Forensic dentistry is an interdiscipline of forensic m edicine and stom atology, w hich provides legal inform ation by collecting, testing and assessing the dental evidence scientifically. In this review , the present application of forensic dentistry has been described, such as the estim ation of age, sex, species, occupation and living habit, as w ell as the identification of individual, dom estic violence or abuse, w hich aim s to enrich and im prove forensic dentistry for m aking it be m ore useful in forensic m edicine even in juridical practice.

Objective To study the clinical value of X -ray examination in the diagnosis of bone and joint trauma and soft tissue changes .Methods 60 patients diagnosed with bone and joint trauma admitted in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were selected and given anterior and posterior X -ray, patients with no definite diseases were given varus -valgus position shooting in order to further determine definite diseases , relative data were then collected .Results X -ray examination could assistthe development of treatment plans .X-ray plain films could not directly demonstrate the soft tissue changes without the auxiliary method of MRI .Conclusion Patients u-sually only pay attention to the severity of fracture but ignore the obvious trauma fractures and soft tissue changes .The application of X-ray examination enables the patients to attach importance to the treatment of traumatic soft tissue changes, and is worthy of promotion .

[Objective] To evaluate the treatment effect of the synovial chondromatosis of the hip through arthroscopy,and to describe the arthroscopic classification.[Methods]From March 2001 to May 2008,21 patients underwent arthroscopic management for primary synovial chondromatosis of the hip.Of the 21 patients,15 were male and 6 were female,aged from 17 to 49 years.The disease was located on the left side in 9 patients,the right side in 12.Anterior and anteriolateral approaches were selected for synovectomy and removal of free bodies.The peripheral compartment received traction,and curved scraper and Slide Winder Blade(the bending radio frequency)were used to deal with the acetabular fossa.[Results]The range of motion of the hip was improved and the pain was released after operation.MRI showed hydrops articuli was reduced or vanished.Harris hip score for the series of patients improved from 56.2 points preoperatively to 92 points at the mean follow-up of 45 months(11 to 96).Of the 21 patients,18(85.7%)had excellent or good outcomes.No recurrent case was found.[Conclusion]Hip arthroscopy proved beneficial for patients diagnosed with synovial chondromatosis of the hip.It had the advantages of minimal invasion,quick recover and satisfactory outcomes.Arthroscopic classification may guide the procedure and avoid omision of the free bodies.

Objective To determine the total sodium in Danshen for injection.Methods Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the total sodium in Danshen for injection.Results The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.5～10 mg/L for sodium chloride.The average recovery rates of sodium chloride were 101.8%,RSD=1.60%.Conclusion This method was found to be simple,quick and accurate for simultaneous determination of sodium in Danshen for injection.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of intratracheal transplantation of different dose of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in rats with acute lung injury induced by severe burns.Methods:Seventy-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups:Sham(group A),Saline group(group B) and different doses of hUMSCs transplantation groups(C,D and E).The dosage ofhUMSCs was 1 × 105,5 × 105 and 1 × 106 respectively.Rats inflicted by 50 ％TBSA Ⅲ degree scalding employed as the model.After modeling,rats in group B and transplantation groups were immediately fluid resuscitated.Transplantation groups were intratracheally administered different dose hUCMSCs (0.2 mL),and group B were given normal saline in the same dose intratracheally.The lung tissue samples were collected on day 1,day 3 and day 7 after administration.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue.MPO and CD68 immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the positive expression of neutrophils and macrophages in lung tissue.Results:Lung pathology showed that alveolar cavity was clear,alveolar structure integrity,occasionally a small amount of inflammatory cells of group A at each time point.At 1 day after scald,group B and the transplantation group (group C,D,E)the alveolar septum was thickened,and there was visible pulmonary capillary hyperemia,as well as a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltrations in the pulmonary capillaries and alveolar space.At 3 day,group B and the transplantation group alveolar structural damage,pulmonary hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltrations were better than those in 1 day.Compared with group B,the alveolar structure was clear and the septum was thinner,but there was no significant difference between the transplantation groups.On the 7 day after scald,the lung injury in the transplanted group was significantly less than group B,and the recovery of the injured lung tissue in E group was the most obvious.The number of the MPO positive cells increased significantly on the first day after scald (P ＜0.05) compared with group A,but there was no significant difference between the two groups.Compared with B group,the number of positive cells in transplantation group was significantly reduced at 3 and 7 day after scald,(P＜0.05),and the number of positive cells in group E was significantly lower than other groups (P＜0.05).CD68 staining showed a significant increase in positive cells in each group on day 1 (P＞ 0.05).The number of positive cells decreased in 3 day after transplantation (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the transplantation groups.The number of positive cells in transplantation group was significantly lower than group B (P＜0.05) after 7 day.Compared with group C and D,there was significant difference in group E (P＜0.05).Conclusions:Intratracheal transplantation of different dose hUCMSCs have protective on severe burns induced acute lung injury models;the protection mechanisms may be that the hUCMSCs transplantation can inhibit the invasion of the inflammatory cells in lung tissues,and the optimal dosage is 1 × 106.

To investigate whether apoptosis is associated with cell adhesion in bronchial epithelium, and whether it contributes to the kinetics of injury and repair of surface epithelia, this study was performed for E-cadherin expression by using immunohistochemistry technique and for apoptosis by TUNEL method. An animal model of smoking was used for this study. The results showed that epithelial cells with membrane anchored E-cadherin decreased remarkably at several time points during 6 months of exposure to smoke (P < 0.01) and then restored to normal level. This fluctuation was associated exclusively with the alteration in number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B among groups (P > 0.05). All these suggested that apoptosis is associated with E-cadherin expression in bronchial epithelium of smoking mouse.
*Apoptosis ; Bronchi/metabolism ; Bronchi/*pathology ; Cadherins/analysis ; Cadherins/*biosynthesis ; Epithelial Cells/chemistry ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/pathology ; Smoking/*adverse effects

Stroke is one of the most devastating complications after cardiac surgery,and contributes to both mortality and morbidity.Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are the common procedures for the treatment of coronary artery disease.This article reviews the pathophysiologic mechanisms,risk factors,treatment and prognosis of stroke after CABG and PCI.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacteria distribution and antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infection in 2004.METHODS During Jan 1st 2004 to Dec 31st 2004,1007 urine specimens were collected from inpatient and outpatient departments of Beijing Hospital.Totally 632 strains of pathogens were identified and the drug resistance was(performed.) RESULTS Among pathogens of urinary tract infection in 2004,Escherichia coli rated the first(38.29%),(followed) by Enterococcus(18.67%),fungi(17.41%),Streptococcus(8.07%),Proteus(3.4%),Staphylococcus(3.95%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(3.17%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(2.37%).Enterobacteriaceae were sensitive to imipenem(100%).(G~+) cocci were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and vancomycin(nearly to 100%).Compared to pathogens of UTI in 2001,fungi showed obviously increasing trend.CONCLUSIONS In 2004,(Enterobacteriaceae)(mostly E.coli) are the major pathogens in urinary tract infection.Fungi infection in(urinary) tract has an obviously increasing tendency and should be carefully treated.

Objective To develop and validate a simple and reliable HPLC method for the analysis of flee and total carnitine in human serum and to investigate its clinical significance. Methods After proteins in serum were precipitated with a precipitating reagent, carnitine in serum was derivatized to form its ester. HPLC separation of the sample solution was performed on a Lichrospher SiO2 column and detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 260 nm. A mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-citric acid-triethanolamine was found to be the most suitable for this separation at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min and enabled the baseline separation of the carnitine from interferences with isocratic elution. The free and total carnitine levels in serum were studied in 347 subjects. Results Under the chromatographic conditions described, the carnitine derivative had a retention time of approximately 10 min. Good separation and detectability of carnitine in human serum sample were obtained. The method proved to be linear in the range of carnitine from 0 μmol/L to 400 μmol/L The relative standard deviations of within-assay ( n = 5 ) for free and total carnitine analysis were 3.36% and 1.97% , respectively, and between-assay (n =7) for free and total carnitine analysis were 3.04% and 1.77%, respectively. The average recovery was 98. 2% for free camitine and 96.3% for total carnitine, respectively. The average L-carnitine concentrations in the 347 subjects were as follows: total carnitine (52. 2 ± 8. 6 ) μmol/L, free carnitine ( 42. 3 ± 8. 3 ) μmol/L and acylcarnitine ( 9. 9 ± 2. 9 )μmol/L in the male group ( n = 182), and total carnitine (48.2 ± 9. 9 ) μmol/L, free camitine ( 37.9 ±8. 7) μmol/L and acylcarnitine ( 10. 3 ± 3.5 ) μmol/L in the female group ( n = 165 ). Statistical analysis showed that total and free carnitine levels of male were higher than that of female ( P <0. 01 ) while there was not statistical difference of acylcarnitine levels between two groups ( P > 0. 05). Conclusion The method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of free and total carnitine in serum with good sensitivity, specificity and repeatability, and this is a useful guidance for the clinic therapy and the mechanism study on the diseases associated with carnitine.

Diabetic rat model was established by peritoneal injection of streptozocin.At the end of 2 weeks,oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) level in diabetic rats was raised [ ( 2.87 ± 0.40 vs 2.27 ± 0.36 ) μg/dl,P＜0.05 ] and endothelium-dependent relaxation was sluggish compared with normal rats.At the end of 6 weeks,oxLDL level continued to increase [ 4.32 ±0.66 ) μg/dl,P＜0.01] and endothelium-dependent maximum relaxation ( Rmax ) was decreased obviously ( P ＜0.01 ).Meanwhile,the protein and mRNA expressions of lectin-like oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-1 ( LOX-1 ),NF-kB,and ICAM-1 on vessel wall of diabetic rats were higher than those in normal rats,and LOX-1 mRNA was positively correlated with the levels of oxLDL,NF-kB,and ICAM-1 mRNA,while negatively correlated with Rmax,indicating that OxLDL/LOX-1 system may cause early endothelial dysfunction in diabetes via activating NF-kB and up-regulating ICAM-1 expression.