Plasma D-dimer is one of the degradation products of the cross-linked fibrin hydrolyzed by fibrinolysin and is also a unique metabolite of secondary fibrolysis.The change of its content is a reliable indicator for the identification of the hypercoagulabale state in vivo and primary and secondary fibrinolysis,as well as for the observation of the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy.In recent years,D-dimer determination has gained new clinical application.

Objective: To investigate the effect of zinc sulfate and zinc methionine on growth and their possible regulating mechanism in mice. Method: Ninety male KM mice were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was fed on basal diet containing zinc of 11. 67 mg/kg 10d. The ZnSO4 group and Zn-Met group were fed on the diets supplemented with ZnSO4 or Zn-Met at 30 mg/kg(on the basis of Zn) for 10 d. Initial and final body weight,serum zinc concentration, growth hormone (GH),the levels of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mRNA were determined. Results: Both ZnSO4 and Zn-Met enhanced body weight and serum zinc concentration of mice,Zn-Met more effectively than ZnSO4 for body weight . Both forms of zinc had no effect on GH and the expression of GHR mRNA , but both up-regulated the expression of IGF-1 mRNA. As compared to ZnSO4, Zn-Met enhanced the level of IGF-1 mRNA significantly. Conclusion: Both ZnSO4 and Zn-Met had no effect on GH and the expression of GHR Mrna,but enhanced the expression of IGF-1 mRNA. Zn-Met enhanced the body weight gain and up-regulated IGF-1 mRNA expression more effectively than ZnSO4.

Objective To investigate the imaging diagnostic value of the early avascular necrosis of the femoral head(ANFH) in adult.Methods There were 25 cases (34 hips) with early ANFH diagnosed by imaging and clinical data.Radiography,CT and MRI findings of ANFH were analysed comparatively.Results In the 34 ANFH included stage Ⅰ 13 hips,stage Ⅱ 21 hips.The diagnostic accurary was 32.4% for X-ray,61.8% for CT and 100% for MRI.Conclusion MRI is better than the other technique in early finding the lesions of ANFH,and the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of MRI are higher than that of CT and X-ray.

Objective:To study the protective effects of exogenous nucleotides on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)immunnostimulation and its mechanism.Method:Forty healthy Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups:control group,nucleotides(NT)groups(4h,18h),nucleotides free(NF)groups(4h,18h).Control group and NF groups were fed with nucleotide-free diet.NT groups were fed with nucleotide-supplemented diet(0.25% nucleotides).On D 15,mice were lavaged with physiological saline(control)or LPS,and were killed 4 or 18 h later.Serum,liver,small intestine,and peritoneal macrophage were sampled in germfree state.Results:Hepatic Na+K+-ATPase,intestinal superoxide dismutase(SOD),serum total anti-oxidation ability,peritoneal macrophage-produced interleukin 10(IL-10)were increased,and intestinal malonaldehyde(MDA),serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),intestinal myeloperoxidase(MPO),peritoneal macrophage-produced interleukin 1(IL-1)were decreased with nucleotides supplement.Conclusion:Exogenous nucleotides can help to maintain oxidation-antioxidation and inflammation-antiinflammation balance,and protect mice from injury under LPS immunostimulation.

Objective:To investigate the antihypertensive effects of mung bean protein,peanut protein and rice protein alcalase hydrolysates with in vitro angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) . Method:The impact of digestive proteases on ACE inhibitory activity of hydrolysates of peanut,mung bean and rice protein isolates were evaluated under simulated gastrointestinal digestion and their antihypertensive effects were investigated in SHR after single oral administration. Results:All of three kinds of protein hydrolysates showed antihypertensive activities after single oral administration at a dose of 600 mg/kg bw,most potent in mung bean protein while least in peanut protein. There were no significant changes in the heart rate of SHR after oral administration of protein hydrolysates. Conclusion:Mung bean protein,peanut protein and rice protein hydrolysates all showed antihypertensive activity,but their potent inhibitory activities on ACE did not correlate with their antihypertensive activities found in SHR.

Objective To develop and validate a simple and reliable HPLC method for the analysis of flee and total carnitine in human serum and to investigate its clinical significance. Methods After proteins in serum were precipitated with a precipitating reagent, carnitine in serum was derivatized to form its ester. HPLC separation of the sample solution was performed on a Lichrospher SiO2 column and detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 260 nm. A mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-citric acid-triethanolamine was found to be the most suitable for this separation at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and enabled the baseline separation of the carnitine from interferences with isocratic elution. The free and total carnitine levels in serum were studied in 347 subjects. Results Under the chromatographic conditions described, the carnitine derivative had a retention time of approximately 10 min. Good separation and detectability of carnitine in human serum sample were obtained. The method proved to be linear in the range of carnitine from 0 μmol/L to 400 μmol/L The relative standard deviations of within-assay ( n = 5 ) for free and total carnitine analysis were 3.36% and 1.97% , respectively, and between-assay (n =7) for free and total carnitine analysis were 3.04% and 1.77%, respectively. The average recovery was 98. 2% for free camitine and 96.3% for total carnitine, respectively. The average L-carnitine concentrations in the 347 subjects were as follows: total carnitine (52. 2 ± 8. 6 ) μmol/L, free carnitine ( 42. 3 ± 8. 3 ) μmol/L and acylcarnitine ( 9. 9 ± 2. 9 )μmol/L in the male group ( n = 182), and total carnitine (48.2 ± 9. 9 ) μmol/L, free camitine ( 37.9 ±8. 7) μmol/L and acylcarnitine ( 10. 3 ± 3.5 ) μmol/L in the female group ( n = 165 ). Statistical analysis showed that total and free carnitine levels of male were higher than that of female ( P <0. 01 ) while there was not statistical difference of acylcarnitine levels between two groups ( P > 0. 05). Conclusion The method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of free and total carnitine in serum with good sensitivity, specificity and repeatability, and this is a useful guidance for the clinic therapy and the mechanism study on the diseases associated with carnitine.

Objective To explore the influence of high fat diet on the intestinal gene expression profile in C57BL/6 mice. Method C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to two groups (n=8). The control group consumed an ordinary diet. The experimental group was fed with a high fat diet. All mice were sacrificed at the end of 6 w and the intestinal gene expressions were detected by oligonucleotide microarray analysis with Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse U430A consisting of 13 097 genes. Results Among the 13 097 genes obtained from gene expression profile analysis, there were 88 and 179 genes up -and down-regulated respectively, in mice fed with high fat diet compared with the control. The differentially expressed genes were mainly related to free radical oxidative stress, DNA repair, induction of apoptosis, transport, signal transduction and inflammation immune response. Conclusion High fat diet may widely modulate the expression of many genes in the intestine in mice.

Combined with the features of neurology,this article discussed the assessing processes for quality postgraduates in neurology from four aspects: clinical skills,creative ability,ability in using English,ability of communication between doctors and patients.It also elaborated the purpose and meanings of setting the assessing goal,selecting assessing items and establishing criterion of the assessing items.

A novel peptide, named BF2-X, was designed based on the structure-activity analysis of an analogue of Buforin II, named BF2-A. The BF2-X was a hybrid peptide containing the N-terminal residues 5 to 13 of BF2-A and three repeats of the C-terminal regular alpha-helical motif RLLR, and the residues 8 valine were replaced by leucine. The results of bioinformatics analysis had showed that compared with BF2-A, the helicity, positive charge, hydrophobicity rate and C-terminal amphipathy of BF2-X had remarkably enhanced. Both peptides showed a random coil structure in an aqueous solution, while displaying a typical alpha-helical structure in 50% trifluoroethanol solution (a membrane mimic condition). BF2-X exhibited higher alpha-helical contents than BF2-A in hydrophobic environment. BF2-X displayed potent antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. And BF2-X showed stronger antimicrobial activities against bacteria tested than parent peptide BF2-A. These results suggest that the alpha-helical content was directly correlated with the enhanced antibacterial activity. Both peptides had no hemolytic action on mouse erythrocyte.

Objective: To study the effects of exogenous nucleotides on immune function in mice.Methods: Sixty Kunming mice, (20?2) g, 5-6 weeks old were divided into three treatments groups (fed 0,0.05%,0.25% nucleotide-supplemented diet respectively). Each treatment was divided into two groups: normal group and immunodepression group. Mice in immunodepression groups were injected with cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg bw) on the 2nd day in order to suppress the immune function and the mice in normal group were treated with normal saline at the same time. All mice were injected with SRBC on the 6th day. 0,0.05%,0.25% nucleotides were added into basic diet respectively and fed for 10 days. Body weight gain, organ index (thymus and spleen), SI, antibody anti SRBC and antibody secreting cell number in spleen were measured. Results: The body weight gain(P