchi smooth muscle cells were cultured 3 hours with 1∶16, 1∶10, 1∶8, 1∶6 and 1∶4 of CSE. The DNA damage and HSP70 expression were determined by single cell gel assay (comet assay) and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: Associated with rising CSE concentration, DNA damage aggravated. Compared with the untreated group, except 1∶16 of CSE, the level of DNA damage was significantly different (P

The regulative role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)signaling pathway on proliferation and apoptosis in rats' airway smooth muscle cells(ASMCs)was investigated.Primary cultures of ASMCs were established and cells between passages 4 and 7 were used for experiments.ASMCs were U-eated with ERK activator epidermal growth factor(EGF)and inhibitor PD98059.The expressions of ERK mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining.Proliferation of ASMCs were detected by MTT eolorimetric assay and [3H] thymidine incorporation.Apoptosis of ASMCs were detected by Hoechst staining and Annexin-V FITC PI donble staining.The levels of ERK1/2,phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2) and proeaspase-3 protein were detected by Western blotting.The expressions of ERK mRNA and ERK protein were obviously observed in ASMCs. Compared with control,the absorbanee(A490) value and DNA synthesis index of PD-treated ASMCs were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The apoptotic index and the percentage of the early apoptotic cells were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The expressions of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 protein were significantly down-regulated.The expressions of procaspase-3 protein was significantly increased.Compared with c,ontrol,the A490 value and DNA synthesis index were significantly increased(P＜0.05)in EGF-treated cells.Apoptotic index and the percentage of the early apoptotic cells were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The levels of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 protein were significantly increased,and the levels of procaspase-3 protein were significantly decreased, There were no significant differences between control and P+E group(P＞0.05).ERK signaling pathway may play an important role in regulating ASMCs proliferation and apoptosis and ERK regulating the apoptosis of ASMCs possibly relates to the expressions of procaspase-3 protein. The finding will help to understand the mechanisms of asthmatic ASMCs involved in abnormal proliferation.

In order to investigate whether polymorphism in gene for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has any bearing on individual susceptibility to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the geotypes of 88 patients with COPD and 87 healthy smoking control subjects were tested by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment polymorphism analysis for HSP70 gene. In COPD group, HSP70-1 genotype A/A, A/B and B/B was 59.1%, 35.2% and 5.7%, HSP70-2 genotype A/A, A/B and B/B was 26.1%, 54.6% and 19.3%, and HSP70-hom genotype A/A, A/B and B/B was 70.4%, 27.3% and 2.3% respectively. In the control group, it was 60.9%, 27.5% and 3.5%, 20.7%, 56.3% and 23.0%, and 54.0%, 42.5% and 3.5%, respectively. The frequency of polymorphic genetypes showed no difference between the COPD group and the control group (P>0.05). It was suggested that geneic polymorphism in HSP70 is not associated with development of COPD in Han nationality of China.
China/ethnology ; Ethnic Groups ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/*genetics ; *Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*genetics ; Smoking

The effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the expression of heat stress protein 70 (Hsp70) in human bronchi smooth muscle cells were investigated in vitro, and the changes in Hsp70 mRNA in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their significance were explored. Human bronchi smooth muscle cells were cultured with CSE at the different concentrations. The expression of Hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 was detected by reverse translation-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting respectively. Levels of Hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 in lymphocytes from 20 patients with COPD and 20 healthy smoking control subjects were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed the expression of both Hsp70 mRNA and Hsp70 was decreased conformably in human bronchi smooth muscle cells treated with CSE at certain concentration in vitro. The A values of the Hsp70 mRNA expression were 0.24 +/- 0.11 and 0. 42 +/- 0.13 respectively in COPD patients and healthy smoking controls with the difference being significant (P < 0.01). There was also significant difference in the A values of the Hsp70 expression between COPD patients and healthy smoking controls (20.9 +/- 9.9 vs 44.8 +/- 15.3, P < 0.01). The levels of Hsp70 mRNA had strongly positive correlation with Hsp70 protein (r = 0.85, P < 0.01). It was suggested that the expression of Hsp70 mRNA was in concordance with the expression of Hsp70, which could provide a basis on the study of Hsp70 gene regulation and Hsp70 gene in the development of COPD.
Bronchi/metabolism ; Bronchi/pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/*biosynthesis ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; Muscle, Smooth/cytology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Smoking

The DNA damage, caused by cigarette smoking, can cause airway cell apoptosis and death, which may be associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, just 20%-30% smokers develop COPD, which suggests that different degrees of DNA repair cause different outcomes in smokers. X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1), a base excision repair protein, has multiple roles in repairing ROS-mediated, basal DNA damage and single-strand DNA breaks. The present study investigated the association between polymorphism in XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and susceptibility of COPD. A total of 201 COPD cases and 309 controls were recruited and frequency-matched on age and sex. XRCC1 genotype was determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Overall, compared with those with the XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype, the risk for COPD had no significant difference among individuals with Trp/Trp genotype. However, after stratifying by smoking status, in former smokers, compared with those with the XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype, the risk for COPD was significantly reduced among individuals with Trp/Trp genotype (adjusted OR=0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.85, P=0.028); after stratifying by smoking exposure, in light smokers, compared with those with the XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype, the risk for COPD was significantly reduced among individuals with Arg/Trp genotype and Trp/Trp genotype (adjusted OR=0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.94, P=0.036; 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.79, P=0.019, respectively). In conclusion, XRCC1 Arg194Trp genotype is associated with a reduced risk of developing COPD among former and light smokers.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on brain injury in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Eighty patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, with body surface area of 1.6-2.0 m2, with left ventricular ejection fraction＞30％, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ (New York Heart Association Ⅱ or Ⅲ), scheduled for elective cardiac surgery with CPB, were equally and randomly divided into control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D) using a random number table.Before induction of anesthesia, dexmedetomidine was given as a bolus of 1 μg/kg over 10 min followed by an infusion of 0.5 μg · kg-1 · h-1 throughout the surgery in group D, and the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.After induction and before skin incision (T0) , at 30 min after beginning of CBP (T1) , at 30 min after the end of CBP (T2) , at the end of surgery (T3) , and at 24 and 72 h after surgery (T4.5) , blood samples from jugular bulb were drawn for determination of serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, S-100β protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE).Results Compared with group C, the serum concentrations of TNF-α and S100β at T1-3 and IL-6 and NSE at T1.4 were significantly decreased, and the serum concentrations of IL-10 at T1-4 were increased in group D (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine given as a bolus of 1 μg/kg over 10 min followed by an infusion of 0.5 μg · kg-1 · h-1 throughout the surgery can reduce the brain injury in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB, and the mechanism is related to inhibited inflammatory responses.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of A2058G or A2059G mutation within 23S rRNA in Treponema pallidum (Tp) from primary syphilis patients chancre samples. Methods Simple PCR was used to screen the positive samples containing Tp DNA. Nested PCR was adopted to amplify the region of the Tp 23S rRNA and the purified amplicons were digested by restriction endonuclease MboⅡand Bsa I respectively and sequenced. Results 39 qualified samples were obtained from 43 chancre samples and all of them were found harboring the A2058G mutation, whereas the A2059G was not detected. Conclusion High frequency of the A2058G mutation within 23S rRNA implicated in macrolide resistance emerges in the circulating Tp in Hengyang. Therefore, macro-lide antibiotics such as azithromycin should be cautiously used as an optional therapy for syphilis.

Objective To observe the condition of Keshan disease (KSD) in Gansu Province in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease. Methods In 2011, according to “The national Keshan Disease Monitoring Program (trial edition)”, based on searching of KSD cases, 12 villages of 12 towns in 6 counties of Gansu Province, were selected as surveillance sites. All the residents in surveillance sites were clinically examined and given 12-lead ECG tracings; suspected cases were taken anterior chest X-rays in the distance of 2 meters, while staple food and life conditions of the residents were surveyed. Diagnosis of KSD was based on“Keshan Disease Diagnostic Criteria”(WS/T 210-2011). Results Among investigated 5 484 residents, the incidence of abnormal electrocardiogram was 15.41%. Of the 196 X-ray films, 61 cases had enlarged heart(in which 22 of mild, 21 of moderate and 18 of severe). Two hundred and forty-three cases of KSD were detected, the general detection rate was 4.43%, in which 31 cases of chronic, the detection rate was 0.56%; 212 cases of potential, the detection rate was 3.87%. In all cases, 47 cases were under the age of 30, including 46 cases of potential and 1 case of chronic. The major abnormal electrocardiogram change of KSD cases was ST-T changes[22.68%(71/313)], followed by complete right bundle branch block[16.29%(51/313)], low voltage[12.46%(39/313)], and left anterior fascicular block[6.71%(21/313)]. Per-capita annual income in surveillance site was 1 763 Yuan;and the major staple food was flour, accounted for 87%, and the staple food rice accounted for 5%. Conclusion The detection rate of KSD in Gansu Province is mainly to potential, and there is a cosiderable portion of patients under the age of 30;monitoring and investigation should also be strengthened in the younger age of KSD cases detected village.

This study investigated the correlation between surfactant protein-A (SP-A) polymorphism and the susceptibility of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Xinjiang Uighurs. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 194 COPD smokers and 201 healthy smokers of Uighur who were hospitalized in or paid a visit to one of the four Xinjiang-based hospitals involved in the study, from March 2009 to December 2010. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied at aa62 (CCA/CCG rs1136451) and aa219 (CGG/TGG, rs4253527) in SP-A. Genotypes were determined by using the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Our results showed that genotype frequencies were different between the COPD and normal smokers in aa62 (x (2)=6.852, P=0.033). There were also significant differences in allele genotype frequencies between the COPD and the control and allele G might decrease the risk COPD (x (2)=6.545, P=0.011; OR=0.663; 95% CI: 0.484-0.909). The result suggested that polymorphism of aa62 (CCA/CCG, rs1136451) of SP-A may be associated with the susceptibility to COPD in Xinjiang Uighurs.