Photo images,as a useful visual aid,are frequently seen in medical journals.This paper discusses the importance of photo in medical papers.Problems with the photos are discussed,which includes absence of caption,the illegibility of the photos,the inferior contrasts,absence of the unusual changes,etc..Suggestions are given to improve photo effect so as to improve the quality of medical papers.

Evidence based medicine is based on the high quality evidence from medical journals.In this paper,the progress of evidence based medicine(EBM)and its effects on clincal practice and research are introduced,and the necessary of carrying out editorial examination and appraisal on statistical problems in medical articles is discussed.

BACKGROUND: Bone defects are widely seen in patients with development dysplasia of hip or revision, thus resulting in a difficulty in acetabular treatment. High placement technique has been suggested to ensure the appropriate bone-prosthesis contact and simplify the surgery. Because biomechanics is involved, it has aroused many concerns,even its curative efficacy.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research and progress of high placement technique applied in total hip arthroplasty (THA).METHODS: A computer-based online research was conducted for articles published until December 2016 in PubMed and CNKI databases using the keywords of proximal placement, superior placement, high placement, high hip center,elevated hip center, total hip arthroplasty, revision total hip arthroplasty, dysplasia of developmental hip in English and Chinese, respectively. Totally 67 literatures were retrieved, and finally 45 eligible articles were enrolled in accordance with the inclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) High placement technique is feasible for acetabular bone defects in THA, especially can simplify THA with complicated conditions. (2) Seemingly it goes against the principle of restoring anatomic hip center,but THA with high placement can obtain initial stability based on enough bone contact through adjusting the reconstruction position properly, interface improvement, appropriate prosthesis, as well as developed operations and conception, meanwhile, exposes no effect on biomechanics of hip. (3) Notably, the definition and term of high placement are chaotic in Chinese and English literatures, which need to be standardized further.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the risk of breast cancer and abortions among nulliparous women. Methods Searched the data of Cochrane Library and PubMed before June 2014 to identify potentially studies which involved the relationship between the risk of breast cancer and abortions among nulliparous women. Data was extracted by two independent authors from each study. STATA software was used for statistical analysis. Calculated the pooled RR and 95% CI as the assessment of the link between abortions and breast cancer in fixed effects models. Results 13 studies were included. The study showed the RR and 95%CI of the relationship between the risk of breast cancer and abortions was 0. 98[0. 89,1. 08],P>0. 05 in nulliparous women, and the number of abortions was not associated with the risk of breast cancer. The RR and 95%CI of the relationship between the risk of breast cancer and induced abortions or spontaneous abor-tions were 0. 96[0. 88,1. 04],1. 01[0. 88,1. 14], respectively. Conclusion There is no correlation between breast cancer and abortions a-mong the nulliparous women, and the risk of breast cancer would not increas as the number of abortions increase.

Objective To study the effect of ultrasound-mediated microbubble on the concentration of cefuroxime in rat prostate. Methods Twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into the experimental group ( ultrasound-mediated microbubble+cefuroxime group) and the control group ( cefuroxime group) . The experimental group was given cefuroxime and microbubble via the tail vein, and then the prostates were exposed to ultrasonic irradiation for five minutes. The control group was given cefuroxime and the same amount of normal salin via the tail vein, and then given sham ultrasonic irradiation for five minutes. After the prostate was taken, cefuroxime concentration in pros-tate was measured by high performance liquid chromatograph. Results Concentration of cefuroxime in the experimental and the control group were (16. 274 ± 9. 515) μg/mg and (8. 336 ± 6. 743) μg/mg respectively. Compared to the control group, the concentration of cefuroxime was significant higher in the experimental group, and the difference is statistically significant (P <0. 05). Conclusion Low-dose ultra-sound-mediated microbubble can significantly improve the permeability of rat prostate tissue, thereby enhancing the drug concentration in prostate tissue.

OBJECTIVETo measure uric acid of seminal plasma in fertile and infertile males.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty-three infertile males were divided into an obstructive azoospermic group (15 cases), a non-obstructive azoospermic group (36 cases), an oligozoospermic group (43 cases), and an asthenozoospermic group (69 cases). Twenty fertile males were included in the control group. Uric acid concentrations of seminal plasma in the fertile and infertile men were assessed by spectrophotometer, and sperm parameters were analyzed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system.

RESULTSUric acid concentration of seminal plasma in the control group was significantly higher than all the infertile groups (P < 0.01), and that of the obstructive azoospermic group significantly lower than the other infertile groups (P < 0.1), but no significant difference was observed among the other infertile groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONUric acid may play an important role in male reproduction because of its antioxidative property.

Adult ; Azoospermia ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; metabolism ; Male ; Oligospermia ; metabolism ; Semen ; chemistry ; Uric Acid ; analysis

Objective To search for application ways for the safe and effective clinical methods of arsenic-containing Compound Qinghuang Powder (Compound QHP) for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods Totally 200 patients with MDS were included in the study and treated with Compound QHP. After one-month treatment, the 60 patients with the blood arsenic concentrations <20 μg/L were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, with 30 cases in each group. Control group was given stable treatment, while the treatment group was given increased dose of realgar; blood arsenic concentration was detected monthly; realgar 0.1 g was increased each time until blood arsenic concentrations ≥20 μg/L and realgar ≤0.3 g/d. The blood arsenic concentration, clinical efficacy and safety in the two groups were observed. Results Totally 24 cases in each group were included for evaluation finally. The average blood arsenic concentration of treatment group was significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). The rate of hematologic improvement was significantly higher in treatment group (54.2％, 13/24) than that in control group (29.2％, 7/24) , with significant difference (P<0.05). The Hb, ANC, and PLT significantly increased in treatment group after treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference of incidence rate of adverse reaction observed between treatment group and control group (P>0.05). Conclusion In application of Compound QHP, the blood arsenic concentration can be monitored to adjust the daily dose of realgar, thus to increase the effective blood arsenic concentration, and then improving efficacy without increasing the clinical toxicity.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of compound Qinghuang powder (compound QHP) for treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and its association with blood arsenic concentration (BAC). Methods 40 patients with MDS were treated with compound QHP, and the clinical efficacy, safety, and its association with BAC were evaluated after treatment for 6, 9 months, respectively. Results After treatment for 6 months, the rate of hematology improvement was 32.5 % (13/40), and the effective rate was 87.5%(35/40). 21 cases depended on the blood transfusion before treatment, after treatment 6 cases completely got rid of blood transfusion and the blood transfusion of another 6 cases was decreased by more than 50 %. The absolute neutrophil count was increased from (0.50±0.13)×109/L to (0.93±0.33)×109/L (t= 4.130, P= 0.0008). The hemoglobin content was increased from (71.06±14.82) g/L to (80.41±27.35) g/L (t= 2.233, P= 0.0321). After treatment for 9 months, 76.2 % (16/40) of the patients got rid of blood transfusion or blood transfusion reduction was more than 50%. The platelet count was increased from (45.04 ± 24.38)×109/L to (60.65±29.46)×109/L (t= 2.241, P= 0.0335). The incidence of abdominal pain and diarrhea after treatment for 1, 3 and 6 months were 12.5 % (5/40), 10.0 % (4/40) and 5.0 % (2/40), respectively, all belonging to mild level . Before treatment , there were 12 patients with abnormal liver function , including 6 cases back to normal after treatment, and 6 cases of significantly relieved, without new case with abnormal liver function. Before treatment, there were 10 cases with abnormal myocardial enzymes, including 1 cases back to normal after treatment and 9 cases significantly relieved, without new case with abnormal myocardial enzymes. No patient with abnormal renal function was observed before and after treatment. The BAC was (7.71±5.65) μg/L before treatment, which was significantly lower than that of 1, 3 and 6 months [(29.27±9.07)μg/L, (27.79 ±10.18) μg/L and (31.98 ±12.55) μg/L respectively, all P< 0.0001]. There was no significant change of BAC among the patients after treatment for 1, 3 and 6 months (P> 0.05). The BAC in efficacy group [(33.48 ±12.56) μg/L] was significantly higher than that in non-efficacy group [(21.46 ±6.00) μg/L] (t=2.089, P=0.035). 12.5% (5/40) of the patients had mild gastrointestinal side effects after treatment for 1 month, while the BAC of them [(16.93 ±1.80) μg/L] was significantly lower than that in patients without gastrointestinal side effects [(31.78±1.39 ) μg/L, P<0.0001]. The occurrence rate of abdominal pain and diarrhea was decreased after treatment for 3 and 6 months, while the BAC was increased gradually. Conclusions Compound QHP is effective in the treatment of MDS with mild adverse reactions. There is no damage to the heart, liver, and renal function. Besides, it shows that reducing the gastrointestinal adverse reactions and maintaining the effective concentration of BAC play a significant role in the effect of compound QHP in the treatment of MDS.

Trauma center is an important link of trauma treatment, which is beneficial for professional integrated treatment of trauma patients and reduction of disability and death rate. The establishment of trauma rescue and treatment system is conducive to improving the regional trauma treatment capacity, rationalizing the layout of medical resources and standardizing the trauma treatment. Making full use of geographic information system (GIS) to analyze the big data such as the number of trauma patients, population, ground traffic situation and geographic information in the region and scientifically plan the number and location of trauma centers in the region is crucial to further optimize the geographic layout of trauma treatment centers, coordinate regional trauma treatment resources and improve the overall treatment capacity and is conducive to optimizing trauma treatment resources, improving regional trauma treatment capacity and reducing the disability and death rate of trauma patients. Based on domestic and foreign literature researches, the authors discuss how to use GIS to optimize the trauma rescue and treatment system in China in order to provide a useful reference for construction of regional trauma rescue and treatment system.

Objective: To investigate the methods and short-time clinical results of reconstruction of Paprosky type Ⅲ acetabulum bone defects by using tantalum augments. Methods: A total of 17 patients (17 hips) with Paprosky type Ⅲ acetabulum bone defects, treated with tantalum augments in revision of total hip arthroplasty at Department of Orthopedics Surgery in General Hospital of Chinese People′s Liberation Army were retrospectively analyzed from March 2014 to May 2016.There were 6 males and 11 females aged from 23 to 74 years with an average of (50.2±16.3) years. Tantalum augments or TM-Cup augment (the cup-on-cup technique) were used to reconstruct the defects.The TM-Cup augment was the tantalum revision cup which was removed titanium ring. The cup-on-cup technique combined TM-Cup augment and biological acetabulum cup. Augments were served as the nonresorptive structural allograft in revision of total hip arthroplasty. Harris hip score was used to evaluate clinical effects. The vertical position of the rotation center was measured and analyzed. Radiographic assessments of the acetabular components were performed by DeLee-Charnley and the Anderson criteria and recorded postoperative complications. Results: All the patients were followed up from 3 to 29 months with an average of (16.2±5.4) months, tantalum augments and biological acetabulum cup were used in 13 patients, the TM-Cup augment and biological acetabulum cup were used in 4 patients. At the time of the latest follow-up, the mean Harris hip score increased compared to preoperatively (86.8±8.3 vs. 30.0±12.0) (t=12.78, P<0.01), the average vertical location of the center of rotation was decreased ((25.3±9.8) mm vs.(47.6±10.5)) mm (t=4.95, P<0.01). All the tantalum augments and biological acetabulum cups were stable, there were no infection, dislocation and other complications. Conclusions The use of tantalum augments could be considered as an effective management of Paprosky type Ⅲ defects providing good clinical and radiographic outcomes in the short term.The cup-on-cup technique which was used in reconstruction of severe superior-invagination acetabular bone defects and restoration relatively normal center of rotation had special application value.