OBJECTIVE To reveal the characteristics and the risk factors of urological hospital infection(UHI)(among) the patients with a single disease.METHODS Totally 219 cases with a single disease(every disease was(suffered) by 20 and more patients),who suffered UHI from Jul 2001 to Jul 2004 were investigated as a test group,at the sametime the other 219 cases randomly selected without UHI were as a control group.The result was(analyzed) by single factor ?~2 test.RESULTS There were four risk factors for UHI with very significant differences between two groups.They were as follows: the time of hospitalization was 3 weeks and more,use of(antimicrobials) 10d and more,retention time of catheters 5 d and more and various aggressive manipulations were received.From them the unreasonable use of antibacterials was the main one.CONCLUSIONS UHI is emerged by many factors, but it could be controlled via strengthening the surveillance and control measures and emphasizing the reasonable use of antibacterials.

Multidrug resistance is a common form of drug resistance of tumors and one main reason for chemotherapy′s failure and recrudescence of acute leukemia. In recent years,substantial studies addressed the different aspects about MDR1,including MDR1 genetic polymorphism,mRNA/protein expression as well as the function of its coding protein (P-gp).This paper reviewed recent advances about the relation between MDR1 genetic polymorphism and acute leukemia prognosis with the aim to improve acute leukemia curing and chemotherapy outcome evaluating in China.

Objective To explore the correlation between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and dynamic parameters of blood pressure as well as blood pressure variation in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods From January to September, 2013, 581 patients with EH were divided into hypertrophy group (n=161) and non-hypertrophy group (n=420) according to the left ventricular mass index (LV-MI). The clinical data, biochemical indexes and dynamic parameters of blood pressure were compared, and the multiple factors regression was used to analyze the risk factors of LVH. Results The incidence of LVH was higher in women than in men (χ2=4.836, P=0.03), the level of blood uric acid was higher in the hypertrophy group than in the non-hypertrophy group (t=-11.540, P<0.001). The clinic systolic blood pressure was higher in the non-hypertrophy group (t=-3.805, P<0.001). There was significantly difference in 24-hour systolic blood pres-sure load, systolic blood pressure drops at night and average systolic blood pressure between two groups (t>2.770, P<0.05). Multi-factor Lo-gistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR=1.674, P=0.044) and 24-hour systolic blood pressure load (OR=1.021, P=0.003) associat-ed with LVH. Conclusion The occurrence of LVH in patients with EH was closely related to the 24-hour systolic blood pressure load, and was higher in women than in men.

Objective To investigate the incidence of the newborn's clavicle fracture,the high risk factors related to the fracture,and the possible methods to prevent and treat the fracture. Methods Forty-four newborns with fractured clavicles in our department from Sept.1994 to Dec. 1997 were analysed retrospectively.Results There were 44 newborns suffered from clavicle frac- ture in 3 135 vaginal deliveries with an incidence of 1.4%.Thirty-four cases(77.26%,34/44)were diagnosed immediately after delivery or before discharge from the hospital.The risk factors for clav- icular fracture include:high birth weight,forceps delivery,shoulder dystocia,and prolonged second stage of labor and persistent occipital transverse or posterior.However,41%(18/44)of cases had no high risk factors.The right clavicle is more likely to be affected,which may be due to the fact that the anterior shoulder was over-pressed as the infant descended through the pelvic outlet under the symphysis pubis.Conclusions Newborn's clavicle fracture is one of the common injuries in vagi- nal delivery.Close attention should be paid during delivery when any of the above mentioned high risk factor is presented,and careful examination of the newborn can not be neglected.

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of the expression of oxidized α1-antitrypsin (ox-AAT) and neutrophil elastase (NE) in the peripheral blood and fetal membrane tissues of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM).Methods:The clinical data of 95 cases of PROM pregnant women admitted to Binhai County People′s Hospital from April 2019 to April 2020 were analyzed. According to combination of histological chorioamnionitis (HCA), they were divided into PROM combined with HCA group ( 31 patients) and PROM without HCA group (64 patients). Besides, 50 normal pregnant women were collected during the same period as a healthy control group. The expression levels of ox-AAT and NE in the peripheral blood and fetal membrane tissues of the three groups were compared and analyzed.Results:The levels of peripheral blood ox-AAT and NE in the PROM combined with HCA group were higher than those in PROM without HCA group and healthy control group: (2.34 ± 0.02) ng/L vs. (1.50 ± 0.12), (0.32 ± 0.04) ng/L; (0.48 ± 0.08) ng/L vs. (0.13 ± 0.06), (0.11 ± 0.05) ng/L;the level of peripheral blood ox-AAT in PROM without HCA group was higher than that in healthy control group: (1.50 ± 0.12) ng/L vs. (0.32 ± 0.04) ng/L, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of fetal membrane tissues ox-AAT and NE in the PROM combined with HCA group were higher than those in PROM without HCA group and healthy control group: (0.031 ± 0.005) ng/L vs. (0.015 ± 0.002), (0.009 ± 0.003) ng/L; (0.020 ± 0.002) ng/L vs. (0.003 ± 0.001), (0.002 ± 0.001) ng/L; the level of fetal membrane tissues ox-AAT in PROM without HCA group was higher than that in the healthy control group: (0.015 ± 0.002) ng/L vs. (0.009 ± 0.003) ng/L, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between ox-AAT and NE in peripheral blood and fetal membrane tissues ( r = 0.879, 0.875, P<0.05). The incidence of placental abruption in the PROM combined with HCA group and PROM without HCA group was higher than that in the healthy control group: 32.26%(10/31), 20.31%(13/64) vs. 4.00%(2/50), the incidence of neonatal pneumonia in the PROM combined with HCA group was higher than that in the PROM without HCA group and healthy control group: 25.81%(8/31) vs. 9.38%(6/64), 2.00%(1/50), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The level of ox-AAT is overexpressed in peripheral blood and fetal membrane tissues of pregnant women with PROM, the level of NE is overexpressed in peripheral blood and fetal membrane tissues of PROM combined with HCA, and the increase of ox-AAT and NE expression is closely related to adverse perinatal outcomes.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of peripheral blood intermediate monocytes in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.MethodsFifty-two patients with established preeclampsia in Binhai County People's Hospital from October 2014 to October 2015, 42 healthy pregnant women and 42 healthy non-pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The percentage of intermediate monocyte subsets, ratio of positive cells and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, CD64, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1(TREM-1), and MFI of intracellular tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were evaluated by flow cytometry. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-12P70 and TNF-α in serum were analyzed using Luminex liquid phase chip technology. Independent two samplest-test, analysis of variance, Mann-WhitneyU test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis.ResultsPercentage of intermediate monocytes was higher in preeclampsia patients [10.4%(5.3%-19.9%)]than in healthy pregnant women [6.6%(4.9%-7.8%)], and both were higher than in non-pregnant women [3.8%(2.4%-5.0)%](allP<0.05). The ratio of TLR4 and CD64 positive intermediate monocytes [(60.1±12.5)%vs (24.9±8.8)%; (85.3±5.4)% vs (67.4±7.5)%](t were 15.416 and 13.437, bothP<0.05), and MFI of TLR4 (50.3±10.2 vs 26.8±8.6), TREM-1(35.6±4.1 vs 28.6±4.7) and CD64 (39.8±5.2 vs 28.9±4.8) (t were 11.898, 7.707 and 10.454, allP<0.05) were higher in preeclampsia patients than in healthy pregnant women. MFI of intracellular IL-6 (32.3±4.7 vs 28.6±3.5) and TNF-α (44.6±6.3 vs 36.7±8.3) in intermediate monocytes of preeclampsia patients was also significantly higher than that of healthy pregnant women (t were 4.239 and 5.245, bothP<0.05). Serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were higher in preeclamptic patients than in healthy pregnant women and non-pregnant women (allP<0.05). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the percentage of intermediate monocytes and the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in preeclamptic patients (r were 0.397 and 0.347, bothP<0.05).ConclusionsMonocyte subpopulations from preeclamptic patients are abnormally skewed toward intermediate monocytes which have high expressions of TLR4, TREM-1 and CD64, and secret more proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. Therefore, intermediate monocytes are specifically altered in preeclamptic patients and may play a role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.

Objective To investigate the effect of Kanglaite injection (KLT) on immunological function of rat models with Lewis lung carcinoma. Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice were used to establish Lewis lung carcinoma models and divided randomly into the high dose(25 mL/kg), middle dose (12.5 mL/kg) and low dose (6.25 mL/kg) of KLT groups and model group(n=10). The mice in the KLT groups were sacrificed after injecting corresponding dose of KLT with intraperitoneal injection for 14 d. No treatment was performed on the rats in model group. The body weight, tumor and spleen weight was weighed, then the ratio of tumor restriction and the index of spleen was calculated. MTT colorimetric method and ELISA were used to detected activity of T cell proliferation and expression of IL-2 in spleen. The expression of NF-κB and IκBα protein was detected by Western blot. Results The ratio of tumor restriction in the high, middle, low dose of KLT groups decreased gradually. The indexes of spleen of the high and middle dose of KLT groups were higher than those in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the model group, the activity of T cell proliferation in the high, middle, low dose of KLT groups and the expression of IL-2 in the high and middle dose of KLT groups was increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of NF-κB protein in the nuclei of high, middle, low dose of KLT groups increased dose-dependently, and the expression of NF-κB and IκBα protein in the cytoplasm decreased dose-dependently. ConclusionKLT could enhance immunological function by effecting T cell proliferation, expression of IL-2, NF-κB and IκBα, while restricting tumor growth in Lewis lung carcinoma models.

AIM:To check the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effect of Compound Changtai Granule(Radix et Rhizoma ginseng,Semen coicis,Rhizoma curcumae,etc)(CCG) on human colon carcinoma cell line(SW480).METHODS:Methy thiazolyl tetrazolium chromatomerry was used to observe the influence of several concentration of CCG on SW480 cell proliferation cultured in vitro at the various times,and flow cytometry was applied to examining the change in SW480 cell proliferation cycle and apoptosis rate.RESULTS:CCG could successfully prevent SW480 cell from entering G0/G1 phase and G2/M phase,decrease cell numbers in S phase at the same time.CONCLUSION:CCG has an obvious dose-response relationship in the range of 3.51 to 7.81 mg/mL.

Objective To analyze contrastly the effect of 89SrCl2 for bone metastasis in Uygur and Han patients with prostate cancer.Methods The curative effects in 75 Uygur and 82 Han patients with prostate cancer bone metastasis were investigated after intravenous injection with 89SrCl2,including palliation of pain.SPECT was used to detect the change of metastasis,level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.Results After treated with 89SrCl2,the palliation rate,the bone metastases and the level of IL-6 were higher in Uygur patients [82.67 ％ (62/75),75 ％ (56/75),(4.24±1.74) pg/ml] than those in Han patients [60.98 ％ (50/82),52.44 ％ (43/82),(2.81±2.38) pg/ml],and there were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion 89SrCl2 is more effective for the Uygur patients with prostate cancer bone metastasis than the Han patients,clinical workers should pay more attention to this.

Objective To explore the types and drug resistance of pathogens in patients with type Ⅰ incision surgical site infection in orthopedics department.Methods Patients with type Ⅰ incision surgical site infection in orthopedics department at Peking University Third Hospital from January 2005 to December 2013 were retrospectively collected.Clinical characteristics of patients,distribution and drug resistance of pathogens were analyzed.Results A total of 58.2 thousands patients with type Ⅰ incision surgical site were hospitalized from January 2005 to December 2013 in orthopedics department,and among them 442 patients had infection in the type Ⅰ incision surgical site.The infection rate was 0.8％.Infection was mainly observed in elderly patients.The most common diseases were lumbar canal stenosis (21.7％),cervical spondylosis (20.6％) and lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (14.0％).A total of 453 pathogenic strains were detected,of which 52.9％ were gram-positive bacteria,45.5％ were gramnegative bacteria and 1.6 ％ were fungi.The common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (25.2 ％),Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.1 ％),Escherichia coli (11.5 ％),Enterobacter cloacae (7.3 ％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.2 ％) and Acinetobacter baumannii (6.0 ％).The percentage of Meticillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 23.7％ and the percentage of Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) was 43.8％.Vancomycin or linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis were not detected.Proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing strains in Escherichia coli was 53.8％,and proportion of ESBL-producing strains in Klebesiella pneumonia was 50.0％.The resistance rates to impenem and meropenem of the three different species in Enterobacteriaceae,including Escherichia coli,Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumonia,were 0.Resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefoperazone-sulbactam,piperacillin-tazobactam were less than 10 ％.Resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to minocyline was 11.1％ and resistance rates of it to other drugs were more than 20％.Conclusions The rate of type Ⅰ incision surgical site infection in orthopedics department is low.Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria each account for half of the pathogens.The proportion of resistant pathogens is high and empirical treatment is needed to cover these pathogens.