Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy between the small skull-window microsurgical surgery and conventional trauma craniotomy in the treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage .Methods The clinical data of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage treated with two different approaches from January 2010 to October 2014 were analyzed retrospectively .Re-sults The re-hemorrhage rate of patients treated with conventional trauma craniotomy was relatively low ,compared with patients treated with small skull-window microsurgical surgery .small skull-window microsurgical surgery was superior than conventional trauma craniotomy in the incidence of postoperative complications ,disability rate and patients′ hospitalization time(P< 0 .05) .Con-clusion Small skull-window microsurgical surgery is superior than conventional trauma craniotomy .

Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, also known as Kuttner tumor, is a benign chronic inflammatory lesion of the salivary gland. Here, we describe a case of chronic sclerosing sialadenitis with mucinous ductal metaplasia in a parotid gland, which was confused with low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma on aspiration cytology.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; Metaplasia* ; Mucins* ; Parotid Gland* ; Salivary Glands ; Sialadenitis*

Objective To assess and compare the efficacy and safety of ecabet sodium-based quadruple therapy versus bismuth-based quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication.Methods A multicenter,randomized,positive controlled clinical trial was carried out.The object of the study were chronic gastritis patients at 8 hospitals in Xi'an,Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou from June 2009 to June 2011.All patients were divided into treatment group and control group.In treatment group,patients received ecabet sodium-based quadruple therapy (two times per day,omeprazole magnesium 20 mg,amoxicillin 1000 mg,clarithromycin 500 mg and ecabet sodium 1.0 g each time for 10 days.In control group,patients were assigned to receive bismuth-based quadruple therapy (two times per day; omeprazole magnesium 20 mg,amoxicillin 1000 mg,clarithromycin 500 mg and bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg each time) for 10 days.The Hp eradication was determined by 13C or 14C urea breath test at the 38th day after the treatment and the eradication rate was calculated.Side effects were recorded and analyzed.The data were analyzed by chi square test and Fisher's exact test.Results A total of 311 patients were recruited,and 155 patients were allatted in treatment group and 156 in control group.The per-protocol (PP) analysis indicated that the eradication rates of treatment group arid control group were 75.71％(106/140) and 77.37％(106/137) respectively,and there was no significant difference x2 =0.106,P=0.745).The intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis indicated that the eradication rates of treatment group and control group were 68.39％ (106/155) and 67.95％ (106/156) respectively,and there was no significant difference x2 =0.007,P=0.934).The side effects rates of treatment group and control group were 20.00％ (31/155) and 25.64％(40/156) respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (Fisher's exact test,P=0.280).No serious side effect was observed in two groups.Conclusion The efficacy and safety of ecabet sodium-based quadruple therapy for Hp eradication in chronic gastritis patients may be the same as bismuth-based quadruple therapy.

Objective: To explore the effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) on vascular neogenesis and hemorheological parameters following cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: An acute cervical SCI model was established using 84 female Sprague–Dawley rats. Functional recovery of the rats was evaluated using the forelimb locomotor scale score, forelimb grip strength test, and Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score. The animals were subsequently euthanized at days 7 and 28 postoperatively. The gross morphology, neuronal survival, and myelin sheath in the injured area were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Nissl, and luxol fast blue (LFB) staining, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe CD31 expression 7 days post-injury. Furthermore, the expression of CD31, neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), and myelin basic protein (MBP) were evaluated 28 days post-injury. Additionally, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) expression was evaluated using western blotting. Whole-blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, and red blood cell aggregation were measured using a hemorheometer. Results: From postoperative days 3–28, motor function in the BYHWD group began to recover considerably compared to the SCI group. BYHWD effectively restored spinal cord histopathology. In addition, the number of NeuN-positive cells, and fluorescence intensity of CD31at 7 and 28 days and MBP significantly increased in the BYHWD group compared with the SCI group (all P < .05). Moreover, this decoction significantly upregulated the expression of VEGFA and VEGFR-2 (all P < .05). BYHWD improved the hemorheology results (i.e., except erythrocyte aggregation index in the low-dose group), revealing statistically significant differences compared with the SCI group (all P < .05). Conclusion BYHWD effectively promoted angiogenesis, improved hemorheological parameters, and protected neurons and myelin sheaths, ultimately promoting the recovery of neurological function after cervical SCI in rats. These findings suggest that BYHWD promotes vascular neogenesis through the VEGFA/VEGFR-2 pathway.

Objective:To investigate the difference between simple posterior interbody fixation and fusion and posterior interbody fixation combined with focus debridement and bone graft fusion for the treatment of mono- and bi-segmental lumbar brucella spondylitis.Methods:A total of 63 patients (42 males and 21 females), aged 50.9±8.18 years (range from 38 to 69 years) with mono- and bi-segmental lumbar brucella spondylitis who received surgical treatment from June 2014 to Feb 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 44 cases of mono-segmental and 19 cases of bi-segmental. Thirty-one cases were treated with single posterior interbody fixation and fusion (PIFF group), and 32 caseswere treated with posterior interbody fixation combined with focus debridement and bone graft fusion (debridement group). The main observation indicators include operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative medication time, Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Frankel score and clinical efficacy.Results:All of 63 patients were followed up for 27.16±6.07 months (range 15 to 38 months). The operation time of mono-segmental patients of PIFF group was 105.86±16.66 min,the intraoperative blood loss was 295.00±55.11 ml, and the postoperative hospitalization was 4.45±1.53 days, which was significantly shorter than debridement group ( P<0.001), while the postoperative medication time was without significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The opration time of bi-segmental patients of PIFF group was 150.33±26.29 min, the intraoperative blood loss was 242.05±50.56 ml, and the postoperative hospitalization was 4.56±1.50 days, which was significantly shorter than debridement group ( P<0.001), while the postoperative medication time was also without significant difference between the two groups. At the last follow-up time, the VAS scores and ODI values of mono- and bi-segments in PIFF group and debridement group were lower than those preoperation, but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in CRP between mono-segments of PIFF group and debridement group at the preoperation, 3 months after operation and the last follow-up time ( P>0.05). The CRP in mono-segments of PIFF group and debridement group decreased at 3 months after the operation compared with that preoperation, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). There was no significant difference in CRP between bi-segments of PIFF group and debridement group at 3 months after operation and the last follow-up time ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in ESR between mono- and bi-segments of PIFF group and debridement group at 3 months after operation and the last follow-up time ( P>0.05). There was significant difference in ESR between mono- and bi-segments of PIFF group and debridement group at the preoperation, 3 months after operation and the last follow-up time. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of excellent postoperative clinical efficacy between the two groups. Complications were observed in two patients in PIFF group (6.5%, 2/31) compared with 8 patients in debridement group (25%, 8/32, χ2=4.057, P=0.044). Conclusion:On the basis of standardized anti-brucella drug therapy, simple posterior interbody fixation and fusion for the treatment of brucella spondylitis has a satisfactory surgical effect, and has the advantages of less surgical trauma, shorter time, earlier postoperative movement time and fewer complications.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Buyang Huanwutang regulates the glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）-acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 （ACSL4） axis to inhibit ferroptosis and promote neurological functional recovery after spinal cord injury （SCI）. MethodsNinety rats were randomly divided into five groups： sham operation group， model group， low-dose Buyang Huanwutang group （12.5 g·kg^-1）， high-dose Buyang Huanwutang group （25 g·kg^-1）， and Buyang Huanwutang + inhibitor group （25 g·kg^-1 + 5 g·kg^-1 RSL3）. The SCI model was established by using the allen method. Tissue was collected on the 7th and 28th days after operation. Motor function was assessed by using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan （BBB） scale. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE）， Nissl， and Luxol fast blue （LFB） staining were performed to observe spinal cord histopathology. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine mitochondrial ultrastructure. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the number of NeuN-positive cells and the fluorescence intensity of myelin basic protein （MBP）， GPX4， and ACSL4. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to analyze the mRNA expression of GPX4 and ACSL4. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was performed to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione （GSH）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD）. Colorimetric assays were used to determine the iron content in spinal cord tissue. ResultsCompared to the sham operation group， the model group exhibited significantly reduced BBB scores （P<0.01）， severe pathological damage in spinal cord tissue， and marked mitochondrial ultrastructural disruption. In addition， the model group showed a decrease in the number of NeuN-positive cells （P<0.01）， reduced fluorescence intensity of MBP and GPX4 （P<0.01）， lower levels of GSH and SOD （P<0.01）， and downregulated mRNA expression of GPX4 （P<0.01）. Moreover， compared to the sham operation group， the model group had elevated levels of ROS， MDA， and tissue iron content （P<0.01）， along with increased fluorescence intensity and mRNA expression of ACSL4 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group and Buyang Huanwutang + inhibitor group， the Buyang Huanwutang group showed significantly improved BBB scores （P<0.05， P<0.01） and exhibited less severe spinal cord tissue damage， reduced edema and inflammatory cell infiltration， increased neuronal survival， and more intact myelin structures. Additionally， mitochondrial ultrastructure was significantly improved in the Buyang Huanwutang group. Compared to the model group and Buyang Huanwutang + inhibitor group， the Buyang Huanwutang group significantly increased the number of NeuN-positive cells and the fluorescence intensity of MBP （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Furthermore， Buyang Huanwutang significantly increased the fluorescence intensity and mRNA expression of GPX4 （P<0.01） and decreased the fluorescence intensity and mRNA expression of ACSL4 （P<0.01） compared to the model group and Buyang Huanwutang + inhibitor group. Finally， the Buyang Huanwutang group significantly decreased ROS， MDA， and tissue iron content （P<0.01） and significantly increased GSH and SOD levels （P<0.01） compared to the model group and Buyang Huanwutang + inhibitor group. ConclusionBuyang Huanwutang inhibits ferroptosis through the GPX4/ACSL4 axis， reduces secondary neuronal and myelin injury and oxidative stress， and ultimately promotes the recovery of neurological function.

Beijing has been one of the epicenters attacked most severely by the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) since the first patient was diagnosed in one of the city's hospitals. We now report complete genome sequences of the BJ Group, including four isolates (Isolates BJ01, BJ02, BJ03, and BJ04) of the SARS-CoV. It is remarkable that all members of the BJ Group share a common haplotype, consisting of seven loci that differentiate the group from other isolates published to date. Among 42 substitutions uniquely identified from the BJ group, 32 are non-synonymous changes at the amino acid level. Rooted phylogenetic trees, proposed on the basis of haplotypes and other sequence variations of SARS-CoV isolates from Canada, USA, Singapore, and China, gave rise to different paradigms but positioned the BJ Group, together with the newly discovered GD01 (GD-Ins29) in the same clade, followed by the H-U Group (from Hong Kong to USA) and the H-T Group (from Hong Kong to Toronto), leaving the SP Group (Singapore) more distant. This result appears to suggest a possible transmission path from Guangdong to Beijing/Hong Kong, then to other countries and regions.
Genome, Viral ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; SARS Virus ; genetics