A pilot study for setting up an ADR monitoring and reporting system had been carried out in 14 hospitals located in 5 provinces and municipalities of China during 1988 to 1990. According to the situation of the pilot study,this article discusses some problems related to ADR monitoring,such as the duality of medicines, reasons of ADRs,gravity of ADR risk, factors influencing the developing of ADRs, causality assessment, some points for attention in ADR monitoring, advantages and disadvantages of spontaneous reporting system, pharmacoepidemiology, etc.

During recent years, some new methods for phage display panning have been developed by using complex biological systems instead of purified antigens, antibodies or receptors as selector targets. These complex biological systems include living cells, viruses, mouse tissues and tumors etc. The peptides identified by using tumors as selector molecules can selectively home to blood vessels of experimental tumors and may have potential applications in targeted anti-tumor treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of transplantation of sciatic nerve(SN) and injection of 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-cAMP(CPT-cAMP) into the viteous on axotomized retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) in adult hamsters. Methods Twenty adult golden hamsters were ramdomly divided into 4 groups.Optic nerve(ON) was transected and a segment of autologous sciatic nerve(attached graft,AG) was removed and sutured to the proximal stump of ON in regenerating control group(AG group).The animals in experimental groups were further treated with CPT-cAMP injection and/or implantation of a short of segment sciatic nerve(SN) intravitrously.Fluorescent retrograde labeling method and quantitative anatomical techniques were used to measure the number of RGCs. Results 1.In control (AG) retinas,the mean number of regenerating RGCs was 1*!428?284/retina.2.In AG+SN group,the mean number of regenerating RGCs was 2*!220?415/retina.3.In AG+cAMP group,the mean number of regenerating RGCs was 2*!175?364/retina.4.The mean number of regenerating RGCs in AG+cAMP+SN group were 4*!255?820/retina.AG+SN,AG+cAMP groups were significantly different from AG group(P

Objective Use three inhibitors to block three different signaling pathway to explore the mechanisms of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine(IBMX) and 8 (4 Chlorophenylthio) cAMP(CPT-cAMP) on the regeneration of retinal ganglion cells. Method Fluorescent retrogratde tracing method and quantitative anatomical techniques were used to measure the numbers of RGCs in control one,control two group and experiment groups. Results 1^ In control group 1(AG),the mean number of regenerating RGC was 1428??284/retina in 4 weeks after surgery; 2^ In control group 2(AG+IBMX+CPT-cAMP) the mean number of regenerating RGC was 4?917?1 489/retina in 4 weeks after surger; 3^ The mean number of regenerating RGC of experiment groups in 4 weeks after surgery were (1) H89 group(AG+IBMX+cAMP+H89):1?426?320/retina; (2)Wortmannin group(AG+IBMX+cAMP+Wortmannin):4143?1?057/retina; (3)PD98059 group(AG+IBMX+cAMP+PD98059):4?154?965/retina. Conclusion The promoting effects of IBMX and CPT-cAMP on regeneration of RGCs can be interrupted by H89 and can't be blocked by wortmannin and PD98059.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a determination method for dissolution of oxytetracycline tablets. METHODS:The content of oxytetracycline was determined by UV spectrophotometry at detection wavelength of 271 nm. Dissolution of oxytetracycline tablets was detected by slurry process using 0.01 mol?L-1 hydrochloric solution as solvent. RESULTS:The linear range of oxytetracycline was 4～32 IU?mL-(1r=0.999 9)with an average recovery of 100.1%(RSD=0.65%). The dissolution in 45 min were all above 75%. CONCLUSION:Established method in this study can be used to determine dissolution of oxytetracycline tablets.

Objective To develop the purification method of rhIL 18 expressed in E coli Methods The harvested cells were disrupted using lysozyme and sonication The rhIL 18 inclusion bodies were extracted by centrifugation Washed inclusion bodies were solubilized in 8 mol/L urea The solubilized inclusion bodies were first purified by ion exchange chromatography under denaturing conditions After renaturation, gel filtration chromatography was used for further purification Samples were analyzed by SDS PAGE, HPLC, Western blotting and N terminal amino acid sequencing The biological activity of purified rhIL 18 was also measured Results It was found that rhIL 18 was expressed intracellularly in E coli as insoluble inclusion bodies The purity of rhIL 18 in extracted inclusion bodies was above 80% The final purified rhIL 18 was of high purity and exhibited the mass of molecule 19?10 3 by SDS PAGE The sequence of 15 amino acid residues form NH2 terminus of the purified rhIL 18 was consistent with the predicted sequence The purified rhIL 18 also induced IFN ? production of Con A stimulated human PBMC Conclusion The established method for purifying rhIL 18 is simple and effective and might be useful in the development of the large scaled purification process of rhIL 18

Objective To obtain information on the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial agents susceptibilities to group B streptococcus(GBS) strains. Methods Bacterial isolates of GBS were obtained from vaginal and cervical tract of pregnant and nonpregnant women in Beijing Tian Tan Hospital. A total of 76 GBS strains were identified finally by Coagglutination. Serotyping was determinted by Standard Lancefield method. Susceptibility to test agents was assessed by determining the mininum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) with agar dilution method that was established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Results Seven serotypes were identified among 76 GBS strains isolates. Type II(33%), III(23%) and Ia(16%) were the predominantly serotypes in pregnant and nonpregnant women. MICs of penicillin G and anpicillin were≤0.06 ?g/ml; MICs of cephazolin,cefuroxime, cefoperozone were 0.006～0.03 ?g/ml; MICs of erythromycin was 0.003～0.03 ?g/ml;MICs of gentamycin was 1～32 ?g/ml,MICs of amikacin was 4～≥64 ?g/ml,nearly 12.8% and 40.4% the strains were resistant to gentamycin and amikacin,respectively. Conclusion Our study provide useful epidemiologic data for preparation of GBS type specific vaccines which can prevent GBS infections and antimicrobial agents susceptibility patterns in China. Routine reports on GBS susceptibolities by clinical laboratories and continuous surveillance for changes in the susceptibility is of considerable clinical importance.

Objective To explore the effect of SZ-685C on rat pituitary adenoma GH3 cell line.Methods MTT method evaluated its effect of proliferation and inhibitory concentration 50 (IC5o) on GH3 cells,after treated by 0,2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,12.5,15.0,17.5,20.0 and 30.0 μmol/L SZ-685C for 48 h,GH3 cells were changed to complete medium for 12 d,crystal violet staining was used to investigate colony formation; microscopy and Hoechst 33342 staining assay observed whether the changes of morphological as the result of apoptosis,then detected cell apoptosis by flow cytometry.Results SZ-685C had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on GH3 cell proliferation and IC50 was (12.9 ± 0.47) μmol/L,MEF(considered as a control group) had little affect in cell proliferation on the concentration of IC50.Inhibitory effects persisted even on removal of SZ- 685C after 12 d,and SZ-685C blocked colony formation ability of pituitary tumor cells.Apoptotic morphological observation of microscope and Hoechst 33342 staining proved apoptosis during treatment of SZ-685C,flow cytometry detection showed that SZ-685C induces 36.4％ of apoptosis,while only 2.0％ in control group.Conclusion SZ-685C inhibits pituitary tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.SZ-685C can be a new anti-patuitary tumor drug for a further study.

Objective To study the efficacy of low dose of combined angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor blockade(ARB)valsartan with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI)ramipril on the expression of the gene of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1R)and type 2 receptor(AT2R)in cardiovascular vessels and brain in SHR.Methods SHRs 7-8 weeks old were received valsartan 30 mg/(kg?d),or ramipril 1 mg/(kg?d),or valsartan 15 mg/(kg?d)combined with ramipril 0.5 mg/(kg?d)by gavage for three months.SBP,LV/BW ratio,plasma angiotensin Ⅱ,plasma and myocardial NO levels were determined.The severity of myocardial interstitial fibrosis was assessed by image analysis.ACE mRNA,AT1R mRNA and AT2R mRNA expression were detected in the LV myocardium,aorta and brain by the RT-PCR.Results Combined low dose of valsartan and ramipril was shown to reduce more significantly the expression of AT1R mRNA and ACE mRNA in myocardium,aorta and brain than valsartan or ramipril monotherapy(AT1R mRNA:P