Objective:To summarize and evaluate emergency and sub-emergency cardiac operations on congenital heart defects in children.Method:From January 2002 to April 2008,emergency and sub-emergency cardiac operations were performed on 172 children(105 males,67 females) with critical congenital heart defects.The age was 5 days～33 months(mean 10.2 ? 8.7 months),and the weight was 2.7 ~13.6 kg(mean 8.2 ? 4.8 kg).Thepreoperative situation included recurrent respiratory infection or congestive heart failure(113 cases),severe hypoxemia(62 cases) and other critical conditions(5 cases).Corrective operations were performed on 149 cases and palliative operations on 23 cases.Results:The early postoperative mortality was 8.7%(15/172).The duration of intubation was 5 hours～31 days(mean 3.1?4.9 days),and the ICU stay time was 2 ~31 days(mean 5.8 ? 2.5 days).Postoperative low cardiac output syndrome was observed in 19 cases,atelectasis in 12 cases,lung infection in 35 cases,worsened pulmonary hypertension in 5cases,and pleural effusion in 5 cases.There were 2 late deaths during follow-up period of 2~73 months.The postoperative cardiac function of the 155 survivals was restored to grade I~II(NYHA).Conclusion:Emergency and sub-emergency cardiac operations on critical congenital heart defects in children are necessary and feasible.Good results can be achieved with appropriate perioperative management and surgical technique.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of salmon calcitonin in treating knee osteoarthritis.MethodsFortyeight cases of knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into four groups,twelve cases each group.A group:acetaminophen+glucosamine hydrochloride,B group:meloxicam+glucosamine hydrochloride,C group:salmon calcitonin + glucosamine hydrochloride,D group:salmon calcitonin.Acetaminophen and meloxicam can stop as pain symptoms disappeared.Other drugs were treated for 12 weeks.A follow up was carried out to compare visual analogue score and 12-item short form health survey.ResultsTwelve weeks later,A,B,C,D four groups' visual analogue score decreased from before treatment 5.6±1.2,5.5±1.2,5.4±1.0,5.1±l.2 to 1.9±0.8,1.2±0.7,0.8±0.6,0.9±0.7,12-item short form health survey score from before treatment - 23.4±3.1,- 23.8±3.0,-24.8 ±3.8,-22.4±2.8 to -15.1±4.7、- 14.5±4.7,-9.3±6.2,-10.2±5.3.There was significant difference before and after treatment in every group(P＜ 0.05).The visual analogue scores of B,C and D group outweigh A group's (P＜ 0.05).A and B groups'scores of 12-item short form health survey were lower to C and D groups' ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsSalmon calcitonin can relieve pain in treating knee osteoarthritis.

The mechanism of thrombus formation in living vessel wall is complex and involves a combination of blood and vessel wall properties and local flow conditions.The significance，theory and experimental tech-niques of thrombus formation in vivo were comprehensively reviewed.Particularly,the important role of signa-ling pathway and hemodynamic in thrombus formation in vivo was pointed out.The difficulty ic in vivo animal models was analyzed.Some recent new phenomena as welt as new approaches and directions worthy of in-vestigation also were summarized.

Objective To explore the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and highaffinity receptors tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB) protien in the prefrontal cortex of the post stroke depression in the rats.Methods Focal cerebral ischemic rat models were made with thread embolization method.Post stroke depression rat models were established with comprehensive separately breeding and chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) on this basis.Normal control group,depression group and stroke group were used to compared with PSD group.6 rats were used in each group.Immunohistochemistry for detecting the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the prefrontal was used at 29th day since the CUMS.Results The number of BNDF immunopositive cells in PSD group was the least ((21.00 ± 12.41) per microscope field of vision) than other groups.Whereas there was no statistical difference among groups(P＞ 0.05).The number of TrkB immunopositive cells in the prefrontal cortex in PSD group was the least (20.78 ± 7.20) among three groups,and depreesion group was secondary (21.00 ±5.61).Stroke group has the most number of immunopositive cells(31.67 ± 7.38) in the prefrontal cortex among four groups.One way ANOVA statistical analysis showed the number of TrkB immunopositive cells decreased significantly in the PSD group and depression group compared with stroke group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The downregulation of TrkB immunopositive cells in the prefrontal cortex may be responsible for the pathogenesis of PSD.

Objective To explore the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) mRNA and high-affinity receptor TrkB mRNA in the prefrontal cortex of the post stroke depression in the rats.Methods Focal cerebral ischemic rat models were made with thread embolism method.Post stroke depression(PSD) rat models were established with comprehensive separately breeding and chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) on this basis.Normal control group,depression group and stroke group were used to compare with PSD group.8 rats were used in each group.RT-PCR was employed to detect gene expression of BDNF and TrkB.GADPH was used as control at 29th day after the CUMS.Results The results showed that the gene level of BNDF in the prefrontal cortex of rat subjected PSD was lowest among all groups(0.75 ± 0.21).And the expression of BNDF mRNA in the normal control rats was (0.83 ± 0.16) and was highest among all groups.While it was (0.77 ± 0.22) in the depression group and (0.80 ± 0.20) in the stroke group.The one-way analysis of variance showed the expression of BDNF mRNA in the prefrontal cortex decreased significantly in the PSD group compared with normal control rats (P ＜ 0.05).Whereas,the expression of TrkB mRNA had no statistical difference among groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The downregulation of BDNF mRNA in the prefrontal cortex may be responsible for the pathogenesis of PSD.

Objective:To study the morphological characteristics of temporo-mandibular joint with high angle vertical skeletal pattern in adult females with class II skeletal type.Methods:41 CBCT films of adult females (20 normal controls;21 skeletal class II high angle subjects)were collected.The position of and form of condyle,form of fossa and joint spaces were measured by Mimics 17.0 soft-ware.Results:Compared with the control group the condyles in high angle patients located more posterior.The joint fossae were lower. The angles of posterior joint node bevels were smaller.The condyles were shorter,thinner and tipped more anteriorly.The position of the conyles were more anteriorly.Conclusion:Class II skeletal type adult females with high vertical skeletal patterns have different forms of fossae,different positions and forms of condyle compared with the normal controls.

0.05).Resting [Ca2+]i in normal cardiac muscle cells was (117?22.41) nmol/L,while for the cells of experimental groups 1 and 2,it was significantly higher than normal cells,but there was no significant difference between them after 1 hour’s treatment of 0.5 ?mol/L ionomycin [(260.00?33.06) and (278?23.46) nmol/L respectively].The [Ca2+]i in experimental groups 3 and 4 was (391.00?20.01),and (379.00?23.92) nmol/L respectively,which were significantly higher than those of experimental groups 1 and 2,and control group (P

AIM: To investigate anti-oxidative and mitochondria protective effects of resveratrol on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MACO) was used to induce focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model.After 24 h reperfusion,MDA,GSH,NO,LD content and SOD activity in brain homogenate were determined,MDA,GSH content and SOD,ATPase activity in mitochondria were also determined. RESULTS: Resveratrol significantly inhibited the increase in MDA,NO,LD content and the decrease in SOD activity and GSH content in brain after cerbral ischemia-reperfusion.Resveratrol also significantly inhibited the increase in MDA and the decrease in activity of SOD,Na~+-K~+-ATPase,Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATPase in mitochondria. CONCLUSION: Resvertrol has protective effects on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via attenuating cerebral oxygen free radical lipid peroxidation and protecting mitochondria.

Objective:To guide antithrombotic medication in the patients with PCI by GRACE and CRUSADE risk score. Meth-ods:The GRACE and CRUSADE score at the admission of 147 patients with ACS undergone PCI in one 3-level hospital were analyzed, and the two risk scores of the PCI patients and the correlation between the two scores were studied. Results:The risk factors in the two scores were part of the same, and the two scores had significant positive correlation. Conclusion: The GRACE score and CRUSADE score should be assessed at the same time in clinics to weigh the risk of bleeding and ischemia fully and then develop strategies for an-tithrombotic treatment.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of simulect (basiliximab) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods Forty adult recipients with benign end-stage liver disease between November 2003 to November 2004 were assigned randomly in a 1∶1 ratio to receive either two doses of simulect or matching placebo. The patients in the two groups received baseline triple immunosuppression with the calcineurin inhibitor (CsA or FK506), MMF and steroids. A total of 40 mg simulect was given in two doses of 20 mg each on the day 0 before inferior vena was opened and the day 4 after transplantation respectively. Acute rejection, infection and serum ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL and ALP in both groups were observed in the first 30 days after OLT. Results In Simulect group had less frequent incidence of acute refection during the first 30 days after OLT. In Simulect group and matching placebo, incidence of acute refection was 10 % (2/20) abd 45 % (9/20) respectively (P= 0.034), and that of infection was 40 % (8/20) and 45 % (9/20) respectively (P= 0.749). Bilirub and aminopherase in both groups were declined gradually and ALP increased. There were significant difference in ALT and TBIL between two groups. Conclusion The application of simulect in combination with CsA/FK506, MMF and prednisone is safe and well tolerated, and can effectively reduce the incidence of acute refection, and does not lead to increased opportunistic infections.