Objective To investigate the effect of lamivudine for the prevention of hepatitis Bvirus reinfection in post-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients.Methods Clinical data of 41adult patients followed up for 2 years after liver transplantation,who received lamivudine prophylactic strategy for HBV reinfection,were analyzed retrospectively.Results Ten cases developed hepatitis B virus(HBV) reinfection,and 9 of them were caused by LAM-resistant HBV(YMDD).The one-and 2-year rate of HBV reinfection after transplantation was(9.8 %)(4/41) and(24.4 %)(10/41) respectively.The reinfection rate of group with negative preOLT serum HBV DNA was much lower than in the HBV DNA positive group.The reinfection rate of group receiving long-term(more than 6 months) lamivudine treatment and group not receiving anti-virus treatment pre-OLT was(66.7 %) and(23.1 %),respectively.Both of them were remarkably higher than in the group receiving short-term less than 6 months lamivudine treatment.Conclusions The short-term(less than 6 months) lamivudine treatment pre-OLT can suppress serum HBV DNA replication effectively,and long-term more than 6 months lamivudine treatment pre-OLT can decline the rate of HBV reinfection obviously.But the prophylaxis of long-term LAM monotherapy may induce LAM-resistant HBV variants(YMDD) reinfection.

[Objective]To explore the effects of invigorating the kidney,promoting qi and activating blood method in repairing articular cartilage defects in rabbits with chodrocytes induced by bone marrow matrix stem cell.[Method]The complexes from seeding of chondrocytes and allograft chondrocytes encapsulated in collagen gel and cultured in Guyanding drug serum into CPPf/PLLA scaffolds were cultured in vitro for 3 weeks. Some complexes were observed with the phase-contrast microscope or scanning electron microscope and others were allotransplanted into articular cartilage defects in rabbits.The specimens harvested at 4,8,12 weeks were analyzed by observation,histology and type Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemistry.[Result]The induced chondrocytes were embedded in scaffolds evenly the formation,smoothness of the surface and integration with adjacent tissues of the hyaline cartilage-like tissues,distribution of type Ⅱ collagen in the matrix of the induced chondrocytes group were better than all those in the chondrocyte group.[Conclusion]The method of invigorating the kidney,promoting qi and activating blood has superiority in repairing articular cartilage defects over the traditional method.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer.Methods From June 2007 to June 2013,51 untreated patients with histopathologically proven rectal cancer (T3/T4 or N (+))were included in this study.Three-dimensional radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvic cavity at 45.0-50.4 Gy/25-28 fractions.Two cycles of chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 or XELOX were given concurrently at weeks 1 and 4 of radiotherapy.Surgery was performed at 4-8 weeks after chemoradiotherapy.Adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 or XELOX was given within one month after surgery.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates,and the log-rank test was used for univariate analysis;the Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results Fortynine patients completed the preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery.The median follow-up was 2.9 years.The overall sphincter preservation rate was 65％;the overall downstaging rate was 59％.Ten (20.4％) of all patients achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR).Grade ≥3 toxicities occurred in 25％ of all patients,and the overall postoperative complication rate was 31％.The 3-and 5-year sample sizes were 24,12,respectively.The 3-and 5-year overall survival rates were 81％ and 69％,respectively;the 3-and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 76％ and 60％,respectively;the 3-and 5-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates were 78％ and 70％,respectively;the distant metastasis-free survival rates were 82％ and 74％,respectively.The multivariate analysis showed that tumor downstaging was an independent prognostic factor for 5-year DFS and LRFS.Conclusions For locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer,preoperative radiotherapy with concurrent FOLFOX4/XELOX chemotherapy can increase pathologic downstaging rate,pCR rate,and sphincter preservation rate.Patients with tumor downstaging may have a better survival advantage.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of monosialotetrahexosyl gangliosides ( GM-1 ) on neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats by observing the effect of GM1 on the expression and motor function of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and Choline acetyltransterase (ChAT). MethodsSixty-six adult female Wistar rats (weighing 260-300 g) were enrolled in the study and six were selected randomly as the normal control group. The rest were divided into GM1 group (group A, n =30) and normal saline control group (group B, n =30) after acute contusion injury was made at T10 level according to the improved Allen's method. At days 1,3, 7, 14 and 28 after operation, the neurological function of the low extremities was assessed with the improved Tarlov scale. Then,the rats were sacrificed to obtain the spinal cord tissues. There were six rats in each group at different time points. The expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT were detected with immunohistochemistry after SCI in rats. ResultsThe improved Tarlov scale in the Group A was higher than that in the Group B after SCI since the 7th day after operation, with statistical difference at day 7, 14 and 28 after operation ( P ＜0. 05). The expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT in the Group A were higher than that in the Group B after SCI ( P ＜ 0.05 ). ConclusionsThe neurological function recovery of the low extremities has some correlations with the expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT after SCI in the rats. GM-1 can protect the neurons by promoting the expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT after SCI.

AIM　To investigate effect of urotensin Ⅱ (UⅡ)on proliferation of aort a smooth muscle cells （ASMC）of rat and study the signal transduction pathway o f it. METHODS　In cultured ASMC of rat, UⅡ was used to stimulate proliferation of these cells and levels of ［3H］-TdR incorporation were used to evaluate the speed of DNA synthesis, and different inhibitors were used to s tudy the action of different signal transduction pathway of mitogenic effect of UⅡ on VSMC. RESULTS　1×10-9～1×10-7 mol*L- 1 UⅡ caused marked concentration-dependent increasing of ［3H］-TdR i ncor poration of ASMC. ［3H］-TdR incorporation of 1×10-9,1×10-8 and 1×10-7 mol*L-1 UⅡ were 22%（P<0.05）, 57%（P<0.01）and 65%（P<0.01）higher than control. Nicardipine, H7, W7 and PD98059 , which are inhibitors of calcium channel, PKC, CaM-PK and MAPK respectively, inhibited the effects of UⅡ obviously, with the inhibitory rate by 55%（P< 0.01）, 27%（P<0.01）,18%（P<0.05）and 16%（P<0.05）respectively . CONCLUSION　UⅡ is a strong mitogen for VSMC and the mitogenic e ffect of UⅡ is probably mediated by Ca2+, PKC, CaM-PK and MAPK signal tr ansduction pathway.

Objective To evaluate the prognosis and side-effects of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3 DCRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate carcinoma. Methods From 2001 to 2009, 62 patients with prostate carcinoma treated with radiotherapy were included in the retrospective analysis. Among them, 60 patients received IMRT while the other two received 3DCRT. There were 56 patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy before radiotherapy. The median dose was 78 Gy to 95% planning target volume (PTV) of the prostate and seminal vesicles, and the median dose to 95% PTV of the pelvic lymph nodes was 48 Gy. Results The median follow-up was 15.4 months. The 3-and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 92% and 83%, with the corresponding biochemical disease-free survival rates of 87% and 69%, and the distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate of 77% and 55%, respectively. Patients with a PSA nadir ≤ 2 ng/ml had a 3-year OS of 94% and DMFS of 88%, compared with 56% and 11% (χ~2 = 16. 39, P < 0.01 for OS ; χ~2 = 28. 87, P < 0. 01 for DMFS) for those with a PSA nadir > 2 ng/ml. The incidence of grade 1 and 2 urinary toxicity was 32% and 0% for acute damage, 10% and 0% for late damage, respectively. The incidence of grade 1 and 2 intestinal toxicity was 19% and 3%. for acute damage, 5% and 3% for late damage, respectively. Conclusions Radiation therapy for patients with prostate carcinoma shows satisfactory outcomes with a good toleration. Monitor of PSA after radiotherapy has benefit for prognosis evaluation.

Objective To investigate the role of astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the development of neuropathic pain (NP) in rats. Methods Forty-eight adult male SD rats weighing 200-230 g were randomly divided into 8 groups (n =6 each): Ⅰ control group (group C);Ⅱ sham operation group (group S);group ⅢNP;Ⅳ-Ⅶ 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/L methionine sulfoximine (MSO, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS)) group (group M1-4 );Ⅷ MSO + glutaminate group (group MG). In group C no operation was performed. In group S the sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated. NP was induced by ligation of the tibial nerve and commom peroneal nerve according to the technique described by Dixon. After the establishment of the model, intrathecal PBS 50 μl was injected in group NP, IT 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/L MSO 50 μl was injected intrathecally in group M1-4, and 0.05 mmol/L MSO 50 μl was injected intrathecally and then 0.25 mmol/L glutamine 50 μl was injected intrathecally 15 min later in group MG. Mechanical pain threshold was measured 1 week before ligation (T0 , baseline), 1 week after ligation (T1) and 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after injection of MSO (T2-5). Then rats were killed and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and GS and the co-expression (GFAP/GS) in the dorsal horn.Results Mechanical pain threshold was significantly lower at T1-5 in group MG and NP and at T2-4 in group M3.4 ,and the expression of GFAP, GS and GFAP/GS was significantly higher in group MG,NP and M3 than in group S and C ( P ＜ 0.05) .Conclusion Astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the spinal cord is involved in the development of neuropathic pain in rats.

Objective To review the experience of modified sternal elevation in management of pectus excavatum deformities. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 268 children with pectus excavatum deformities from January 2002 to December 2005.Of these patients,213 were boys and 55 were girls.Their age ranged from 2 to 16 years and 2 months[mean,(4.48?2.74) years)].Among then,69 cases were aged from 2 to 3 years,130 cases from 3 to 6 years and 69 cases over 6 years.268 patients with PE underwent modified sternal elevation and fixation with the home made stainless steel strut.The lung cysts,esophageal hatal hernia and congenital heart diseases were surgical treated simultaneously.Results There was no death postoperative.Postoperative compli- cations included pneumonia in 1 case,subcutaneous fluid in 2.the foUow-up period was 1-5 years.One patient was found having light notch in sternum.All patients had satisfactory results.In 165 cases stainless steel strut have been taken off postoperatively and no recurrence occurred.Conclusion The modified sternal elevation procedure for pectus excavatum results in an excellent cosmetic outcome.

AIM To investigate effect of urotensin Ⅱ (U Ⅱ )on proliferation of aorta smooth muscle cells (ASMC) of rat and study the signal transduction pathway of it. MEfHODS in cultured ASMC of rat, U Ⅱ was used to stimulate proliferation of these cells and levels of [3H]-TdR incorporation were used to evaluate the sped of DNA synthesis, and different inhibitors were ed to study the action of different signal transduction pathway of mitogenic effect of UⅡ on VSMC. RESULTS. 1 ? 10-9~l ? 10-7 mol. L-l U Ⅱ caused marked concentration-de pendent increasing of [3H]-TdR incorporation of ASMC [3H]-TdR incorporation of 1 ? 10-9, 1 ? 10-8 and １ ? 10-7 mol. L－l U Ⅱ were 22%'(P

AIM:To investigate the effect of batroxobin on thromboxane A 2(TXA 2)level in canine heart ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the cardioprotective mechanism of batroxobin against I/R injury. METHODS: Canine heart ischemia was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 90 min reperfusion.Batroxobin was intravenously administered before heart ischemia and 15 min before reperfusion.The level of plasma thromboxane (TXA 2) ,creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH ) and the concentration of myocardial TXA 2 were measured. The pathological changes in I/R myocardium were observed. RESULTS: In I/R group, TXA 2 levels of both plasma and myocardium increased significantly,and myocardium was injured obviously. Myocyte cells of central zone of I/R heart showed intracellular edema, swollen and damaged mitochondria, and fragmentation of cristae and concentrated nucleus. Plasma CK and LDH level was also elevated. Both ways of batroxobin administration reduced TXA 2 level apparently and plasma CK?LDH were also reduced significantly. LVEDP lowered while +dp/dt max elevated greatly,the mortality of I/R canine reduced obviously. CONCLUSION: Batroxobin decreased TXA 2 levels of both plasma and myocardium significantly, and could afford protection from I/R injury.