BACKGROUND: The occurrence of sexual and urinary dysfunction is higher in patients who have received rectal cancer surgeries. This could most likely be correlated with the age of the patients and the approach applied in the operation. Therefore, how to preserve the sexual and urinary functions has become a hot point in this field.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the influence of differences in age and therapeutical approach on the sexual and urinary function in patients with rectal cancer.DESIGN: Investigation study on patients.SETTING: General Surgery Department, the 309 Clinical Division, General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Some male patients with rectal cancer hospitalized in the General Surgery Department, the 309 Clinical Division, General Hospital of Chinese PLA were involved from January 1999 to October 2000. All of the 79eligible patients had received a radical surgery for rectal cancer by the time of study. Their sexual and urinary function before surgery were normal and an over-2-year follow-up after surgery was conducted on each of them. The two groups, which were classified into two groups according to surgical ap-proaches they received, contained comparable quantity of sampling and age distributions, which prompts the validity of the comparison.METHODS: By distributing follow-up letters, outpatient inquiries and phone call investigations; the follow-up was conducted to evaluate the sexual functions in these patients, including their penile erection and ejaculation. The erectile function was assessed according to the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire-5 (IIEF-5). The assessment on ejaculation was based on whether the patients had a sexual climax and whether they can ejaculate. The definition of urinary function consisted of both short-term and long-term urinary functions.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The sexual desire, erectile function, ejaculation and the urinary function in patients within different age brackets.RESULTS: After Miles operation, 81% patients developed sexual dysfunction, 46% got short-term urinary dysfunction(19/41) and 5 % (2/41) had long-term urinary dysfunction. While after Dixon operation, 55% patients had sexual dysfunction, 29% (11/38) had short-term urinary dysfunction, and none of the patients had long-term urinary dysfunction. The difference between the outcomes of the two operations was significant( P ＜ 0. 05) .Sexual dysfunction occurred at a rate of 38% in the less-than-40 age bracket, 60% in the 40-to-59 age bracket, and 96% in the over-60 age bracket. The overall differences between different pairs of age brackets were significantly ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).CONCLUSION: There is a high rate of postoperative sexual and urinary dysfunction in male population. The age of patients and the approach adopted in the surgery are directly correlated with the rate of dysfunction. An autonomic nerve-preserving radical operation for rectal cancer can reduce the occurrence of sexual and urinary dysfunction effectively.

Objective To evaluate the legitimate of regional artery infusion chemotherapy in the treatment of gastric carcinoma. Methods　The pharmacokinetics of 5-Fu after different route of administration was studied. Results High concentration of 5-Fu found in portal vein via left-gastric intra-artetial administration were 4-40 folds higher than the group via intravenous administration.The time of high concentrations of 5-Fu via left-gastric intra-arterial administration maintained significantly longer than by intravenous administraion. The concentration of 5-Fu in tumor tissues and paratumorous lymph tissues by intra-arterial administration were 19 times and 23 times of the group by intravenous administration. Conclusion Regional arterial infusion chemotherapy can significantly increase the concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs in the tumorous region.

Objective To evaluate the effect of intraoperative placement of super-selective intraarterial pump and postoperative regional infusion chemotherapeutics for the treatment of laparotomy proved inoperable advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Methods Intraoperatively the major artery supplying the tumor was identified and cannulated with the placement of a pump. Postoperative regional chemotherapy was carried out in 79 cases of gastrointestinal cancer. Among them there were 42 cases of gastric cancer, 37 of colorectal cancer. Results Complete tumor remission was achieved in 1 case, partial remission in 69 cases. This therapy also enabled second stage tumor resection in 11 cases. The total effective rate reached 88.6%. The 1-, 2-, and 3- years' survival rates were 84%,28% and 9%, respectively, averaging the survival period at 20.6 months. Conclusion Super-selective intraarterial pump-insertion and postoperative regional chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of advanced inoperable gastrointestinal cancer.

Objective:To explore the relation of negative emotions to erroneous gambling cognition and gambling addiction in college students.Methods:Totally 357 college students in Macau were selected and assessed with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS),Gambling Related Cognition Scale (GRCS) and South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS).Bootstrap was used to test the mediating effect.Results:The students with higher erroneous gambling cognition got higher scores on negative emotions and addiction gambling than low-score group with erroneous gambling cognition (Ps ＜0.01).Mediating effect test showed that the direct effect of negative emotions on gambling addiction was 0.14,and the indirect effect was 0.05 (Ps ＜0.05).The indirect effect accounted for the total effect 26.3％.Conclusion:It suggests that negative emotions not only have direct effect on gambling addiction,but also have indirect effect on gambling addiction through erroneous gambling related cognition.

Objective　To study the effect of regional arterial chemotherapy (RACT) on unresectable gastric carcinoma (URGC). Methods　The clinical data of 100 patients with URGC treated by RACT were retrospectively analysed. Results　In addition to different degree of symptoms improvement, the size of gastric cancer became smaller in 81.2% of the cases, and the survival time of patients had been prolonged (mean 29.5 months). Conclusions　RACT is more effective for treating URGC and worthly of further clinical study.

ObjectiveTo explore the etiology of incisional hernia of abdomianal wall.Methods98 cases with incisional hernia were analyzed retrospectively in terms of incision type, technique of suture, suture materials,infection of incision, and the time of occurrence.ResultsLongitudinal incision, improper technique of suture,infection, increase of intraabdominal pressure, and diabetes mellitus were risk factors of incisional hernia. ConclusionsTransverse incision, prevention of infection of the incision, strict aseptic manipulation and hemostasis were effective in the prevention of incisional hernia. Most hernia developed within 6 months postoperatively.

Objective To evaluate the effect of internal iliac artery and portal vein chemotherapy in preventing local recurrence and hepatic metastasis after radical operation of rectal carcinoma. Methods 96 patients in PLA 309 Hospital with rectal carcinoma undergoing radical resection were divided into 2 groups: Portal vein and iliac artery perfusion chemotherapy group (pump chemotherapy group, 48 cases) and peripheral venous chemotherapy control group (48 cases). Results In the pump chemotherapy group, the 1 , 3 , and 5 year survival rates, local recurrence rate and hepatic metastasis rate were respectively 100%?83%?52%?13%? and 13%, compared with 88%?68%?32%?26% and 28% in control group (all P

Objective To evaluate the surgical treatment for patients with malignant colorectal mesenchymoma, and to analyze the clinical data, pathological features and the common presenting symptoms and its immunohistochemical staining property. Methods The clinical data and the pathological findings, including immunohistochemical staining, of 17 patients with malignant colorectal mesenchymoma admitted from Jan 1990 to Mar 2005 were retrospectively analyeed. All the patients were followed up carefully. Results All the patients underwent operation, and all the tumors were proved malignant pathologically. In 6 cases left hemicolectomy was done, in 3 cases right hemicolectomy was done, in 2 cases the treatment was local resection from the rectum, and 6 patients received Mile's resection. The 1, 3 and 5-year overall survival rates for 17 patients with the total resection of tumor were 100%, 70.6% and 47.1%, respectively. The median survival time for 17 patients was 52 months. The final diagnosis of malignant GIST depended on the pathological examination, but the most worthwhile diagnostic criterion was the presence of CD117 and CD34 cells. Conclusion Since the prognosis is very poor, radical hemicolectomy is the principal treatment, and comprehensive treatment is necessary to improve clinical result.

Objective To evaluate the necessity, feasibility, accuracy and clinical value of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) in early breast cancer. Methods In 32 cases with early breast cancer, sentinel lymph nodes identified by liposomes methylence blue mixture were excised for biopsy. The patients then received operations for breast cancer, including axillary lymph nodes dissection. SLN and avillary lymph nodes (ALN) were separately examined histopathologically. Results SLN was identified in 31 cases, success rate was 96.9%. In 9 of the 31 patients, SLN was positive for metastasis, in 22 of the 31 patients, SLN was negative for metastasis. In 10 of 32 patients, ALN was positive for metastasis, and in 22 of 32 patients, ALN was negative for metastasis. The sensitivity rate of SLNB was 90%, The accuracy rate of SLN was 93.8%, with a false negative rate of 10% and a false positive rate of zero. Conclusion The SLN biopsy can accurately predict the axillary metastasis for patients with breast cancer. Liposomes methylenc blue mixture tracing may increase the success rate of SLNB.

Objective To study the effect of regional arterial chemotherapy (RACT) on unresectable gastric carcinoma (URGC). Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with URGC treated by RACT were retrospectively analysed. Results In addition to different degree of symptoms improvement, the size of gastric cancer became smaller in 81 2% of the cases, and the survival time of patients had been prolonged (mean 29 5 months). Conclusions RACT is more effective for treating URGC and worthly of further clinical study.