Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world .However,its pathogen-esis is still unclear .With the deep research of related signal pathways underlying the development ,progression and prognosis of lung cancer , we find that the mTOR signaling pathway , JAK-STAT pathway , Notch signaling and IGF have been identified to play a major role in the growth ,proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and invasion of tumor cells.Therefore this paper is to review the effects of the above several pathways ,which may prove a new ba-sis for the pathogenesis and therapy of lung cancer .

Objective To study the effect of Neuregulin-1 (NRG) on rat heart failure(HF) after myocardial infarction,and to investigate the underlying mechanism involving in NRG-mediated cardioprotection.Methods 60 adult Wister rats underwent sham operation (n=12) or coronary ligation (n=48) to induce HF.Four weeks after ligation,28 animals with HF were randomly divided into NRG group (rats received rhNRG-1 10 μg · kg-1 · d-1 intravenously for 10 days) or HF group (rats received an equal volume of water intravenously for 10 days).Left ventricular function was detected by echocardiography.Mitochondrial ultrastructure in non-infarcted myocardium was observed by transmission electronic microscopy.Cell apoptosis was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by immunofluorescence method.Caspase-3 activity was determined by commercial kit.The expression of cytochrome C protein in cytoplasm was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with HF group,the left ventricular end-systolic diameter was decreased,and left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening were increased in NRG group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Apoptosis index was reduced inNRG group as compared with HFgroup [(18.1±3.0)％ vs.(11.9±1.4)％,P＜0.01].Mitochondrial membrane potential was increased and the release of cytochrome c in cytoplasm was reduced in NRG group as compared with HF group [(249.8±7.4) mV vs.(222.2±7.5) mV,(0.356±0.024) vs.(0.664±0.085),both P＜0.01].Caspase-3 activity was decreased in NRG group as compared with HF group (P＜0.01).Conclusions NRG attenuats mitochondrial stress and inhibits myocardial cells apoptosis in heart failure rats after myocardial infarction,which may play an important role in the cardioprotection by NRG.

Objective:To analyze the utilization and tendency of oral hypoglycemic agents in some hospitals of Wuhan from 2010 to 2012. Methods:The relative data of oral hypoglycemic agents used in 32 hospitals of Wuhan area during 2010-2012 were analyzed using consumption sum, DDDs and defined daily dose as the indices. Results:The consumption sum of oral hypoglycemic agents was increased year after year;acarbose and gliclazide were widely used and occupied front places among the drugs. However, the percent-age of traditional Chinese medicine used for decreasing blood sugar was declined. Conclusion:During 2010-2012, the DDDs value and the consumption sum of oral hypoglycemic agents in Wuhan area are stable and normal, and the application will be further developed.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues in treatment of the girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP). Methods Twelve girls with ICPP received therapy with GnRH-A.Before and after the end of treatment for 6 months,secondary sexual characteristics and growth velocity were observed,pelvic ultrasonic examination,X-ray bone age(BA),serum level of E_2 and LHRH stimulating test were detected,and the predicted adult height(PAH) was analysed. Results After treatment,the size of breasts,uterus and ovaries were significantly reduced.The basic and peak levels of serum LH and FSH by LHRH stimulation were also significantly reduced.The ratio of BA/CA(chronology age)was decreased.The PAH was increased. Conclusions GnRH-A can effectively depress the sexual characteristics,reduce the maturation of BA,and also improve the PAH in girls with ICPP.

Objective To investigate mRNA expressions of apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 family (APOBEC3s or A3s) as well as expressions and subcellular distribution of major A3 proteins in HaCaT keratinocytes carrying the genome of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV11.HaCaT),and to evaluate regulatory effects of exogenous interferon-alpha (IFN-α) on the expressions of A3s.Methods The basal levels of A3A,A3B,A3C and A3H mRNA expressions were measured by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) in HPV11.HaCaT cells and normal HaCaT cells.Cultured HaCaT,HPV11.HaCaT and Hela cells were treated with recombinant human IFN-α 2b (rhIFN-α2b) at concentrations of 104,105 and 106 IU/ml for 6,24 and 48 hours separately,and those receiving no treatment served as the normal control groups.Then,qRT-PCR was performed to measure mRNA expressions of A3A,A3B,A3C and A3H in these cells.Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to observe the expression and distribution of A3A protein in cells after the treatment with rhIFN-α2b for 6 hours.Results As qRT-PCR showed,the basal levels of A3A,A3B and A3C mRNA expressions were all significantly higher in HPV11.HaCaT cells than in normal HaCaT cells (all P ＜ 0.05).After stimulation,the mRNA expressions of the four A3 members increased to different extents with the increase in rhIFN-α2b concentrations,and the increase in A3A mRNA was the most significant.Compared with corresponding normal control groups,the mRNA expression of A3A was significantly increased in HaCaT cells (35.77 ± 5.01 vs.1.00 ± 0.05,P ＜ 0.05),HPV 11.HaCaT cells (15.34 ± 2.14 vs.0.99 ± 0.01,P ＜ 0.05) and Hela cells (24.60 ± 5.45 vs.0.97 ± 0.03,P ＜ 0.05) after the treatment with rhIFN-α2b at 106 IU/ml for 6 hours,while the increase in A3B,A3C and A3H mRNA expressions was no more than 9-fold in these cell lines after that.Enhanced staining for A3A was observed in nuclei and cytoplasm of the 3 cell lines after the treatment with rhIFN-α2b at 106 IU/ml for 6 hours.Conclusions HPV11 transfected into HaCaT cells can activate intracellular A3s,especially A3A.IFN-α may play an immunoregulatory role by inducing high levels of A3A expression.

Objective To investigate the effects of curcumin on mRNA expression of cytokines related to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling in THP-1 cells.Methods After pretreatment with different concentrations (50,25,12.5 mg/L) of curcumin or dexamethasone for 12 hours,THP-1 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS.1 mg/L) for 4 hours followed by the collection of cells.Then total RNA was isolated from these cells and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6),interleukin-1 receptorassociated kinase (IRAK1) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB.THP-1 cells without pretreatment or stimulation served as negative control,and those only stimulated with LPS served as LPS group.Results After stimulation with LPS (1 mg/L) for 4 hours,the mRNA expressions of TRAF6,IRAK1 and NF-κB were significantly upregulated in THP-1 cells compared with negative control cells (f=38.69,39.13,23.99,all P<0.01).Curcumin of 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L significantly inhibited the mRNA expressions of TRAF6.IRAK 1 and NF-κB upregulated by LPS with an inhibition rate of more than 50% (all P<0.0 1).Conclusions Certain concentrations of curcumin can inhibit the mRNA expressions of TRAF6.IRAK1 and NF-κB.which demonstrates the regulatory effect of curcumin on the mRNA expressions of TLR4 signaling pathway-associated cytokines.

Objective The aim of the study is to detect the expression of IGF -1R and IRS-1 in squa-mous cell lung cancer ( SQCLC) and to explore the role in the development of squamous cell lung cancer and clini -cal significance .Methods Specimens from 246 surgical SQCLC and 40 adjacent normal lung tissues were evalu-ated for IGF-1R and IRS-1 expression by immunohistochemistry .We explored the correlation between IGF -1R and IRS-1,their relationship with clinicopathological parameters and their impact on outcome in SQCLC pa -tients.Results SQCLC of IGF -1R positive expression rate was 54.07%,which was higher than in adjacent normal tissue(32.5%),SQCLC of IRS-1 positive expression rate was 38.21%,which was lower than in adja-cent normal tissue(70%),the pairwise difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);Expression of IGF-1R was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05),IRS-1 expression was related with degree of differentia-tion and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).Survival of IGF -1R expression group of patients was significantly shorter than the expression of IGF -1R negative patients ,the survival of the IRS-1 expression was significantly longer than patients who negatively expressed IRS -1,the difference was statistically significant (P=<0.001 and=0.021).IGF-1R was negatively correlated with IRS -1 expression in SQCLC(r=-0.125,P<0.001). Conclusion IGF-1R,IRS-1 are involved in the occurrence of SQCLC ,the development .The IGF-1R is an independent prognostic factor in SQCLC .

Objective To detect the expression of HBV in human early embryos of infertility patients combined with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment,so as to provide reliable evidence for the vertical transmission of HBV through human germ cells.Methods We collected the abandoned early embryos of patients combined with HBV infection after undergoing IVF-ET treatment in the department of reproductive medicine of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province,total genomic DNA was obtained by single cell PCR,and then polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expression of HBV-DNA and covalently closed circular DNA of hepatitis B virus (HBV-cccDNA) in early embryos.Results Both HBV-DNA and HBV-cccDNA were detected in the early embryo among the mother or father or parents HBV infected patients.The positive detection rate of HBV-DNA in mother,father and parents HBV infected patients was 78.9％,76.3％ and 100％,and the positive rate of HBV-cccDNA was 63.2％,78.9％ and 100％.The difference between the mother and the father was not significant (P＞O.05).However,the positive rate in parents HBV infected patients group was significantly higher than the mother or father group,showing a significant difference (P＜0.05).Conclusion HBV can be transmitted from mother or father to early embryos via IVF-ET treament,and the risk of vertical transmission increases significantly when the couple are HBV infected.

[Summary] The relationship between the state of cognition and hypertension in 155 type 2 diabetic patients was studied.The results showed that significant difference in the state of cognition was found in patients with or without hypertension,so as to those with poorly or well controlled hypertension (P＜0.05).Systolic blood pressure,pulse pressure,mean arterial blood pressure,and duration of hypertension were negatively correlated with multiple cognitive domains,suggesting that proper control of blood pressure may have a protective effect on cognitive function in type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To evaluate the role of intercellular gap junction in the propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia in rats. Methods Eighty male Wistar rats weighing 210-260 g were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 10 each): control group (group C), carbenoxolone group (group CA), propofol group (group P), different doses of carbenoxolone + propofol groups (groups CA1 + P, CA2 + P, CA3 + P), sevoflurane group (group S) and carbenoxolone + sevoflurane group (group CA + S). The animals ware anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloraldurate 4 mg/kg and placed in a stereotactic apparatus to locate the lateral ventricle. In group C, after normal saline (NS) 2 μl was injected into the latersl ventricle, intraperitoneal NS 2 ml was injected. In group CA, after carbenoxolone 200 μg was injected into the lateral ventricle, intraperitoneal NS 2 ml was injected. In groups P,CA1 + P, CA2 + P and CA3 + P, NS 2 μl, and carbenoxolone 200, 300 and 400 μg were injected into the lateral ventricle respectively and then propofol 5 mg/100 g was injected intraperitoneally. Group S inhaled 1% sevoflurane (in increments of 0. 1% ) until the righting reflex was lost. Group CA + S inhaled 1% sevoflurane (in increments of 0.1% ) until the righting reflex was lost after carbenoxolono 200 μg was injected into the lateral ventricle. The time of loss of righting reflex, duration of loss of righting reflex and the sevoflurane concentration when the righting reflex disappeared were recorded. Results The loss of righting reflex did not appear in groups C and CA. Compared with group P, the time of loss of righting reflex was significantly shortened and duration of loss of righting reflex prolonged in groups CA1 + P, CA2 + P, CA3 + P ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The time of loss of righting reflex was significandy shorter in groups CA2 + P, CA3 + P than in group CA1 + P (P ＜ 0.05). The sevoflurane concentration when the righting reflex disappeared was significantly lower in group CA + S than in group S ( P ＜ 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the time of loss of righting reflex and duration of loss of righting reflex between CA + S and S groups ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Although inhibition of the function of gap junction can strengthen the anesthetic effects of propofol and sevoflurane, it is not the major mechanism.