The purpose of this study is to evaluate the interaction effects of In-Chen-How (Artemisia capillaries Thunb.) on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and on liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme activity in rats. The rats were divided into control group (n=8) without In-Chen-How and the pretreated group (n=8) administered with In-Chen-How (approximately 1.0 mL·kg-1, according to weight) for 5 consecutive days. Rats in the control group received water simultaneously. Each rat was then given acetaminophen. The pharmacokinetic parameters of acetaminophen of the two groups were significantly different. In the In-Chen-How pretreated group, the maximum concentration of acetaminophen and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve were reduced about 58.4%, 56.7% and 55.4%. To further explain the results, liver microsomal suspensions were obtained from rats that were randomly divided into control and In-Chen-How pretreated group. The levels of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 in hepatic microsomal protein from pretreated group were increased as compared to that from the control group. It indicated that In-Chen-How can stimulate the activity of CYP isozymes. The changes in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen resulting from the administration of In-Chen-How are related to an increase in metabolic activity of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.

Objective To investigate the SCCmec types of clinically isolated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (M RSE) .Methods Eighty‐four strains of clinically isolated Staphylococcus epidermidis identified by the fully automatic microbio‐logical identification system were collected and performed the MRSE identification by PCR for amplifying esp and mecA genes and SCCmec typing .Its distribution characteristics were analyzed .Results Esp gene was amplified in 84 strains and the detection rate of mecA was 76 .19% (64/84) ,in which the MRSE detection rates in blood ,sputum ,urine and wound secretion were 76 .8% , 68 .8% ,100% and 71 .4% respectively .The multiple PCR amplification displayed that among 64 strains of MRSE ,19 strains were SCCmec simple type ,in which 19 strains were SCCmec type Ⅰ and 3 strains were SCCmec type Ⅲ ;42 strains were SCCmec mixed type ,in which 2 strains were SCCmec mixed type Ⅰ and Ⅱ ,14 strains were SCCmec mixed type Ⅰ and Ⅲ ,12 strains were SCCmec mixed type Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ ,5 strains were SCCmec mixed type Ⅱ and Ⅲ ,a strains were and SCCmec mixed type Ⅲ and Ⅳ .Conclu‐sion The SCCmec type in clinically isolated MRSE shows obvious diversity and its majority is SCCmec mixed type .

Objective To investigate the influence of application of local anesthesia with lidocaine on bronchial lavage fluid (BLF) pseudomonas aeruginosa culture and drug sensitivity in cases with lung infection .Methods Two hundred and seventy speci-men of BLF were collected from 135 patients with infection of lung .And BLF were collected directly from right-broncho in control group ,and from left-broncho in lidocaine group .The outcome of pseudomonas aeruginosa culture and drug sensitivity were com-pared in the two groups .Results Fourty-two cases were postitive in BLF pseudomonas aeruginosa culture in the control group ,and 40 cases were postitive in lidocaine group .The positive rates were 31 .11% and 29 .63% ,respectively .There were no significance between the two groups (P<0 .001) .Compared with the control group ,the sensitive strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa were obvi-ously less and the drug tolerance strains were much more in lidocaine group for Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin (P<0 .05) .Howev-er ,there were no influence for drugs such as Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Ceftazidime ,etc .Conclusion 2% lidocaine has no influ-ence on the outcome of BLF pseudomonas aeruginosa culture .But it may reduce the drug sensitivity of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxa-cin in cases with infection of lung .

Objective To investigate the genetic location of SCCmec-associated psm-mec in Staphylococcus hominis isolated from blood culture,and to lay a foundation for further functional studies of psm-mec in Staphylococcus hominis.Methods 25 strains of Staphylococcus hominis isolated from positive blood culture were collected.mecA and psm-mec gene were amplified by PCR,and the SCCmec types were determined by the results of multiplex PCR assay.For analyzing the genetic location characteristic of psm-mec in SCCmec,three pair special PCR primers were used to measure mecR1/psm-mec,psm-mec/xylR and fudoh respectively.Results There were 21 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus hominis and 4 strains of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus hominis. The positive rate of psm-mec gene in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus hominis was 47.6%,and no psm-mec gene was found in methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus hominis.Among psm-mec positive strains,2 strains belonged to SCCmecⅢ,5 strains belonged to SCCmecⅢ-like,and 3 strains belonged to new SCCmec types.All of the 10 psm-mec positive strains were mecR1/psm-mec,psm-mec/xylR and fudoh gene positive.Conclusion SCCmec-associated psm-mec extensively exists in methicillin-resistant Staphylococ-cus hominis isolated from positive blood culture,which distributes mainly in typical SCCmecⅢ,SCCmecⅢ-like and new SCCmec types and locates between mecR1 and xylR gene.

Objective To construct mutant strains of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermi-dis (MRSE) with psm-mec gene deletion and to investigate the function of psm-mec gene.Methods The drug sensitivity test and DNA sequence analysis were performed to screen out the tetracycline and chloram -phenicol sensitive clinical strains of MRSE , whose upstream and downstream sequences of psm-mec gene were identical to those of the Staphylococcus epidermidis reference strain RP62A.The recombinant plasmid pBT2-Δpsm-mec was constructed by using the fusion PCR and a temperature sensitive shuttle plasmid .After being identified , the plasmid was transformed into the Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 strain by electropora-tion, and then transformed into the selected clinical isolates of MRSE .The mutant strains of MRSE with psm-mec deletion were screened out and identified after homologous recombination .The differences in biofilm formation between the mutant and wild-type strains were analyzed for further elucidation the relationships be-tween the psm-mec gene and biofilm formation in MRSE strains .Results Three clinical MRSE isolates for the construction of mutant strains with psm-mec gene deletion were screened out and identified by using drug sensitivity test and sequence alignment analysis .The mutants constructed via homogenous recombination were screened out and identified .Compared with the corresponding wild-type strains, the three mutants with psm-mec gene deletion showed significantly decreased ability of biofilm formation , demonstrating that the psm-mec genes strains induced the biofilm formation of MRSE .Conclusion The Δpsm-mec mutant strains were successfully constructed .The psm-mec gene played an important role in the biofilm formation of Staphy-lococcus epidermdis.

AIM: To investigate the relationship among MCP-1 and monocyte chemoattract protein activity (MCA) and pathogenesis of lung cancer. METHODS: 173 patients were involved in the study and divided into three groups: group A: lung cancer group (60 patients); group B: benign lung disease group (55 patients) and group C: healthy control group (58 patients). MCP-1 level and MCA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. RESULTS: The concentration of MCP-1 and MCA in BALF in group A were much higher than those in group B and group C (P

Objective To analyse pathogenesis, types, diagnosis and operation methods of adult intussusception. Methods Clinical data of 150 patients with adult intussusception were reviewed retrospectively . Results Symptom included paroxysmal bellyache (90 0%), abdominal mass (64 7%), nausea and vomit (58 0%), hematochezia (20 7%), constipation (10%) and symptom triad of bellyache , mass and hematochezia (15 3%). Tumor, inflammation, Meckel′s diverticulum and mobile cecum were main cause for intussusception. All 150 patients received operation, 147 patients were cured and 3 patients died. Conclusions Most patients of adult intussusception had pathological basis. The result of surgical therapy is good.

Objective To summarize the experience in prevention and treatment of iatrogenic bile duct injury Methods Clinical data of 112 cases with iatrogenic bile duct injury in ten hospitals of Songhua river drainage area from January 1978 to January 2003 were analyzed retrospectively Results The main cause of iatrogenic bile duct injury was wrong identifying the anatomy of the Calot′s triangle before cholecystectomy accounting for 55 4% (62/112) Diagnosis depended on clinical features, celiac puncture and imaging examination Ultrasonography was among the most sensitive diagnostic means (diagnostic rate=97 5%) Six types of injury were identified according to their locations and type Ⅲ damage was most common in clinical practice (92/112) The curative rate in this group was 95 5% (107/112) Eighty seven cases (77 7%) underwent Roux en Y choledochojejunostomy, with cure rate of 94 3%(82/87) Conclusion Iatrogenic bile duct injury prevention lies in identifing the topography of extrahepatic bile ducts Roux en Y choledochojejunostomy is usually the therapy of choice

Objective:To investigate the effect of automated nested multiplex PCR system in the detection of children with severe community-acquired pneumonia(CAP), and identify the pathogenic infection of the children with severe CAP in Foshan.Methods:Children with severe CAP, who were admitted to the PICU at Foshan First People′s Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018, were enrolled in the analysis.Nasopharyngeal secretions were collected.And automated nested multiplex PCR was used to detect adenovirus, coronavirus (HKUl type, NL63 type, 229E type, 0C43 type), human metapneumovirus, influenza A virus (H1 subtype, H1-2009 subtype, H3 subtype), influenza B virus, parainfluenza virus (type 1, type 2, type 3, type 4), respiratory syncytial virus, Bacillus pertussis, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumonia.Results:Among the 290 specimens detected by the automated nested multiplex PCR, 246(84.83%) were positive.There were 166 positive samples for a single pathogen, 60 positive samples for two pathogens, 17 positive samples for three pathogens, and three positive samples for four pathogens.Among the virus-positive cases, respiratory syncytial virus was the most common pathogen in children younger than 6 months(62.39%, 73/117). The most common pathogen was human rhinovirus/enterovirus(43.48%, 20/46) from seven months to one year old.Adenovirus(37.50%, 18/48) was the most common pathogen among children aged one to three years old.Rhinovirus/enterovirus(35.00%, 7/20) was the most common pathogen among children aged three to six years old.The most common pathogen in children over six years old was influenza virus(46.67%, 7/15). The adenovirus detection rate was highest in May, the syncytial virus detection rate was highest in August, and the influenza virus detection rate was highest in July.Mycoplasma pneumoniae and pertussis were distributed throughout the year.Conclusion:The automated nested multiplex PCR system can detect multiple pathogens efficiently, quickly and accurately; the common pathogens of severe CAP are diverse in different age groups; the epidemic season of common pathogens is unique in different regions due to different climates.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and changing tendency of urinary tract stones.Methods From January 2011 to May 2017,clinical data of 15 269 patients treated in our center was retrospectively reviewed.The stone components were detected by the automatic stone infrared spectroscopy system and the predominant components were recorded.There were 9 019 male patients and 6 250 female patients.The patients were divided into four groups according to their age,including group A ≤ 18 years;group B 19-40 years;group C 41-60 years;and group D ＞ 60 years.Compared the distribution characteristics of urinary tract stones of patient in different groups of sex,age and calendar year.Results Calcium oxalate stones were more prevalent in males than females [6 221 (69.0％)vs.3 582 (57.3％),P ＜ 0.001],but calcium phosphate stones [210 (3.4％) vs.210 (2.3％)],magnesium ammonium phosphate stones [230(3.7％) vs.165 (1.8％)] and carbonate apatite stones [1 328 (21.3％) vs.1 030 (11.4％)] were more common in females than males (P ＜ 0.001,respectively).The proportion of uric acid stones in group D [679(20.7％)] was higher than that in group A [23(9.1％)],group B[260(7.9％)],group C [1 163 (13.8％)] (P ＜0.001,respectively).The peak of carbonate apatite stones was showed in group B [652(19.7％)] (P＜0.001,respectively).Ammonium urate stones [9(3.5％)] and cystine stones [36 (14.2％)] were more frequent in group A(P ＜0.001,respectively).In adults,the percentage of uric acid stones increased with age,such as group B [260(7.9％)],group C [1 163(13.8％)],group D [679 (20.7％)].And the carbonated apatite stones decreased with age,such as group B [652 (19.7％)],group C [1 270(15.1％)],group D [416(12.7％)] (P ＜0.001,respectively).Further analysis showed the proportion of calc ium oxalate (OR =0.944,95 ％ CI 0.927-0.962,P ＜ 0.001),ammonium urate stones (OR =0.854,95％ CI 0.742-0.982,P =0.027) decreased,while calcium phosphate (OR =1.192,95％ CI 1.127-1.261,P ＜0.001),uric acid (OR =1.042,95％ CI 1.015-1.069,P =0.002) and ammonium magnesium phosphate (OR =1.078,95％ CI 1.019-1.141,P =0.009) stones increased with time.Conclusions The distribution of stones was different in genders and age.Calcium oxalate stones were more common in male patients,while ammonium magnesium phosphate and carbonate apatite stones were more common in female patients.Uric acid stones were more frequent in patients older than 60,while carbonate apatite were more frequent in the 19-40 age group.The proportion of calcium oxalate and ammonium urate stones showed a downward trend,whereas calcium phosphate,uric acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones increased with time.