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To meet the requirement of curriculum design about medical imaging field to undergraduate in medical college,the course of medical imaging radiation protection was developed by compiling a new textbook,establishing curriculum planning,implementing and evaluating teaching system.The teaching system of “one aim and two follows” was set up by use of three stages and three cycle feedbacks research and the course construction was promoted and developed by its teaching assessment,summary in time and the innovation of the teaching method.

Objective:To study Clinical Effect of Anterolateral Approach ofor the Patients with Hip Arthroplasty and the effect on the serum CRP,IL-6,D-Dimer in levels.Methods:102 Patients with Hip Arthroplasty who received therapy from February 2013 to January 2015 in our hospital,Patients were asked to be divided into observation group and control group.Among them,the control group of 54 cases,through the conventional approach to hip arthroplasty;48 cases of observation group.Serum CRP,IL-6 and D-dimer levels were compared between the two groups before and after surgery,and the efficacy of the two groups was compared by follow-up.Results:After treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05),Serum CRP,IL-6 and D-dimers increased in both groups at 12 h after surgery and decreased gradually at 7 and 14 days.The levels of serum CRP,IL-6 and D-dimer in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 12 h,7 d and 14d(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The clinical effect of the anterolateral approach on hip arthroplasty is more significant than that of conventional approach,and can effectively reduce the levels of serum CRP,IL-6 and D-dimer,and is more favorable for postoperative recovery.

AIM: To investigate the distribution in mice and pharmacokinetics in rabbits of fraction Ⅲ isolated from Naja naja atra venom. METHODS: Fraction Ⅲ was labelled with [~(125)Ⅰ] by chloramine-T method. The drug concentration in blood was determined by a radionuclide tracing kinetic methods. The distribution of [~(125)Ⅰ]-fraction Ⅲ in mice was determined based on the ratio of the relative incorporation of radioactivity in tissues to that in blood. RESULTS: In two and four hours after intravenous injection of fraction Ⅲ in mice, the organs in which the ratio of the radioactivity incorporation was bigger than 1 were liver, kidney, lung, heart and muscle, whth the maximun in kidney. After intravenous injection of fraction Ⅲ, with dosages of 75, 150 and 300 ?g/kg, respectively, the T_(1/2)?, T_(1/2)? and T_(1/2)? were 39.6-42.5 min, 16.8-17.3 h and 21.7-22.1 h, respectively. There was no significant difference between the different dosages. CONCLUSION: Fraction Ⅲ was mostly found in kidney, followed by liver and lung after intravenous administration in mice. The pharmacokinetics is in accordance with the feature of three atrioventricular modle. The AUC is in direct proportion to the dosage. It suggests that the distribution and clearance of the drug is a grade 1 linear kinetic process. [

Objective To analyze the occurrence features of the active surveillance of adverse events following immu?nization (AEFI) in Tianjin, and evaluate the sensitivity of passive surveillance systems over the same period. Methods The layered eight vaccination clinics of four counties were selected as active surveillance points. The data of active surveillance AEFI were collected through telephone investigation in 2011-2013. The data of passive surveillance was collected through the national AEFI information management system. The descriptive methodology and chi square test were used. Results A total of 235 cases were collected through active surveillance in 2011-2013. The AEFI incidence rate was 718.70 per 100 000 doses,no difference in the incidence between three years(χ2=5.07). A total of 4164 cases were collected through passive sur?veillance. The incidence rate was 34.09 per 100 000 doses,the incidence increased year by year(χ2=572.02,P<0.05). In ac?tive surveillance cases, 95.32%was the common vaccine reaction, 3.83%was the rare vaccine reaction, no serious vaccinereaction. In passive surveillance cases, the common vaccine reaction, the rare vaccine reaction were 85.09%and 13.32%. The serious vaccine reaction was found in 44 cases. Conclusion The more slightly common vaccine reaction can be found by active surveillance. The sensitivity of Tianjin passive surveillance system is increasing year by year, which can meet the requirements for job. The classification and diagnostic criteria of the serious vaccine reaction need to be established.

BACKGROUND:Bone cement containing antibiotics for repair of bone defects can achieve sustained release of a higher concentration of sensitive drugs, which wil help kil bacteria and provide the necessary bone grafting bed and space to reduce massive bleeding due to removal of the granulation at bone defects during the second phase. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical efficacy of antibiotic bone cement combined with autologous bone transplantation and Ilizarov external fixator on tibial bone defects after traumatic osteomyelitis. METHODS:A total of 31 patients with tibial bone defects after chronic osteomyelitis, including 19 males and 12 females, aged 17-40 years old. After positive debridement of necrotic tissues at bone stump, Ilizarov external fixator was used for fracture fixation, and autogenous iliac bone grafting combined with bone cement containing antibiotics was performed to repair bone defects. Fracture healing time, knee and ankle scoring were fol owed up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The 31 patients were fol owed up for 6 months to 3.5 years. Tibial fractures were healed without infection recurrence in al patients. The bony union time was 3-6 months, the fixation time was 3-6 months, and the limb extended length was (7.50±1.01) cm. No adverse reactions related to bone cement and bone graft occurred. At 3 months after bone grafting, the scores on the knee and ankle joints were improve significantly. These findings indicate that the antibiotic bone cement combined with autologous bone transplantation and Ilizarov external fixator for repair of post-osteomyelitis posterior tibial bone defects can control infection, promote fracture healing, and restore joint functions.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes and complications of augmented antibiotic-loaded cement spacer in two-stage infected total hip arthroplasty with acetabular bone defect.Methods The periprosthetic infection (PJI) patients with acetabular bone defect were retrospectively reviewed from January 2007 to June 2016 in our hospital.A total of 26 patients (11 males and 15 females) were eligibly included in the present study.The mean age was 46.7 years old.The two-stage revision arthroplasty included implants removel,meticulous debridement,implantation of antibiotic-loaded cement spacer in firststage.After systemic therapy of antibiotics,the prosthesis was implanted in the second-stage.The supra-acetabular antibiotic cement shelf with screws was used to improve hip stability with acetabular wall defect.The handmade acetabular spacer was able to prevent femoral spacer ifto pelvis in patients with acetabular internal wall defect.The clinical outcomes and complications (spacer dislocation,spacer fracture and acetabular wear) were measured.Results The positive rate of bacteria culture was 80.8％ (21/26)and 57.7％ (15/26) patients were cultured with staphylococcus.The others were 2 fungus,2 Gram-positive rod,1 brucella,1 pseudomonas aeruginosa,1 escherichia coli,1 enterococcus faecalis,1 defective probiotics,1 serratiamarcescens and 1 Kocuriaroseus.Moreover,19.2％ (5/26) patients were mixed infection.There was one patient with spacer dislocation and two with spacer fracture.No patients were recurrent infection.Infection was controlled,and two-stage revision was successfully performed in 24 patients.Twenty-two patients were followed averaging 4.1 years (1-8) and the Harris Hip Score was significantly improved from 40.9± 14.0to 81.2± 11.2 at the final follow-up (P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of augmented antibiotic-loaded cement spacer has satisfactory clinical outcomes in PJI patients with acetabular bone defect.It can provide joint mobility and increase additional joint stability with decreased iatrogenic bone defect caused by acetabular wear.

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and traditional open TLIF in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods: A total of 41 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis accepted surgical treatment in Department of Spinal Surgery of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital From July 2015 to April 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 cases accepted robot-assisted minimally invasive TLIF and 25 accepted traditional open TLIF. The operation time, X-ray radiation exposure time, perioperative bleeding, drainage volume, time of hospitalization, time for pain relief, time for ambulatory recovery, visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and complications were compared. T test and χ² were used to analyze data. Results: There were no significant difference in gender, age, numbers, degrees, pre-operative VAS and ODI in spondylolisthesis (all P>0.05). Compared with traditional open TLIF group, the robot-assisted minimally invasive TLIF group had less perioperative bleeding ((187.5±18.4) ml vs. (332.1±23.5) ml), less drainage volume ((103.1±15.6) ml vs. (261.3±19.8) ml), shorter hospitalization ((7.8±1.9) days vs. (10.0±1.6) days), shorter time for pain relief ((2.8±1.0) days vs. (5.2±1.1) days), shorter time for ambulatory recovery ((1.7±0.9) days vs. (2.9±1.3) days) and less VAS of the third day postoperatively (2.2±0.9 vs. 4.2±2.4) (t=2.762-16.738, all P<0.05), but need more operation time ((151.3±12.3) minutes vs. (102.2±7.1) minutes) and more X-ray radiation exposure ((26.1±3.3) seconds vs. (5.5±2.1) seconds) (t=6.125, 15.168, both P<0.01). In both groups ODI was significantly lower in final follow-up than that of the pre-operation (t=12.215, 14.036, P<0.01). Intervertebral disc height of the final follow-up in both groups were significantly larger than that of the preoperation (robot-assisted minimally invasive TLIF group: (11.8 ± 2.8) mm vs. (7.5 ± 1.9) mm, traditional open TLIF group: (12.7 ± 2.5) mm vs. (7.9±2.0) mm), and so was the lumbar lordosis angle (robot-assisted minimally invasive TLIF group: (48.7±9.2)°vs. (39.6±7.9)°, traditional open TLIF group: (50.1±10.8)°vs. (41.4±8.8)°), the lordosis angle of the slippage segment (robot-assisted minimally invasive TLIF group: (18.7±5.6)°vs. (10.9±3.8)°, traditional open TLIF group: (17.6±6.1)°vs.(8.7±3.2)°) (t=4.128-16.738, all P<0.01). Slippage rate of the final follow-up in both groups were significantly smaller than those of the pre-operation (robot-assisted minimally invasive TLIF group: (5.3±2.3) % vs. (27.8±7.2) %, traditional open TLIF group: (6.6±2.8) % vs. (29.1±9.5) %) (t=11.410, 18.504, both P<0.01). There was no difference of the upper data between two groups (t=0.106-1.227, P>0.05). The results of the post-operative CT showed that the pedicle screws in the robot-assisted minimally invasive TLIF group were more precisely placed than traditional open TLIF group (χ²=4.247, P=0.039). The mean follow-up time was 8 months (ranging from 3 to 12 months). There were no significant difference in outcomes between the two groups (χ²=0.366, P=0.545). Conclusions In the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis, Robot-assisted minimally invasive TLIF can lead to less perioperative bleeding, less post-operative pain, and quicker recovery than traditional open TLIF surgery, but it needs more operation time and radiation exposure.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in the treatment of lumbar degenerative scoliosis.Methods:A retrospective study was performed in 116 patients with lumbar degenerative scoliosis and spinal stenosis, who were admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2015 to May 2018. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical method. Among them, 56 patients underwent the OLIF approach (OLIF group), consisting of 21 men and 35 women, with an average age of 65.2±8.7 years. According to Lenke-Silva classification, there were 41 cases of type II and 15 cases of type III in OLIF group. 60 cases underwent the TLIF approach (TLIF group), consisting of 19 men and 41 women, with an average age of 61.3±11.6 years. There were 43 cases of type II and 17 cases of type III in TLIF group. The preoperative and last follow up visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were compared between the two groups. The coronal and sagittal Cobb angle changing and the offset distance for apical midline of the lumbar vertebrae between pre-operation and last follow-up were measured. The respective complications of the two groups were collected.Results:For OLIF group, VAS decreased from 7.7±1.6 at pre-operation to 1.9±1.5 at the last follow up; for TLIF group, VAS decreased from 8.1±1.2 at pre-operation to 2.2±0.9 at the last follow up. Although there were obvious improve for both group compared pre-operation to last follow-up, there was no significant difference between the two groups. For OLIF group, ODI decreased from preoperative 47.5%±9.1% to last follow up 22.4%±6.7%; for TLIF group, ODI decreased from preoperative 52.6%±5.8% to last follow up 25.1%±8.4%. Obvious changes were foundin both group between pre-operation and last follow up, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. For sagittal lumbar cobb angle, OLIF group changed from preoperative 8.6°±5.7° to last follow-up 23.6°±4.3°. TLIF group changed from pre-operation 9.2°±4.2° to last follow-up 21.3°±4.8°. Obvious changes were found in both group between pre-operation and last follow up, while OLIF group had better improvement than TLIF group ( P=0.01). For lumbar coronal Cobb angle, OLIF group changed from preoperative 16.4°±9.6° to last follow-up 2.8°±2.1°, and TLIF group from preoperative 15.2°±7.8° to last follow-up 6.4°±2.7°. Obvious changes were found in both group comparing pre-operation to last follow up, while OLIF group had better improvement. The offset distance for apical midline of the lumbar vertebrae in OLIF group improved from preoperative 26.3±9.4 mm to 4.3±1.9 mm; TLIF group improved from preoperative 23.4±5.5 mm to 7.5±4.2 mm. Obvious changes were found between pre-operation and last follow up for both group, while OLIF group has better improvement compared to TLIF group ( t=-5.26, P=0.03). The fusion rate was 97.7% (127/130) in OLIF group, and 91.1% (164/180) in TLIF group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=1.15, P=0.097). The neural complication rate was 16.1% (9/56) in OLIF groupand 8.3% (5/60) in TLIF group. There was no statistical difference between the two groups ( χ2=1.63, P=0.201). The cage subsidence was 12.3% (16/130) in OLIF group and 21.9% (35/180) in TLIF group. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=4.53, P=0.03). Conclusion:OLIF can be considered as an effectivesurgical option for the treatment of lumbar degenerative scoliosis with spinal stenosis, since it can achieve similar clinical effects and better correction of coronal and sagittal imbalances compared to TLIF.

Bone tissue engineering is considered as one of the most promising way to treat large segmental bone defect. When constructing bone tissue engineering graft , suitable bioreactor is usually used to incubate cell-scaffold complex under perfusion to obtain bone tissue engineering graft with good repair efficiency. However, the theoretical model for growth rate of single cell (especially for stem cell) during this process still has many defects. The difference between stem cells and terminally differentiated cells is always ignored. Based on our previous studies, this study used self-made perfusion apparatus to apply different modes and strengths of fluid shear stress (FSS) to the cells seeded on scaffolds. The effects of FSS on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were investigated. The regression analysis model of the effect of FSS on the single-cell growth rate of MSCs was further established. The results showed that 0.022 5 Pa oscillatory shear stress had stronger ability to promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, and the growth rate of a single MSC cell under FSS was modified. This study is expected to provide theoretical guidance for optimizing the perfusion culture condition of bone tissue engineering grafts .
Cell Differentiation ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Models, Theoretical ; Osteogenesis ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds