Objective To investigate the effects of amyloid-β (Aβ)25-35 on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in cultured rat cardiomocytes,and to elucidate the role of ER stress in the injury of cardiomocytes induced by Aβ25-35.Methods The isolated rat myocardial cells were cultured in vitro.Following stimulation of Aβ25-35 with different dose,the survival ratio was observed with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method.Hoechst33258 staining was used to observe the morphology of apoptotic changes.The percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was quantified with flow cytometry.The expressions of ER stree proteins,including X box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1),glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78),and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) were measured with Western blot.The cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were measured with Western blot.Results Aβ25-35 decreased the survival ratio and induced the apoptosis of cultured rat cardiomocytes in dose-dependent mode.Meanwhile,Aβ25-35 increased the expressions of ER stree proteins,including XBP-1,GRP78,and CHOP.Aβ25-35 increased the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP.Conclusions Aβ25-35 could induce the apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes,which were involved in ER stress possibly.This study might provide a new strategy for clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated myocardial injury.

Objective To study the ultrasonic features of the congenital vaginal reclined septum syndrome (CVRS) in order to apply a precise way for operations. Methods To diagnose CVRS accurately before operation, the ultrasonogram and clinical characteristics of 15 cases were studied retrospectively. Results There were duplicated uterus and cervices with ipsilateral renal agenesis on the reclined septum side in all the patients,11 in the right and 4 in the left. All of 10 cases of type Ⅰhad been made final diagnosis before operation according to the specific ultrasonogram and the rest of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ had been made reliable diagnosis. Conclusions Ultrasonic examination should be the first way to diagnose CVRS.

Objective To evaluate how well the risk factors associated with stroke recurrence been controlled by community-based medical centers in urban areas of Beijing.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 5 community-based medical centers in urban areas of Beijing.A total of 999 patients with the experience of ischemic stroke were evaluated from Dec.2004 to Nov.2005.Results Ninety-six percent of patients suffered from at least one of the most common diseases(risk factors) associated with stroke recurrence,i.e.hypertension(HT),heart disease,diabetes,hyperlipidemia and obesity,and 80% of patients were with more than 1 disease.The proportion of HT was 79.1%(790/999) and the awareness,treatment and control rates of HT patients were 93.3%(737/790),84.3%(666/790) and 40.3%(318/790),respectively.The proportion of heart diseases and obesity among 999 stroke patients were 34.4% and 19.1%%,respectively.31.9%(319/999) of patients had diabetes and 84.0%(268/319) of the patients knew their history of diabetes.Of 319 diabetes patients,68.3%(218/319) were under active treatment and 45.4%(99/218) of them had their fasting blood glucose well controlled.The proportion of hyperlipidemia was 72.9% and the treatment rate for hyperlipidemia was as low as 29.5%(215/728).There were 43.7% and 50.0% of patients quit smoking and alcohol drinking after their acute stroke.72.7%(726/999) of patients were receiving aspirin regularly.Conclusion The proportion of cardiovascular diseases were high among the patients with ischemic stroke who were under the management of community-based medical centers.The community-based medical centers have played an important role in the secondary prevention of stroke.However,the management for ischemic stroke patients with diabetes and hyperlipidemia needs to be improved.

Objective To study the impact of personality and coping style on postpartum depression.Methods 273 cases of postpartum women were estimated by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ( EPDS),NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ). With the SPSS11.5,t-test,correlation analysis and regression analysis were carried out for the collected data. Results 23. 1% of postpartum women suffered from depression. There were significant differences in personality traits and coping styles between postpartum depression group and normal group(P＜ 0. 01 ). There was a significant correlation in depression of postpartum and neuroticism, extraversion ( r = - 0. 409 ～ 0. 824 ), agreeableness of personality traits, coping styles.The personality traits was related to coping styles ( r = 0.260, - 0.445, - 0. 234,0. 375 , - 0.431 ). The extraversion, agreeableness of personality traits, negative coping style and positive coping style entered the regression equation of depression and can explain the 32.9% percent variance. Conclusion The extraversion, agreeableness of personality traits, negative coping style and positive coping style are important factors for postpartum depression.

Objective To evaluate the effects of Deng Zhan Sheng Mai (DZSM) capsule, a compound made of Chinese herbs, on secondary and tertiary prevention of ischemic stroke. Methods A hospital-based randomized open-blinded clinical trial was conducted among people with a prior history of ischemic stroke. Hospitals were assigned to treatment group, in which all of the participants took DZSM capsules for 3 months, or control group, in which no DZSM capsules was administrated. The primary endpoint was the reduction of levels of blood lipids, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fibrinogen in the 3rd month. The secondary endpoints were recurrence of stroke, incidence of cardiovascular event (CVD) and all-cause mortality in the 18th month. Results 495 people were enrolled in the treatment group and 504 in the control group, respectively. In the 3rd month, the levels of total cholesterol(TC),FBG and fibrinogen were significantly reduced by 1.7%,4.3 and 8.2%(t values were 4.13,6.65 and 8.50 respectively),and the levels of HDL-C and HDL-C/TC were increased by 7.6%and 1 1.6%(t values were 2.15 and 3.67)in the treatment group, respectively(all P＜0.05＝.The levels of TC,HDL-C and HDL-C/TC decreased significantly in the eontrol group(all P＜0.05＝.The incidence of recurrent stroke and CVD events were lower in the treatment group than those in the control group, but the differences did not reach the significant levels. The prevalence of post-stroke depression (PSD) was also decreased in the 3rd mouth while it remained stable in the controls (P for trend equals to 0.0027). The mortality was significantly lower in the treatment group (P=0.008). Conclusion The levels of TC,FBG and fibrinogen as well as the prevalence of PSD and all-cause mortality have decreased significantly in treatment group treated with DZSM capsule for 3 months as compared with the control group.

To explore novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors with anti-tumor activity, twelve target compounds were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, MS and elemental analyses. Evaluation results in vitro showed that compound Ia exhibited potent inhibition against HDAC and is worth for further investigation. And compounds IIa, IIb, IIIa-IIIi possessed moderate HDAC inhibitory activity.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on necroptosis during liver injury in septic rats.Methods Eighteen SPF adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-220 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group SH),sepsis group (group SEP) and dexmedetomidine group (group DEX).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats in SEP and DEX groups.Dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg was injected via the caudal vein at 1 h before operation in group DEX.Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein at 6 h after operation for determination of serum aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations.The rats were then sacrificed and livers were removed for determination of the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver tissues (using chemiluminescence assay) and expression of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1),RIP3,mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL),high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drpl) in liver tissues (by Western blot).Results Compared with group SH,the serum AST and ALT concentrations were significantly increased,the expression of RIP1,RIP3,MLKL,HMGB1 and Drpl in liver tissues was up-regulated,and the level of ROS in liver tissues was increased in SEP and DEX groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group SEP,the serum AST and ALT concentrations were significantly decreased,the expression of RIP1,RIP3,MLKL,HMGB1 and Drp1 in liver tissues was down-regulated,and the level of ROS in liver tissues was decreased in group DEX (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine attenuates liver injury may be related to inhibition of necroptosis in septic rats.

Objective To evaluate the role of necroptosis in liver injury in septic rats.Methods Twenty-four SPF healthy male adult Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-220 g,aged 6-8 weeks,were divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (Sh group),sepsis group (Sep group) and specific necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 group (N group).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized rats in N and Sep groups.Necrostatin-1 1.0 mg/kg was intravenously injected at 1 h before operation in group N,while the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide was given instead in group Sep.Rats were sacrificed at 6 h after operation,and livers were removed for examination of the pathological changes (with a light microscope) and for determination of the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver tissues (by using chemiluminescence assay) and expression of receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1),RIPK3,mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in liver tissues (using Western blot).Results Compared with Sh group,the ROS level in liver tissues was significantly increased,and the expression of RIPK1,RIPK3,MLKL and HMGB1 in liver tissues was up-regulated in Sep and N groups (P＜0.05).Compared with Sep group,the ROS level in liver tissues was significantly decreased,and the expression of RIPK1,RIPK3,MLKL and HMGB 1 in liver tissues was down-regulated in group N (P＜0.05).The pathological changes of liver tissues were significantly attenuated in group N when compared with group Sep.Conclusion Neeroptosis is involved in liver injury in septic rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist on c-Jun Nterminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway during liver injury in the septic mice.Methods One hundred eighty pathogen-free adult male C57BL/6 mice,aged 10-14 weeks,weighing 20-26 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=60 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S);sepsis group (group Sep);TLR7 agonist group (group GDQ).Sepsis was induced by cecum ligation and puncture.In group GDQ,TLR7 agonist 1.5 g/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 24 h before establishment of the model.At 6,12 and 24 h after operation,10 mice in each group were sacrificed,and the livers were removed to detect the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 by Western blot.The expression of JNK was determined by immuno-histochemistry,and the histopathologic changes of livers were examined with a light microscope at 24 h after operation.The survival of mice was observed at 14 days after operation,and the 14-day survival rates were calculated.Results Compared with group S,the 14-day survival rates were significantly decreased,and the expression of IL-6,IL-10 and JNK was significantly up-regulated at 6,12 and 24 h after operation in Sep and GDQ groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group Sep,the 14-day survival rates were significantly increased,and the expression of IL-6,IL-10 and JNK was significantly down-regulated at 6,12 and 24 h after operation in group GDQ (P＜0.05).The pathological changes of livers were significantly attenuated in group GDQ as compared with group Sep.Conclusion TLR7 agonist can reduce the liver injury through blocking the JNK signaling pathway in the septic mice.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of clemastine fumarate in antagonizing atracuriuminduced release of histamine in the patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.Methods Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 21-59 yr,with body mass index of 17-26 kg/m2,scheduled for elective modified radical mastectomy,were divided into 2 groups (n=40 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and clemastine fumarat group (group CF).Clemastine fumarate 2 mg was injected intramuscularly at 20 min before induction of anesthesia.Anesthesia was induced with iv midazolam 0.1 mg/kg,etomidate 0.3 mg/kg,fentanyl 4-6 μg/kg and atracurium 0.8 mg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated after insertion of the larygeal mask airway.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 2％ sevoflurane.Before administration of clemastine fumarate,at 20 min after administration,immediately before administration of atracurium,and at 2,5,10 and 20 min after administration of atracurium,arterial blood samples were taken for determination of plasma histamine concentrations,and the peak airway pressure and degree of cutaneous color were recorded.The development of histaminemia and adverse cardiovascular events was assessed.Steward recovery scores and Ramsay sedation scores were recorded at 10 min after removal of the laryngeal mask airway.Results The incidence of histaminemia was 60％ and 8％ in C and CF groups,respectively.Compared with group C,the plasma histamine concentrations,incidence of histaminemia,degree of cutaneous color,and incidence of hypotension and tachycardia were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the peak airway pressure,Steward recovery scores and Ramsay sedation scores in group CF (P＞0.05).Conclusion For atracurium-induced release of histamine in the patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia,clemastine fumarate 2 mg injected intramuscularly before operation can not only antagonize histamine at H1 level,but also reduce histamine release,and exerts no influence on recovery from anesthesia and produces good antihistamine efficacy.