Objective:To summarize and evaluate emergency and sub-emergency cardiac operations on congenital heart defects in children.Method:From January 2002 to April 2008,emergency and sub-emergency cardiac operations were performed on 172 children(105 males,67 females) with critical congenital heart defects.The age was 5 days～33 months(mean 10.2 ? 8.7 months),and the weight was 2.7 ~13.6 kg(mean 8.2 ? 4.8 kg).Thepreoperative situation included recurrent respiratory infection or congestive heart failure(113 cases),severe hypoxemia(62 cases) and other critical conditions(5 cases).Corrective operations were performed on 149 cases and palliative operations on 23 cases.Results:The early postoperative mortality was 8.7%(15/172).The duration of intubation was 5 hours～31 days(mean 3.1?4.9 days),and the ICU stay time was 2 ~31 days(mean 5.8 ? 2.5 days).Postoperative low cardiac output syndrome was observed in 19 cases,atelectasis in 12 cases,lung infection in 35 cases,worsened pulmonary hypertension in 5cases,and pleural effusion in 5 cases.There were 2 late deaths during follow-up period of 2~73 months.The postoperative cardiac function of the 155 survivals was restored to grade I~II(NYHA).Conclusion:Emergency and sub-emergency cardiac operations on critical congenital heart defects in children are necessary and feasible.Good results can be achieved with appropriate perioperative management and surgical technique.

The mechanism of thrombus formation in living vessel wall is complex and involves a combination of blood and vessel wall properties and local flow conditions.The significance，theory and experimental tech-niques of thrombus formation in vivo were comprehensively reviewed.Particularly,the important role of signa-ling pathway and hemodynamic in thrombus formation in vivo was pointed out.The difficulty ic in vivo animal models was analyzed.Some recent new phenomena as welt as new approaches and directions worthy of in-vestigation also were summarized.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of salmon calcitonin in treating knee osteoarthritis.MethodsFortyeight cases of knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into four groups,twelve cases each group.A group:acetaminophen+glucosamine hydrochloride,B group:meloxicam+glucosamine hydrochloride,C group:salmon calcitonin + glucosamine hydrochloride,D group:salmon calcitonin.Acetaminophen and meloxicam can stop as pain symptoms disappeared.Other drugs were treated for 12 weeks.A follow up was carried out to compare visual analogue score and 12-item short form health survey.ResultsTwelve weeks later,A,B,C,D four groups' visual analogue score decreased from before treatment 5.6±1.2,5.5±1.2,5.4±1.0,5.1±l.2 to 1.9±0.8,1.2±0.7,0.8±0.6,0.9±0.7,12-item short form health survey score from before treatment - 23.4±3.1,- 23.8±3.0,-24.8 ±3.8,-22.4±2.8 to -15.1±4.7、- 14.5±4.7,-9.3±6.2,-10.2±5.3.There was significant difference before and after treatment in every group(P＜ 0.05).The visual analogue scores of B,C and D group outweigh A group's (P＜ 0.05).A and B groups'scores of 12-item short form health survey were lower to C and D groups' ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsSalmon calcitonin can relieve pain in treating knee osteoarthritis.

Objective To explore the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and highaffinity receptors tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB) protien in the prefrontal cortex of the post stroke depression in the rats.Methods Focal cerebral ischemic rat models were made with thread embolization method.Post stroke depression rat models were established with comprehensive separately breeding and chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) on this basis.Normal control group,depression group and stroke group were used to compared with PSD group.6 rats were used in each group.Immunohistochemistry for detecting the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the prefrontal was used at 29th day since the CUMS.Results The number of BNDF immunopositive cells in PSD group was the least ((21.00 ± 12.41) per microscope field of vision) than other groups.Whereas there was no statistical difference among groups(P＞ 0.05).The number of TrkB immunopositive cells in the prefrontal cortex in PSD group was the least (20.78 ± 7.20) among three groups,and depreesion group was secondary (21.00 ±5.61).Stroke group has the most number of immunopositive cells(31.67 ± 7.38) in the prefrontal cortex among four groups.One way ANOVA statistical analysis showed the number of TrkB immunopositive cells decreased significantly in the PSD group and depression group compared with stroke group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The downregulation of TrkB immunopositive cells in the prefrontal cortex may be responsible for the pathogenesis of PSD.

Objective To explore the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) mRNA and high-affinity receptor TrkB mRNA in the prefrontal cortex of the post stroke depression in the rats.Methods Focal cerebral ischemic rat models were made with thread embolism method.Post stroke depression(PSD) rat models were established with comprehensive separately breeding and chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) on this basis.Normal control group,depression group and stroke group were used to compare with PSD group.8 rats were used in each group.RT-PCR was employed to detect gene expression of BDNF and TrkB.GADPH was used as control at 29th day after the CUMS.Results The results showed that the gene level of BNDF in the prefrontal cortex of rat subjected PSD was lowest among all groups(0.75 ± 0.21).And the expression of BNDF mRNA in the normal control rats was (0.83 ± 0.16) and was highest among all groups.While it was (0.77 ± 0.22) in the depression group and (0.80 ± 0.20) in the stroke group.The one-way analysis of variance showed the expression of BDNF mRNA in the prefrontal cortex decreased significantly in the PSD group compared with normal control rats (P ＜ 0.05).Whereas,the expression of TrkB mRNA had no statistical difference among groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The downregulation of BDNF mRNA in the prefrontal cortex may be responsible for the pathogenesis of PSD.

Objective:To study the morphological characteristics of temporo-mandibular joint with high angle vertical skeletal pattern in adult females with class II skeletal type.Methods:41 CBCT films of adult females (20 normal controls;21 skeletal class II high angle subjects)were collected.The position of and form of condyle,form of fossa and joint spaces were measured by Mimics 17.0 soft-ware.Results:Compared with the control group the condyles in high angle patients located more posterior.The joint fossae were lower. The angles of posterior joint node bevels were smaller.The condyles were shorter,thinner and tipped more anteriorly.The position of the conyles were more anteriorly.Conclusion:Class II skeletal type adult females with high vertical skeletal patterns have different forms of fossae,different positions and forms of condyle compared with the normal controls.

Objective:To guide antithrombotic medication in the patients with PCI by GRACE and CRUSADE risk score. Meth-ods:The GRACE and CRUSADE score at the admission of 147 patients with ACS undergone PCI in one 3-level hospital were analyzed, and the two risk scores of the PCI patients and the correlation between the two scores were studied. Results:The risk factors in the two scores were part of the same, and the two scores had significant positive correlation. Conclusion: The GRACE score and CRUSADE score should be assessed at the same time in clinics to weigh the risk of bleeding and ischemia fully and then develop strategies for an-tithrombotic treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare diclofenac sodium hollow suppository and establish its quality control. METHODS: The hollow type suppository was prepared with mixed fatty glyceride as the base; the content of diclofenac sodium was deter-mined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The linear range of diclofenac sodium was 5～25 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 7),with an average recovery rate of 102.04%(RSD=1.08%). CONCLUSION: The preparation technology of diclofenac sodium hollow suppository is simple and feasible,and the quality of the suppository is stable and controllable.

?Objective:To analyze the therapeutic characteristic of mandibular prognathism by means of orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment.Methods:125 patients with skeletal mandibular prognathism were treated by intraoral ramus osteotomy or mandibular body osteotomy,They also accepted different preoperative and postoperative orthodoitic treatment according to different surgery.Results: Satisfied results were obtained through combined treatment of orthognathic surgery and orthodontics.The effective rate of intraoral ramus and mandibular body osteotomy was 88.3% and 83.3% respectively .Two patints treated with mandibular body osteotomy relapsed in two years,and mandibular body osteotomy was performed again to correct the diformity.Conclusion:proper pre and postoperative orthodontic treatments are necessary in order to assure asethetics effect and ideal occlusion in new position.

The effect of the selective debridement with the aid of the arthroscope performed under local anesthesia for osfeoarthritis of 296 knees in 260 patients was studied. The pathological changes of osteoarthritis under the arthroscopy include hyperplasia of synovial membrane, degeneration of cartilage or exposure of subchondral bone on the stress areas of the femur condyles and patella , wear and tear of meniscus, formation of osteophyte and loose body. The debridement included the removal of the loose body, hyperplasia of synovial membrane, degenerated cartilage, and the torn meniscus. Many factors,including age of the patients, selection of the indication, stress of the knee joint, and the degeneration of cartilage,may influence the curative effect. After selecfive debridement and lavage for osteoarthritis of the knee joint, the majority of patients were released from pain, with restoration of function and range of motion, and the development of pathological process was retarded. Good and excellent results constitute 74.7% of the patients.