Objective To investigate the effect of lamivudine for the prevention of hepatitis Bvirus reinfection in post-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients.Methods Clinical data of 41adult patients followed up for 2 years after liver transplantation,who received lamivudine prophylactic strategy for HBV reinfection,were analyzed retrospectively.Results Ten cases developed hepatitis B virus(HBV) reinfection,and 9 of them were caused by LAM-resistant HBV(YMDD).The one-and 2-year rate of HBV reinfection after transplantation was(9.8 %)(4/41) and(24.4 %)(10/41) respectively.The reinfection rate of group with negative preOLT serum HBV DNA was much lower than in the HBV DNA positive group.The reinfection rate of group receiving long-term(more than 6 months) lamivudine treatment and group not receiving anti-virus treatment pre-OLT was(66.7 %) and(23.1 %),respectively.Both of them were remarkably higher than in the group receiving short-term less than 6 months lamivudine treatment.Conclusions The short-term(less than 6 months) lamivudine treatment pre-OLT can suppress serum HBV DNA replication effectively,and long-term more than 6 months lamivudine treatment pre-OLT can decline the rate of HBV reinfection obviously.But the prophylaxis of long-term LAM monotherapy may induce LAM-resistant HBV variants(YMDD) reinfection.

[Objective]To explore the effects of invigorating the kidney,promoting qi and activating blood method in repairing articular cartilage defects in rabbits with chodrocytes induced by bone marrow matrix stem cell.[Method]The complexes from seeding of chondrocytes and allograft chondrocytes encapsulated in collagen gel and cultured in Guyanding drug serum into CPPf/PLLA scaffolds were cultured in vitro for 3 weeks. Some complexes were observed with the phase-contrast microscope or scanning electron microscope and others were allotransplanted into articular cartilage defects in rabbits.The specimens harvested at 4,8,12 weeks were analyzed by observation,histology and type Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemistry.[Result]The induced chondrocytes were embedded in scaffolds evenly the formation,smoothness of the surface and integration with adjacent tissues of the hyaline cartilage-like tissues,distribution of type Ⅱ collagen in the matrix of the induced chondrocytes group were better than all those in the chondrocyte group.[Conclusion]The method of invigorating the kidney,promoting qi and activating blood has superiority in repairing articular cartilage defects over the traditional method.

AIM:To investigate the effect of batroxobin on thromboxane A 2(TXA 2)level in canine heart ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the cardioprotective mechanism of batroxobin against I/R injury. METHODS: Canine heart ischemia was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 90 min reperfusion.Batroxobin was intravenously administered before heart ischemia and 15 min before reperfusion.The level of plasma thromboxane (TXA 2) ,creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH ) and the concentration of myocardial TXA 2 were measured. The pathological changes in I/R myocardium were observed. RESULTS: In I/R group, TXA 2 levels of both plasma and myocardium increased significantly,and myocardium was injured obviously. Myocyte cells of central zone of I/R heart showed intracellular edema, swollen and damaged mitochondria, and fragmentation of cristae and concentrated nucleus. Plasma CK and LDH level was also elevated. Both ways of batroxobin administration reduced TXA 2 level apparently and plasma CK?LDH were also reduced significantly. LVEDP lowered while +dp/dt max elevated greatly,the mortality of I/R canine reduced obviously. CONCLUSION: Batroxobin decreased TXA 2 levels of both plasma and myocardium significantly, and could afford protection from I/R injury.

AIM: To observe the alteration of urotensin II (UII) receptors and contractile response to UII in rat aorta after balloon angioplasty injury. METHODS: The plasma membrane isolated from balloon injured aorta was used to study the binding of [ 125 I]-UII to the membrane and the contractile potency of UII on rat aorta was assayed. RESULTS: In contrast to the normal aorta, the contractile potency to UII enhanced in balloon injury artery and the calculated maximal number of specific binding sites (Bmax) was increased about 44% and 36% respectively in rat artery after balloon injury 3 and 21 days ( P

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of monosialotetrahexosyl gangliosides ( GM-1 ) on neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats by observing the effect of GM1 on the expression and motor function of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and Choline acetyltransterase (ChAT). MethodsSixty-six adult female Wistar rats (weighing 260-300 g) were enrolled in the study and six were selected randomly as the normal control group. The rest were divided into GM1 group (group A, n =30) and normal saline control group (group B, n =30) after acute contusion injury was made at T10 level according to the improved Allen's method. At days 1,3, 7, 14 and 28 after operation, the neurological function of the low extremities was assessed with the improved Tarlov scale. Then,the rats were sacrificed to obtain the spinal cord tissues. There were six rats in each group at different time points. The expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT were detected with immunohistochemistry after SCI in rats. ResultsThe improved Tarlov scale in the Group A was higher than that in the Group B after SCI since the 7th day after operation, with statistical difference at day 7, 14 and 28 after operation ( P ＜0. 05). The expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT in the Group A were higher than that in the Group B after SCI ( P ＜ 0.05 ). ConclusionsThe neurological function recovery of the low extremities has some correlations with the expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT after SCI in the rats. GM-1 can protect the neurons by promoting the expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT after SCI.

AIM　To investigate effect of urotensin Ⅱ (UⅡ)on proliferation of aort a smooth muscle cells （ASMC）of rat and study the signal transduction pathway o f it. METHODS　In cultured ASMC of rat, UⅡ was used to stimulate proliferation of these cells and levels of ［3H］-TdR incorporation were used to evaluate the speed of DNA synthesis, and different inhibitors were used to s tudy the action of different signal transduction pathway of mitogenic effect of UⅡ on VSMC. RESULTS　1×10-9～1×10-7 mol*L- 1 UⅡ caused marked concentration-dependent increasing of ［3H］-TdR i ncor poration of ASMC. ［3H］-TdR incorporation of 1×10-9,1×10-8 and 1×10-7 mol*L-1 UⅡ were 22%（P<0.05）, 57%（P<0.01）and 65%（P<0.01）higher than control. Nicardipine, H7, W7 and PD98059 , which are inhibitors of calcium channel, PKC, CaM-PK and MAPK respectively, inhibited the effects of UⅡ obviously, with the inhibitory rate by 55%（P< 0.01）, 27%（P<0.01）,18%（P<0.05）and 16%（P<0.05）respectively . CONCLUSION　UⅡ is a strong mitogen for VSMC and the mitogenic e ffect of UⅡ is probably mediated by Ca2+, PKC, CaM-PK and MAPK signal tr ansduction pathway.

Objective To evaluate the prognosis and side-effects of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3 DCRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate carcinoma. Methods From 2001 to 2009, 62 patients with prostate carcinoma treated with radiotherapy were included in the retrospective analysis. Among them, 60 patients received IMRT while the other two received 3DCRT. There were 56 patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy before radiotherapy. The median dose was 78 Gy to 95% planning target volume (PTV) of the prostate and seminal vesicles, and the median dose to 95% PTV of the pelvic lymph nodes was 48 Gy. Results The median follow-up was 15.4 months. The 3-and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 92% and 83%, with the corresponding biochemical disease-free survival rates of 87% and 69%, and the distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate of 77% and 55%, respectively. Patients with a PSA nadir ≤ 2 ng/ml had a 3-year OS of 94% and DMFS of 88%, compared with 56% and 11% (χ~2 = 16. 39, P < 0.01 for OS ; χ~2 = 28. 87, P < 0. 01 for DMFS) for those with a PSA nadir > 2 ng/ml. The incidence of grade 1 and 2 urinary toxicity was 32% and 0% for acute damage, 10% and 0% for late damage, respectively. The incidence of grade 1 and 2 intestinal toxicity was 19% and 3%. for acute damage, 5% and 3% for late damage, respectively. Conclusions Radiation therapy for patients with prostate carcinoma shows satisfactory outcomes with a good toleration. Monitor of PSA after radiotherapy has benefit for prognosis evaluation.

Objective To investigate the role of astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the development of neuropathic pain (NP) in rats. Methods Forty-eight adult male SD rats weighing 200-230 g were randomly divided into 8 groups (n =6 each): Ⅰ control group (group C);Ⅱ sham operation group (group S);group ⅢNP;Ⅳ-Ⅶ 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/L methionine sulfoximine (MSO, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS)) group (group M1-4 );Ⅷ MSO + glutaminate group (group MG). In group C no operation was performed. In group S the sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated. NP was induced by ligation of the tibial nerve and commom peroneal nerve according to the technique described by Dixon. After the establishment of the model, intrathecal PBS 50 μl was injected in group NP, IT 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/L MSO 50 μl was injected intrathecally in group M1-4, and 0.05 mmol/L MSO 50 μl was injected intrathecally and then 0.25 mmol/L glutamine 50 μl was injected intrathecally 15 min later in group MG. Mechanical pain threshold was measured 1 week before ligation (T0 , baseline), 1 week after ligation (T1) and 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after injection of MSO (T2-5). Then rats were killed and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and GS and the co-expression (GFAP/GS) in the dorsal horn.Results Mechanical pain threshold was significantly lower at T1-5 in group MG and NP and at T2-4 in group M3.4 ,and the expression of GFAP, GS and GFAP/GS was significantly higher in group MG,NP and M3 than in group S and C ( P ＜ 0.05) .Conclusion Astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the spinal cord is involved in the development of neuropathic pain in rats.

Objective To evaluate the activation of the visual cortex in patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) and to explore whether the neuronal activity corresponds with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and cup-to-disc (C/D) values.Methods Twenty-five patients and 25 gender-and agematched healthy volunteers were studied.Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and three-dimensional brain volume imaging (3 D BRAVO) sequences were obtained using 3 T MR imaging system.A full-screen black-white shift checkerboard was used for visual stimulus during the fMRI experiment and was performed on each eye of all subjects using a visual-acoustical system.All acquired data were postprocessed and analyzed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM).After analysis,individual activated mapping,intra-group mean activated mapping,and inter-group variant mapping were observed.The voxel number,intensity,and Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate of the activated clusters were recorded.The Xjviewer software was utilized to obtain activated voxel numbers in occipital lobe.A Pearson correlated test was performed to test the correlation between the number of activated voxels and RNFL,C/D and Hodapp-Anderson-Parrish (HAP) clinical stage.Results Intra-group mean activated mappings of both patients and volunteers showed obvious activation in bilateral occipital lobes.As compared with healthy volunteers,the POAG patients exhibited statistically significantly decreased activation in bilateral occipital lobes,left hippocampus,and left cerebellum,along with lower mean RNFL [(71.56 ±21.54) i m versus (111.88 ± 9.96) μm] and higher C/D values (0.71 ± 0.18 versus 0.36 ± 0.08 ; t value was respectively-10.901 and 11.643,P ＜ 0.05).The number of activated voxels in the occipital lobes of POAG patients did not correlate with RNFL,C/D and HAP clinical stage of the corresponding eye (r value was respectively 0.157,-0.113 and-0.242,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions fMRI demonstrated differences in visual cortex activation in POAG patients relative to healthy volunteers,suggesting it might be a promising complementary method for diagnosing glaucoma.However,fMRI findings did not correlate with POAG extent,as measured by RNFL and C/D values.Ophthalmological examination remains to play an important role in the evaluation of open-angle glaucoma.

This study was aimed to optimize the purification technology for Sambucus williamsii Hance. With the morroniside as a marker, the purification technology for Sambucus williamsii Hance was optimized by different types of macroporous resin. The results showed that the optimum purification technology was that, the extract of less than 1:250 (morroniside:resin) was adsorbed and the AB-8 resin was washed with distilled water, and then the morroni-side was eluted from the macroporous resin with 10% ethanol. And the content of the morroniside was more than 50%. It was concluded that the purification technology was simple, reliable, repeatable and suitable for industrial production.