The distal femoral epiphyses of 18 human foetus and 10 children were studied by microangiographic and histological methods. The results showed that only the articular cartilage is avascular. Characteristic of vascularity in the chondroepiphyses is that the blood vessels coming from inter-condylar fossa are distributed in the center of chondroepiphyses, those coming from medial and lateral aspects of the condyles are distributed in the outer part of the condyles and those closing to epiphyseal plate mainly come from the area superior to the patellar surface and the area superior to the inter-condylar fossa. The secondary center of ossification first takes place around cartilage canal. The increase of the ossification center is faster in the areas adjacent to blood vessels than the areas far from blood vessels. The blood vessels within cartilage canals in the chondroepiphyses transform to epiphyseal vessels which remained as the blood supply to the ossification center during ossification process. Before 2 years of age, the blood vessels supplying the ossification center are 3-5 vessels coming from inter-condylar fossa. After 2 years of age, the blood vessels coming from the area superior to the patellar surface begin to supply the ossification center. After 5 years of age, the blood vessels coming from lateral aspects of the condyles also take part in the supply of the ossification center.

The structure and the blood supply of perichondral ring of human being and rabbits in developing period were studied by microangiographic and histological methods. Perichondral ring is situated around the epiphyseal disc and metaphysis and consists of osseous ring, zone of mesenchymal cell, which contains fairly abundant blood vessels derived from the metaphyseal periosteum and perichondrium. The perichondrium is thick and also contains abundant vessels which connect epiphyseal and metaphyseal circulations in the extra-osseous and part of which passes through the zone of mesenchymal cell to supply the epiphyseal disc. Role of perichondral ring in the development period of bones were discussed.

Objective To investigate the correlation between levels serum zinc,selenium,chromium,copper and blood glucose in diabetic patients.Methods The 136 cases of type 2 diabetes were enrolled in our hospital during September 2013 to December 2015 in the observation group,and 136 cases of physical health in our hospital during the same period were recruited in the control group.Then the levels of serum zinc,selenium,chromium,copper contents and glycemic index,oxidative stress indicators were detected.Results The serum zinc,selenium content of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),no significant difference were observed in the serum chromium,copper contents between two groups(P>0.05);the levels of FBG,2 h PBG,glycated hemoglobin,MDA,and HOMA-IR of observation group were higher than those of control group,the HOMA-β,I30/G30,SOD,GSH-Px levels were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);the serum zinc,selenium contents were negatively correlated with FBG,2 h PBG,glycated hemoglobin,MDA levels,and HOMA-IR(P<0.05),while positively correlated with HOMA-β,I30/G30,SOD,GSH-Px(P<0.05).Conclusion Serum zinc,selenium contents in type 2 diabetes significantly decrease and closely be related with blood glucose levels,they can reduce blood sugar,promote insulin secretion,increase insulin sensitivity,and adjust the oxidative stress reaction.

Objective To observe the effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor Fc fusion Protein (rhTNFR:Fc) treatment on IgM-RF,IgG-RF,IgA-RF of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods A randomized,active-comparator controlled,parallel group study were conducted.110 patients were enrolled and were randomly divided to the treatment group,in which patients were treated with twice weekly subcutaneous injection of rhTNFR:Fc (25 mg) (rhTNFR:Fc treatment group,n=55),and the MTX froup,in which MTX (the mean dosage was 15 mg/week) (MTX group,n=55) for 24 weeks.Blood routine,IgM-RF,IgG-RF,IgA-RF,and disease activity score 28 (DAS28) were monitored.Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis.Results The level of IgM-RF decreased significantly in the rhTNFR:Fc treatment group 24 week(29±16) U/ml later.However,the level of IgG-RF(145±20) U/ml,IgA-RF(153±34) U/ml increased significantly in the rhTNFR:Fc group,and the level of IgG-RF (62±14) U/ml,IgA-RF (66-±19) U/ml decreased significantly in the MTX group.Conclusion Although rhTNFR:Fc,is effective in treating the clinical symptoms of RA,it seems to affect RF producing-B cells either directly or indirectly.

We report in detail ultrastructural changes and freezing damage mechanism about heart muscle and some organelles after rapid freezing. The ventricles of rat heart were cut pieces about 100-150/?m by microsiicer. The pieces were quickly injected liquid cryogen Freon 22 by Reichert-Jung spring-assistant mechanism (KF-80). The specimens frozen were rapidly transferred into substitution medium aceton and kept at -80℃(28h), then -60℃ (48h),-20℃(12h)and 4℃ (1 h). The structures of specimens frozen were well and there were no ice crystals in the area of the tissue frozen surface to 20?m depth. However, there were freezing damages in mitochondrial crista, intercellular substance and muscular fibre in the tissue surface to 30?m depth. The structure of tissue was destroyed by ice crystal over 50?m depth in the tissue. The results suggest that intercellular substance and mitochondrial crista are the most sensitive to ice crystal damage after rapid freezing of heart tissue, then the less sensitive are muscular fibre and nucleus. The unit membrane is not easy to be damaged by ice crystal.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and emergency managements of postrenal acute renal failure(ARV)induced by melamine in infant.Method Fluid therapy for urine alkalization and hydration,cistoscope drainage and peritoneal dialysis step by step were exerted in those who had both a history of certain milk intake and ARF according to the definition of pediatric ARF which developed by Pediatric Nephrology Assembly of Chinese Pediatric Association in 1994.Results Thirty-four postrenal ARF cases with anuria due to melamine in Nanjing Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were involved in the study.Seventy cases(50%)re-ceived fluid therapy only.Nine cases(26.5%)received fluid thempy and eistoscope drainagemand 4 cases (11.8%)received fluid therapy and cistoscope drainage and peritoneal dialysis.Four cases(11.8%)received ur-gent peritoneal dialysis due to severe hyperkalemia.All cases(100%)survived.The urine pH at the first day.the second day,and after the second day in those who just pass away urine were 6.1±1.0、6.5±0.7.5.3±0.4,respectively(F=4.563,P=0.026).Conclusions Fluid therapy for urine alkalization and hydration and stop sequential thempy are effective in infant with postrenal ARF induced by melamine.

Objective To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with the diagnosis of multiple myeloma(MM)and to analyse the outcome of difierent regimens for the treatment of MM.Methods The study reviewed 332 MM cases diagnosed within the period from January 1,2002 to December 31,2002.These patients were tracked via their records to a total period of three years.Results First-line treatment:Totally 332 patients were included,among them 325(97.9%)patients received chemotherapy and 7(2.1%)patients received stem cell transplantation(SCT);Second-line treatment:197 patients were included,among them 190(96.5%)patients received chemotherapy and 7(3.6%)patients received SCT;Third-line treatment:92 patients were included,among them 88(95.7%)patients received chemotherapy and 4(4.4%)patients received SCT.Major adverse effects were follows:severe infection 19.3%,severe anaemia 19.3%,phlebothrombosis 1.2%,thrombocytopenia 16.9%,fever associated with neutropenia 18.1%.Conclusions Some curative effects can be achieved by using traditional treatment plans to treat patients suffering from MM,but new methods are expected to improve the prognosis.