Objective To understand the features of health human resources(HHR) in our country and the current situation of studies of them so as to provide basis for planning and predicting HHR and standardizing their distribution. Methods Computer retrieval was combined with manual retrieval in surveying domestic data banks of relevant medical literature and academic periodicals. Results There has been rapid growth in the number of HHR, with uneven distribution, unbalanced specialty setups, academic degrees on the low side, and irrational proportions of professional and technical posts. In addition, studies of HHR have been mostly descriptive, adopting relatively single perspectives and ignoring research on the mobility and quality of HHR. Conclusion It is imperative to intensify microscopic studies of HHR, tap the potentiality of HHR, doing a good job of HHR distribution and planning, and conduct studies on the interaction between HHR and medical education so as to explore ways and models of replenishing HHR and training innovation-oriented academic leaders.

OBJECTIVEThis research aimed to investigate the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and to explore the mechanism by which PTH promotes DO.

METHODSA rabbit mandibular DO model was established. The rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The former were subcutaneously injected with different doses of PTH on alternate days, the latter was injected with normal saline every other day. Serum OPG levels were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The OPG and RANKL expression levels in the DO-induced formation of a new bone tissue were examined through immunohistochemistry staining.

RESULTSThe serum OPG levels gradually increased during distraction. At the end of the stretch, the OPG expression in the experimental group was significantly stronger than that in the control group. As the fixed period was extended, the OPG expression in the new bone gradually decreased, but the RANKL expression increased.

CONCLUSIONIntermittent subcutaneous PTH injection can upregulate the OPG expression and accelerate bone metabolism. Thus, this procedure promotes the early generation of a new bone in the mandible through DO.

Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Mandible ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Osteoprotegerin ; metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation

To investigate the phenotypic characteristics of the strain of the rabies virus CTNCEC25, the strain of the China rabies virus CTN-1 adapted to primary chicken embryo cells (CECs), Vero cells, and mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells was inoculated with CTNCEC25 and parental CTN-1 strains to explore the cytopathic effect (CPE) and growth kinetics of CTNCEC25 on cultured cells. To determine the pathogenicity of CTNCEC25, suckling mice, adult mice, guinea pigs and rabbits were inoculated with CTNCEC25 via the intracerebral route and their survival monitored every day. Furthermore, the CTNCEC25 strain was passed serially in CECs for 20 passages and then 3 passages in the brains of suckling mice to determine phenotypic stability. CTNCEC25 achieved similar growth kinetics in Vero cells and N2a cells compared with parental CTN-1, but CTNCEC25 replicated more efficiently in CECs than the CTN-1 strain with a titer 72 h after infection reaching 10(7.5-7.6) FFU/mL, which was significantly higher than the 10(5.8) FFU/mL achieved by its parental strain, CTN-1. Moreover, CTNCEC25 induced apparent CPE in Vero cells, CECs and N2a cells. Analyses of intracerebral inoculation demonstrated that CTNCEC25 was attenuated profoundly in adult mice and was completely apathogenic to guinea pigs and rabbits, though it caused death in suckling mice. The CTNCEC25 strain proliferated steadily after serial passage in CECs and the brains of suckling mice, and remained avirulent in adult mice. These results suggest that CTNCEC25 is a highly attenuated and genetically stable strain of the rabies virus. CTNCEC25 replicated stably and efficiently in cultured cells and achieved high titers, so it could be a promising and safe vaccine strain for rabies prevention in China.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; China ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Rabies ; virology ; Rabies virus ; genetics ; growth & development ; pathogenicity ; Serial Passage ; Viral Vaccines ; adverse effects ; genetics ; Virulence