Thinking set is a special prepared mental state or subjective tendency created by previous activities .Different thinking modes are established by different cultures and culture-derived ideological and cognitive patterns , imperceptibly guiding people in their ways of language expression .The marked differences between oriental and western cultures give rise to a sharp distinction be -tween the Chinese and English languages in their expressions and syntactic structures .Viewing from the negative transfer of thinking set, this article presents a comparative analysis on the most common language problems in the English abstracts of medical papers by Chinese authors , focusing on four most typical aspects related to cultural difference and previous experience .

Constructivism,with critical assimilation of various teaching theories of the cognitive schools,has advanced a series of new ideas of learning and teaching,proposing that teaching is basically student-centered,cognition is the learner's active construction of knowledge based on his own existing schema,learning and cognition are fundamentally situated,and collaborative learning is of significant value to knowledge construction.The basic principles of constructival learning theory have positively influenced the teaching of foreign languages and particularly enlightened the reform of English teaching of the 7-year medical education program.According to the constructival approaches to teaching,it is of vital importance for English teachers of this program to adhere to student-centeredness,embed learning in virtual situations and establish definite learning objectives,so as to achieve the goal of the medical-elite-oriented program.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the disease characteristics of the patients in Chinese Level-II Hospital for UN Peacekeepers in Liberia,for offering some references to the pre-mission training of the successive contingents as well as the improvement of medical support to the peacekeeping mission.Methods:A statistical analysis was made of the case history of all the outpatients and inpatients received in Chinese Level-Ⅱ Hospital for UN Peacekeepers in Liberia from May 2004 to December 2005. Results:Out of the total of 7107 outpatients,2539(35.7%) were medical cases,1205(17.0%) surgical,1136(16.0%) dental,787(11.1%) dermatological and 763(10.7%) contagious cases.Malaria was the main type of contagious disease,which accounted for 86.1% of all the contagious cases.There were 39 cases of AIDS/HIV(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome / human immunodeficiency virus).Of the 453 inpatients,233(51.4%) were contagious and 166(36.7%) medical cases,and 185(40.8%) of the total number suffered from malaria.The average hospital stay was 5.2 days.Conclusion:Adequate drugs and equipments should be prepared for both common and special diseases in the peacekeeping mission area.During the pre-mission training at home,special emphasis should be laid on the prevention and treatment of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases,particularly on the diagnosis of and protection against AIDS.

Objective To observe the efficacy of Wuteng Ercao decoction in treating active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its effects on the levels of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).Methods Sixty-five patients with active RA were randomly divided into treatment group (33 cases) and control group (32 cases). Patients in the control group were administered with methotrexate tablets 10 mg, oral taking, once a week;hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets 200 mg, oral taking, twice a day;diclofenac sodium sustained release tablets 75 mg, oral taking, twice a day. Patients in the treatment group were administered with Wuteng Ercao decoction additionally, oral taking, three times a day. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. The changes and untoward effects of various clinical and laboratory indicators were observed before and after treatment.Results After treatment, the tender joint count, swollen joint count, patient’s global assessment, and physician’s global assessment were improved (P<0.05), with statistical significance between the two groups (P<0.05). The levels of ESR, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.05), but those were more significantly in treatment group (P<0.05). There were 2 cases with untoward effects in the treatment group and 1 case in the control group (P>0.05).Conclusion Wuteng Ercao decoction is effective in patients with active RA and it can reduce the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.