Object To study the microwave-assisted extraction process of Radix Polygoni Multiflori. Methods Using the uniform design, the optimization process of microwave-assisted extraction for total anthraquinones and 2, 3, 5, 4′- tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-?-D-glucoside in Radix Polygoni Multiflori was gained by continuous microwave radiation. Results Some parameters, such as microwave power, radiation time, solvent concentration, solvent consumption and dipping time had interactions to the extraction of active ingredients in Radix Polygoni Multiflori. The best optimization process was obtained as following: 340 W as the microwave power, 10 min as the radiation time, 95% ethanol as the solvent, 1∶5 as the proportion of solid to liquid and 1 h as the dipping time. Conclusion The established models were proved to be reasonable by the verified experiment.

Objective: To study the microwave assisted extraction process for saponins and isofraxidin in Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi as a marker. Methods: Using the uniform design, the optimization process of microwave assisted extraction for saponins and isofraxidin in Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi was gained by continuous microwave radiation. Results: Some parameters such as microwave power, radiation time, solvent concentraction, solvent consumption, pulverized degree and dipping time had interactions on the extraction of active constituents in Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi. Conclusion: The optimization process was obtained which could be described as following: 510W as the microwave power, 30 min as the radiation time, 85% ethanol as the solvent, 1∶5 as the proportion of raw material to solvent, 40 mesh as the grinding degree and 0.5 hr as the dipping time. Meanwhile, the model developed were proved to be reasonable by the pilot experiment.

Object To study the release mechanism of slow released tablet of puerarin (PUE) prepared by taking chistosan (CS) and sodium alginate (AL) as primary excipient. Methods The effect of the release in different conditions and the release mechanism was observed. Results No effect was found on release rate by basket and blade paddle methods, but the primary release (1 2 h) in different rotation speed showed the effect on drug release and the release rate was dependent on medium pH value (P

Object To study the preparation and technology on sinomenine (SM) release from Sinomenine Sustained-release Tablets (SSTs) in which hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) was used as the primary excipients. Methods SSTs were prepared with different HPMC viscosity of K4M, K15M, and K100M, different HPMC content, and preparing technology. Results Little effect was observed on the releasing rate of SM with different HPMC viscosity when the content of HPMC was 30%. SM releasing rate increased with the decreasing of proportion of HPMC while the content of HPMC was less than 30%. But the releasing velocity slowed down while the content of HPMC increased and the effect on the releasing rate was not found as the content of HPMC was over 30%. When the ratio of SM and HPMC was 1∶1.5, the releasing rate decreased with the increasing of tablet weight from 280 mg to 360 mg. The releasing rate was insensitive to the particle size of HPMC and hardness of SSTs in this study. Conclusion It is necessary to control the tablet weight and choose the proper quantity of HPMC in the preparation of SSTs.

Congenital joint synostosis (CJS) is a functional impairment resulting from failure in joint morphogenesis during embryonic development. Clinically, it may be classified as syndromic (sCJS) and non-syndromic (nsCJS) disorders. Common sCJS include chromosomal disorders such as Klinefelter syndrome and single-gene disorders like Apert/Pfeiffer/Crouzon syndromes, Holt-Oram syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Radial-ulnar synostosis with thrombocytopenia, presenting with multiple system/organ anomalies. By contrast, nsCJS manifest with only joint abnormalities, affecting one or multiple joints. This review has focused on human nsCJS and its genetic etiology. To date, variants in seven genes ( NOG, GDF5, FGF9, GDF6, FGF16, SMAD6, and MECOM) have been identified as causative factors for nsCJS. This review has focused on such genes and provided a comprehensive review for the clinical phenotypes, genetic patterns, common variants, and underlying mechanisms associated with nsCJS based on a literature review. In addition, it has also analyzed other candidate genes for nsCJS within the context of relevant signaling pathways involved in joint morphogenesis.