Object To study microcosmic mechanism about microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to Radix Puerariae (RP) and Radix Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi (RCAS). Methods By transmission electron microscope, the structure changes about tonoplast in RP and RCAS were observed. Results The effect on tonoplast was differently made by MAE and conventional reflux extracting method. Conclusion The effective ingredients could be dissolved more easily with MAE than conventional reflux extracting method.

Objective To reproduce an SD rat model of prostatic calculus by using nanobacteria (NB), and explore the role of NB in contributing to prostatitis and prostatic calculus. Methods Twenty adult male SD rats were randomized to the control group and 20 to the model group. Rat prostate infection models were reproduced by infusing 0. 2 ml (Concentration, 1 Mai unit) NB suspension transurethrally. 0.2 ml physiological saline was infused transurethrally in the rat control group. The rats were sacrificed 4 and 8 weeks later and prostatic pathology were viewed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Lithogenesis was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) or Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Re-isolation, culture and identification of nanobacteria were also done in rat prostatic tissues. Results Chronic inflammatory changes of prostates were shown in the model group at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks after infusing NB suspension. Prostatic calculi were detected by SEM and TEM at 8 weeks in the prostates of the rat model group (7/10). Neither chronic inflammatory changes nor prostatic calculus was found in the control group. NB was positive in the model group, but negative in the control group. Conclusions NB infection could cause chronic prostatitis and prostatic calculus in rats.

Objective To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with the diagnosis of multiple myeloma(MM)and to analyse the outcome of difierent regimens for the treatment of MM.Methods The study reviewed 332 MM cases diagnosed within the period from January 1,2002 to December 31,2002.These patients were tracked via their records to a total period of three years.Results First-line treatment:Totally 332 patients were included,among them 325(97.9%)patients received chemotherapy and 7(2.1%)patients received stem cell transplantation(SCT);Second-line treatment:197 patients were included,among them 190(96.5%)patients received chemotherapy and 7(3.6%)patients received SCT;Third-line treatment:92 patients were included,among them 88(95.7%)patients received chemotherapy and 4(4.4%)patients received SCT.Major adverse effects were follows:severe infection 19.3%,severe anaemia 19.3%,phlebothrombosis 1.2%,thrombocytopenia 16.9%,fever associated with neutropenia 18.1%.Conclusions Some curative effects can be achieved by using traditional treatment plans to treat patients suffering from MM,but new methods are expected to improve the prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mutation rate and types of KRAS gene in colorectal carcinoma of Chinese patients, and to document the regional distribution of the mutation.

METHODSA total of 6 364 colorectal carcinoma tumor specimens were obtained from 27 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2009 to 2013. Pyrosequencing was used to detect mutations in codons 12 and 13 of KRAS gene. The mutation types of KRAS and the difference of regional distribution were statistically analyzed.

RESULTSKRAS mutation rate in Chinese colorectal carcinoma patients was 37.43 % (2 382/6 364). Ten types of single-base mutations of KRAS codons 12 and 13 were detected, including six common types: 12GGT > GAT (14.77%), 13GGC > GAC (8.19%), 12GGT > GTT (7.89%), 12GGT > TGT (2.20%), 12GGT > AGT (2.00%), and 12GGT > GCT (1.48%). Other four less occurring mutation types (<1%) included 12GGT > CGT, 13GGC > TGC, 13GGC > CGC, and 13GGC > AGC. In addition, 8 other mutation types were identified in 13 tumor samples. The rates of KRAS mutation in patients from different regions were between 35.68% and 38.04% and no significant differences were observed (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAbundant mutation types of KRAS gene exist in colorectal cancers among Chinese patients. The six common mutation types occur with a frequency of not less than 1%. There are no significant differences of KRAS mutation rate among Chinese patients from various areas. Pyrosequencing provides a rapid and accurate method of KRAS mutation detection for clinical application.

Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Codon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Female ; Genes, ras ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Mutation Rate