[Objective]To compare the osteoinductive activity of calcium sulfate(CS),allogenetic demineralized bone materials(ADBM) and heterogenetic demineralized bone materials(HDBM) by observing their efficiency in inducing bone formation.[Method]CS,ADBM and HDBM were transplanted into thigh muscle pouches of mice.Thirty-six mature Sprague-Dawly mice were divided into 2 groups at random.CS was transplanted into the left(group A 1,n=9) and ADBM into the right(group A2,n=9) thigh muscle pouches.HDBM was transplanted into the left thigh muscle pouches(group B 1,n=9) and the right sites were taken as blank controls(group B2,n=9).Experiments were done to induce ectopic bone formation.At 2,4,6 weeks postoperatively,specimen were collected to evaluate gross and tissue structures and biochemical tests for alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and Ca2+ so that osteoinductive activities of different bone graft materials could be assessed.[Result]At 2 weeks postoperativly,ADBM and HDBM were wrapped up by fibrous tissues and stromal cells gathering around the DBM slices.At 4 weeks postoperativly,formation of cartilage and osteoblasts were observed,and at 6 weeks,materials like cartilage matrix were observed to grow.The concentration of ALP and Ca2+ in study groups was higher than that of control group,which meant that 2 types of DBM had osteogenic potential and that the differences of osteogenetie potential in ADBM and HDBM relied on the donors,whereas CS could be degraded and absorbed fast with light inflammatory reaction and no ectopic bone formation was observed in CS graft.[Conclusion]Both ADBM and HDBM have osteoinductive potential.ADBM is better in inducing ectopic bone formation than HDBM.Differences in donors and preparation of ADBM and HDBM have impacts on their abilities of inducing ectopic bone formation.CS is good at biocompatibility and could be used as bulking agents to repair bone defects.

Objective To analyze the results of distal tibial pilon fractures treated with delayed open reduction and internal fixation. Methods From September 1997 to May 2001, 26 pilon fractures were stabilized temporarily by application of plaster splint, bandage, calcaneal traction (closed fracture) or unilateral external fixations (open fracture) immediately after injury. There were 19 males and 7 females with an average age of 37.6 years ( 15 to 58 years). Of 26 cases, 6 were open fractures and 20 close fractures, 18 of which were associated with fibular fracture. According to Ruedi-Allgower classification, the fractures were classified as typeⅠin 2, typeⅡin 15, and typeⅢ in 9. The conditions of soft tissue were divided into mild close injury without tension vesicle in 8, and severe injury with tension vesicle or open wound in 18. The definitive internal fixations were performed on an average of 10.2 days (range, 7 to 15 days) after injury as soon as the soft tissue recovered. The final outcomes of treatment were evaluated based on clinical rating and radiographic results. Results All patients were available for follow-up at an average of 3.8 years (range, 2 to 5.5 years) after surgery. All fractures healed at an average of 12.7 weeks (range, 8 to 29 weeks) postoperatively. There were 9 excellent(34.6%), 12 good (46.2%), 3 fair (11.5%), and 2 poor (7.7%) results according the ankle score of Teeny and Wiss. The results were significantly affected by the type of fracture and the severity of soft tissue injury, the excellent and good rate was 88.2% in typeⅠandⅡ, and 66.7% in typeⅢ; the total excellent and good rate was 100% in the patients with mild soft tissue injury, and 72.2% in the patients with severe soft tissue injury. The complications including 2 wound superficial infection and 1 skin necrosis, occurred in 3 patients(11.5%), which were successfully treated by local dressing changes. The incidence of osteoarthritis were found in 16 patients (61.5%) showed by X-ray films, but the radiographic manifestations did not correspond well with the clinical score. Conclusion This two-stage treatment protocol for pilon fracture has some advantages of fewer complications and good function.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare diclofenac sodium hollow suppository and establish its quality control. METHODS: The hollow type suppository was prepared with mixed fatty glyceride as the base; the content of diclofenac sodium was deter-mined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The linear range of diclofenac sodium was 5～25 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 7),with an average recovery rate of 102.04%(RSD=1.08%). CONCLUSION: The preparation technology of diclofenac sodium hollow suppository is simple and feasible,and the quality of the suppository is stable and controllable.

?Objective:To analyze the therapeutic characteristic of mandibular prognathism by means of orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment.Methods:125 patients with skeletal mandibular prognathism were treated by intraoral ramus osteotomy or mandibular body osteotomy,They also accepted different preoperative and postoperative orthodoitic treatment according to different surgery.Results: Satisfied results were obtained through combined treatment of orthognathic surgery and orthodontics.The effective rate of intraoral ramus and mandibular body osteotomy was 88.3% and 83.3% respectively .Two patints treated with mandibular body osteotomy relapsed in two years,and mandibular body osteotomy was performed again to correct the diformity.Conclusion:proper pre and postoperative orthodontic treatments are necessary in order to assure asethetics effect and ideal occlusion in new position.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of prehypertension among postmenopausal women.Methods2 592[(43±12)years old] health women were collected as the research object in Saihan District of Hohhot in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in April 2015,including 697[(58±6)years old] postmenopausal subjects and 1 895[(37±8)years old] premenopausal subjects.T test was used to compare means of blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipid, and body massive index (BMI) between postmenopausal group and premenopausal group and to compare prevalence of prehypertension, hyperglycemias, dyslipidemias, overweight, and obesity between two groups.Logistic Regression was implemented to analyze the relationship between different risk factors and prehypertension among postmenopausal women.Results Compared with premenopausal women, the systolic pressure, diastolicpressure, BMI, FBG, triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) in postmenopausal women were significantly higher(P<0.05).Prevalence of prehypertension, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), diabetes, TG abnormalities, LDL abnormalities, overweight, and obesity in postmenopausal women were significantly higher than in premenopausal women(P<0.05).Age 55 to 59, 60 to 64 and above 65 years overweight, obesity, IFG and diabetes were independent risk factors of prehypertension among postmenopausalwomen.Conclusions Age 55 yearsand above, overweight, obesity, IFG and diabetes are the independent risk factors of prehypertension among postmenopausal women.

C groups and coincidence with pathological changes.After treatment fourth and twelfth weeks,ALP activity,calcium content was higher in group A than group B (?

Objective To investigate if glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK)would relieve the liver injury induced by endotoxemia in rats.Methods Sixty SD male rats,weight 200-250g,were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20):control group (group C),lipopolysaccharide group (group LPS,LPS 8 mg/kg)and Glucose-insulin-potassium group(group GIK,8 mg/kg LPS+GIK 4 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 ).All the rats were injected with 20 mg/kg ketamine intraperitonealy before trial. Erythrocin was daubed on the wound to avoid infection.The rats of group LPS and group GIK were injected LPS 8 mg/kg intraperitoneal,then,rats in group LPS and group GIK received saline(4 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 )or GIK(Glucose 200 g/L,Insulin 60 IU/L,KCL 60 mmol/L)infusion continuously. Liver and serum samples were collected on before injection,3 days after injection and 5 days after in-jection.Serum concentrations of ALT and AST were measured.TNF-αlpha of liver homogenate was detected by ELISA.The severity of liver damage was assessed by an approprite histopathological sco-ring system and apoptosis of parenchymal cells were assessed by TUNEL immunofluorescence assay. Results Compared with group control,the level of serum ALT and AST in group LPS and group GIK were significantly higher at 3 days after injection.The level of hepatic TNF-α,the hepatic damage score and the index of hepatic apoptosis in group LPS and group GIK were significantly higher on 3 days after injection and 5 days after injection.(P<0.05).Compared with group LPS,the level of hepatic TNF-αand the hepatocyte apoptosis rates decreased significantly in group GIK on 3 days after injection.The level of serum ALT and AST,hepatic TNF-α,the hepatic damage score and the hepatocyte apoptosis rates decreased significantly in group GIK at 5 days after injection(P <0.05).Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin can cause liver injury in rats,resulting in the liver hepatdysfunction and hepatocyte damage.GIK has protective effects on LPS induced liver injury in rats.

Objective To evaluate the activation of the visual cortex in patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) and to explore whether the neuronal activity corresponds with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and cup-to-disc (C/D) values.Methods Twenty-five patients and 25 gender-and agematched healthy volunteers were studied.Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and three-dimensional brain volume imaging (3 D BRAVO) sequences were obtained using 3 T MR imaging system.A full-screen black-white shift checkerboard was used for visual stimulus during the fMRI experiment and was performed on each eye of all subjects using a visual-acoustical system.All acquired data were postprocessed and analyzed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM).After analysis,individual activated mapping,intra-group mean activated mapping,and inter-group variant mapping were observed.The voxel number,intensity,and Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate of the activated clusters were recorded.The Xjviewer software was utilized to obtain activated voxel numbers in occipital lobe.A Pearson correlated test was performed to test the correlation between the number of activated voxels and RNFL,C/D and Hodapp-Anderson-Parrish (HAP) clinical stage.Results Intra-group mean activated mappings of both patients and volunteers showed obvious activation in bilateral occipital lobes.As compared with healthy volunteers,the POAG patients exhibited statistically significantly decreased activation in bilateral occipital lobes,left hippocampus,and left cerebellum,along with lower mean RNFL [(71.56 ±21.54) i m versus (111.88 ± 9.96) μm] and higher C/D values (0.71 ± 0.18 versus 0.36 ± 0.08 ; t value was respectively-10.901 and 11.643,P ＜ 0.05).The number of activated voxels in the occipital lobes of POAG patients did not correlate with RNFL,C/D and HAP clinical stage of the corresponding eye (r value was respectively 0.157,-0.113 and-0.242,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions fMRI demonstrated differences in visual cortex activation in POAG patients relative to healthy volunteers,suggesting it might be a promising complementary method for diagnosing glaucoma.However,fMRI findings did not correlate with POAG extent,as measured by RNFL and C/D values.Ophthalmological examination remains to play an important role in the evaluation of open-angle glaucoma.

Objective:To discuss the clinical experience of diagnosing and managing of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)rhinorrhea.Method:Twenty-four cases of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea were analysed retrospectively from Janu 2003 to Sept 2008, among which 18 cases from department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and 6 cases from Neurosurgery.Result:Postoperative follow-up lasted from 4 months to 72 months. All the cases were successfully cured, among which 6 cases with conservative treatment and 18 cases under surgery,and no relapse case was found. The 18 cases under surgery included endoscopic approach(12 cases), extra-nasal approach(4 cases), transnasal approach under microscope(2 cases).Conclusion:It is not only minimally invasive, safety and efficiency of transnasal endoscopic technique for CSF leaks, but also without facial scarring after operation. Transnasal endoscopic approach can be preferred for the closure of uncomplicated CSF leak, located at the cribriform plate or the sphenoid sinus. The extra-nasal or intracranial approach may be an attractive option for more complicated and large CSF leak, or the leak site is not easily found with endoscopic.

As lactate is elevated due to lactate metabolic disorder in liver failure, recent studies have shown that blood lactate has a high value in predicting the prognosis of liver failure. With reference to the research findings in recent years, this article introduces the prediction model of LiFe score and reviews the advances in the clinical application of blood lactate level in patients with liver failure in China and foreign countries. It is believed that a high lactate level is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of liver failure patients, and it is proposed that lactate can be used as an important indicator to evaluate the severity and prognosis of liver failure and further optimize the scoring system for the prognosis of related liver diseases.