Fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)is increasingly used to study inter-and intramolecular interactions in living cells.Since being proportional to the concentration of the donor-acceptor complex.FRET value must be normalized to exclude the influence of the ratio and the concentration of donor and acceptor for comparison.Different from the intra.molecular FRET which is simplified by the fact that the COncentration of the donor is equal to that of the acceptor,the inter-molecular FRET is usually too complicated for most existing measurements to quantify exactly.We deduced the exact proportion of the donor-acceptor complex based on a unique characteristic of homodimer,a special kind of the intermolecular interaction,developed an exact quantification measurement of the FRET.We proved the novel method Can generate more reliable estimation of FRET value by comparison with other methods using a homodimer,estrogen receptor alpha(ERa),as a FRET pair.

Objective To investigate the prevention and management of portal vein thrombosis following orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods Between May 1995 to September 2005,clinical data of 137 cases subject to orthotopic liver transplantation were analyzed.Among them,there were 10 cases of portal vein thrombosis(5 cases in gradeⅠ,4 cases in gradeⅡand 1 case in gradeⅢ). All patients received an eversion thromboendovenectomy(ETEV)with occlusion of the portal flow u- sing a Forgarty balloon.Ligation of the collateral circulation,especially spontaneous or surgical sple- norenal shunt,was made as approaches to improve portal flow.Heparin or low-molecule-weight hepa- rin as a prophylactic anticoagulation therapy was maintained during and after operation if prothrombin time was less than 18 s.Follow-up Doppler ultrasonography was used daily in the early postoperative period.Results After a follow-up of 2～66 months,overall incidence of portal vein thrombosis was 2.92%(4/137).Surgical thrombectomy and revascularization was carried out in 1 case.Thromboly- sis,balloon angioplasty and stent placement via hepatic artery were performed on 2 cases.No treat- ment was given in 1 patient without hepatic dysfunction and portal hypertention.Mortality related to portal vein thrombosis was 0.Conclusions Portal vein thrombosis might be avoided by performing a complete thrombectomy as often as possible,by ligation of portosystemic shunt during surgery,and by postoperative anticoagulation.Close follow-up by Doppler ultrasonography may make a prompt di- agnosis and reduce portal vein thrombosis-derived loss of grafts.

Background Retinal vascular recanalization is key to the treatment of retinal vascular occlusive disease.Studies confirmed that urokinase by intravitreal injection inhibits the expression of occludin protein at tight junction complexes among retinal capillary endothelial cells.Objective This study was to observe the effects of urokinase via eye local injection on the outward permeability of blood-retinal barrier by detecting the concentration of intravitreal Evans blue (EB).Methods Sixty healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to four groups,and the right eyes of the rats were used as experimental eyes.Urokinase of 4 μl (350 U) and the equal volume of PBS (0.01 mol/L) was intravitreally injected separately in the intravitreal urokinase group and the intravitreal PBS group,and 10 μl urokinase (1000U) and the equal volume of PBS was injected via retrobulbar tissue respectively as the retrobulbar urokinase group and the retrobulbar PBS group.Twenty-four hours after injection of drugs,0.5％ EB 4 μl was intravitreally injected.Four hours later,the rats were sacrificed and the right eyeballs were excised for the extraction and drying.EB was extracted from dried vitreous by formamide.Then,the concentration of EB in formamide was determined by a formamide extraction-ultraviolet spectrophotometry method to calculate the concentration of EB in vitreous.The use and care of experimental animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission (2011 version).Results The rat vitreous body showed the light blue color in intravitreal urokinase group and the retinal vessels were visible under the microscope,and that in the retrobulbar urokinase group presented blue color.However,in the intravitreal and retrobulbar PBS group,rat vitreous exhibited the deeper blue color and retinas were invisible.Absorbance of EB in formamide was 0.181 ±0.008,0.450±0.017,0.330±0.009 and 0.436±0.012 in the intravitreal urokinase group,intravitreal PBS group,retrobulbar urokinase group and retrobulbar PBS group,respectively.The intravitreal EB concentrations in the intravitreal urokinase group were (0.266±0.014)g/L,which was lower than (0.667±0.026) g/L,(0.496±0.015) g/L and (0.657±0.017) g/L of the intravitreal PBS group,retrobulbar urokinase group and retrobulbar PBS group,showing significant different among the four groups (F =100.406,P＜0.01),and the intravitreal urokinase group showed the lowest value in comparison with other three groups (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions Local application of urokinase around eye can augment the outward permeability of blood-retinal barrier in rats.Intravitreal assay of EB after intravitreal injection is a feasible approach to the determination of outward permeability of blood-retinal barrier.

Objective To explore the relationship between the amount of bleeding and the histopathologic grade of cerebral glioma with susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), so that to assess the diagnostic value of SWI in grading cerebral glioma. Methods Totally 30 patients with cerebral glioma underwent SWI. The area of hemorrhage of every slice displayed in SWI was measured with software. The rate and amount of bleeding were compared between high and low grade tumors. Results There was no statistical significance in the incidence of detected bleeding on SWI (P=0.064), though it was higher in highly malignant group (80.00%) than that in low grade group (46.67%), while there was statistical significance in the amount of bleeding detected on SWI (Z=-2.275, P=0.026) between highly malignant group and low grade group. Conclusion The amount of tumor hemorrhage displayed in SWI is valuable for the preoperative grading of cerebral glioma.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic significance of plasma fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before any anti-cancer treatments.Methods:97 cases of patients with lung cancer (lung cancer group) and 36 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled;the level of plasma D-dimer and FIB were compared;the relationship between their levels and clinical pathological factors of NSCLC as well as prognosis was analyzed.Results:The levels of plasma FIB and D-dimer in lung cancer group were higher than those in healthy control group (P＜0.05).FIB in lung cancer group was related to TNM stage,and D-dimer was related to lymph node metastasis and TNM stage.Univariate analysis showed that FIB,D-dimer,tumor size,lymph node metastasis and TNM staging were associated with overall survival time (OS) and progression free survival (PFS).Multivariate analysis revealed that only D-dimer and FIB were independent prognostic factors of patients with NSCLC.Conclusion:Detection of fibrinogen and D-dimer in elderly patients with NSCLC before anti-cancer treatment would be useful for prognosis and might provide a certain value for individualized therapy.

Objective To investigate the effect of hepatopoietin Cn(HPPCn) on liver stem cells.Methods In this study, WB-F344 cell line was used, and MTT and flow cytometry assay were conducted to determine cell proliferation and apoptosis.Transwell assay was used to test the migration of WB-F344 cells.A 2AAF-partial hepatectomy(PH) mouse model was used to observe the effect of HPPCn on liver stem cell proliferation in vivo.Results HPPCn enhanced WB-F344 cell proliferation and migration and activated the SphK1, Erk and Stat3 signal pathways.The analysis of the 2AAF-PH mouse model showed that oval cells in the experimental group far outnumbered those in control and the regeneration of the liver was improved post PH.Conclusion HPPCn can increase the liver stem cell proliferation and survival while promoting the regenenation of the liver by augmenting oval cell proliferation.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of using 6 F guiding catheter to perform the carotid artery stenting (CAS) via transradial approach (TRA). Methods A retrospective analysis of 28 cases with carotid atherosclerotic stenosis who were using 6 F guiding catheter to perform the CAS via TRA, and the preoperative assessment confirmed that some of whom were difficult to operate via femoral artery, or couldn't tolerate the lying in bed after the operation, and the others were failure to perform via femoral artery. The atherosclerotic carotid stenosis lesion of 9 cases were located in the left internal carotid artery (ICA), and the other 19 cases were in the right ICA. All the patients were performed via the right radial artery approach, a 6 F guiding catheter was used to super-select the target vessel, implanted the distal protection device, then underwent balloon angioplasty and stent implantation. We observed and recorded that whether the guiding catheters were in the right places, the success rate of stent implantation, the incidence of radial artery spasm and the puncture site bleeding. The postoperative pulse and occlusion of radial artery, and the occurrence of cardio-cerebrovascular complications during perioperative period were also observed. The fluoroscopy time of surgery ray were also recorded, and compared with corresponding 30 cases who were performed CAS via the tranfemoral approach (TFA) by t test. Results The guiding catheters were in the right places and stenting success of all the 28 cases. There was no significant difference in the fluoroscopy time between TRA and TFA group [(8.6 ± 1.4) min vs. (9.0 ± 2.1) min,t=-0.717,P=0.477)]. Two cases appeared radial artery spasm after puncture, and 1 case experienced puncture site bleeding at 8 h after the operation. After examined the radial artery by color doppler ultrasound at 1 week after the operation, we found that blood flow of 27 cases were patency, but another 1 was slowed down, which was restored at 3 months follow up. None of the cases occurred cerebrovascular events in the present research. Conclusion Transradial approach for CAS using 6 F guiding catheter is safe and technically feasible.

Objective To discuss the application value,safety and feasibility of indwelling guidewire technique in performing mechanical thrombectomy for acute cerebral artery occlusion.Methods The clinical data of 15 patients with acute ischemic stroke,who were treated with mechanical thromnectomy at authors' hospital during the period from December 2015 to February 2016,were retrospectively analyzed.The diseases included middle cerebral artery occlusion (n=6),internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery occlusion (n=5) and vertebral basilar artery occlusion (n=4).Indwelling guide-wire technique was adopted to quickly and accurately determine the vascular occlusion characteristics,then,endovascular mechanical thrombectomy was carried out.Results By using indwelling guide-wire technique,the occlusive features of the diseased arteries were successfully and precisely determined.Immediate recanalization of the occluded artery was obtained in 13 patients (87％).The blood flow classification score after thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) reached 3 points in 10 patients and 2b points in 5 patients.In 2 patients,the vascular recanalization procedure failed because the thrombus load was large,the length of occluded segment was long,and the effect of mechanical thromnectomy was poor.According to American National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS),the evaluation score was improved from preoperative (19.2±7.0) to postoperative (6.3±3.6),the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Three months after the treatment,the score measured by modified Rankin scale(mRS) was ≤2 points in 10 patients.Conclusion Mechanical thrombectomy is safe and effective for the treatment of acute cerebral artery occlusion.The indwelling guide-wire technique can safely,conveniently,quickly and accurately determine the characteristics of the occluded blood vessels,which is very helpful in assisting surgical manipulation,reducing procedure-related complications,and improving vascular recanalization rate.(J Intervent Radiol,2017,26:202-205)

Objective To know the efficacy and safety of the blood sugar control by double-pump a-mong severe patients with duodenectomy. Methods Divided 60 severe patients with doudenectomy into the experimental group and the,control group randomly, there were 30 cases in each group. In the control group, pa-tients received intravenous infusion with the liquid containing glucose and neutral insulin (4g: 1 U), intravenous injection of 50U neutral insulin added into 50ml normal saline by micro-pump, the pump speed was In the ex-perimental group, sugar-containing liquid without insulin was infused within 24 hours by infusion pump with u-niform speed, a neutral insulin 50U mixed with 5Oral normal saline were injected by micro-pump according to the ratio fo glucose 4g: 1U neutral insulin through the same vein. Which also adjusted the pump speed according to maintaining blood sugar in the range of 4.4～8.3mmol/L. Compared the level of blood sugar control, treatment safety, efficacy and the workload of nurses between the two groups. Results The highperglycemic index and the time to achieve target values of blood sugar in the experimental group was shorter than in the control group respectively, while the time of keep blood sugar in idea level in the experimental group was longer than in the control group. There were no significant difference about incidence rale of hypoglycemia and workload of nurses between the two groups. Conclusions Double-pump can effective control blood sugar for severe patients with duodenectomy without burden nurses' workload, which is more reasonable than the traditional method.