OBJECTIVE:To study the anti-tussive and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of Pegaeophyti Radix Et Rhizoma(P. Radix Et Rhizoma). METHODS:In the experiment,there were a model group,a positive control group [30 mg/kg co-deine for mice,18.38 mg/kg codeine for guinea pigs,20 mg/kg indometacin for mice and 15 mg/kg indometacin for rats] and P. Ra-dix Et Rhizoma low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups [2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g(medicinal materials)/kg for mice;1.2,2.4 and 4.8 g (medicinal materials)/kg for guinea pigs;1.4,2.8 and 5.6 g (medicinal materials)/kg for rats],with 10 animals in each group. The above-mentioned animals were given corresponding drug ig for 4 consecutive days,and then strong ammonia spraying method and sulfur dioxide stimulation method were employed to induce cough in mice and citric acid spraying method to induce cough in guinea pigs to observe the incubation period and times of cough,auricular swelling method to observe xylene-induced au-ricular swelling in mice and pedal swelling method to observe carrageenin-induced pedal swelling in rats. RESULTS:Compared to the model group,Aqueous extract of P. Radix Et Rhizoma could prolong the incubation period and reduce times of cough induced by strong ammonia spraying and sulfur dioxide stimulation in mice of positive control group and P. Radix Et Rhizoma medium-dose and high-dose groups;it could prolong the incubation period of and reduce times of cough induced by citric acid spraying in guinea pigs of positive control group and P. Radix Et Rhizoma medium-dose and high-dose groups;it could alleviate xylene-induced auricu-lar swelling in mice of positive control group and P. Radix Et Rhizoma medium-dose and high-dose groups;it could alleviate carra-geenin-induced pedal swelling in rats of positive control group and P. Radix Et Rhizoma medium-dose and high-dose groups. There were statistically significances (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Aqueous extract of P. Radix Et Rhizoma has anti-tussive and anti-inflammatory effects on the experimental animals.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the contents determination of 5 heavy metals in Ershiwuwei shanhu pills, and to investigate the contents of heavy metals in Ershiwuwei shanhu pills produced by 5 manufacturers from different districts of Tibet. METHODS:Ershiwuwei shanhu pills were digested by HNO3-HClO4(4:1,V/V).The contents of 3 heavy metals as Cu,Pb, Cd in samples were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS). The contents of 2 heavy metals as As,Hg in samples were measured by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry(HG-AAS). RESULTS:5 kinds of heavy metals have good linear relationship in the corresponding mass concentration range(all r≥0.999 1). The limits of detection of Cu,Pb, Cd were 0.001 6,0.041 2,0.036 3 mg/L,and the limits of quantitation were 0.005 3,0.137 3,0.121 0 mg/L;the limits of detection of As,Hg were 0.325 7,0.692 3 μg/L,and the limits of quantitation were 1.085 7,2.307 7 μg/L. RSDs of precision tests were ≤5.54%(n=6);RSDs of stability tests were all≤3.79%;RSDs of reproducibility tests were ≤3.72%. The average recovery rates were 91.34%-110.11%(RSDs were 0.66%-6.80%,n=6). Results of contents determination showed that the contents of Cu in samples from 5 manufacturers were not out of limits,but the contents of Cd and Hg were all out of limits; the contents of Pb in samples from 4 manufacturers were out of limits,and the contents of As in samples from 2 manufacturers were out of limits. CONCLUSIONS:The established method has good accuracy,sensitivity,stability and reproducibility,and it is suitable for contents determination of 5 heavy metals in Ershiwuwei shanhu pills. To some extent,there is a problem of excessive heavy metals in samples from 5 manufacturers.

Objective To evaluate the standardized drug treatment and its influence factors of patients,with coronary artery disease,in hospital and one year after discharge.Methods The study enrolled sequentially 165 patients who were firstly diagnosed of coronary artery disease,61 cases with stable angina,67 cases with unstable angi-na and 37 cases of acute myocardial infarction,by coronary artery angiography from 2010 to 2012.The standardized drug treatment and its influence factors of patients were analyzed at hospital and 1 year after discharge in the present study.Results Fifty five percent patients with coronary artery disease at hospital regularly took the four drugs,anti-platelet agents,statins,beta blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor antagonist. The ratio decreased to forty five percent one year after discharge(χ2 =81.04,P <0.01).The reasons of the irregular medication taken were optional withdrawal(61%),following the doctors′advice(15%),economic hardship(20%) and the drugs′adverse reaction(4%).Conclusion The results of the present study showed that the rate of regular medication in patients with coronary artery disease is low in hospital and 1 year after discharge.The major reasons of the irregular medicine taken were the patients′optional withdrawal and the consciousness of second prevention was lack in doctors in our hospital.Therefore,the increase of the consciousness of regular standardized treatment in prima-ry care physicians and strengthen the management of the patients after discharge form hospital.

Objective To investigate the expression of liver cancer stem cells(LCSCs) biomarkers and tumour angiogenesis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical significance.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CD90,CD133 and CD34 in tumor tissues from 61 patients with HCC undergoing curative hepatectomy.Results The positive rates of CD90and CD133 in HCC tissues were 29.5％ (18/61)and 31.1％ (19/61),the positive rates of CD90 and/or CD133 in HCC were 45.9％ (28/61).The positive rate of LCSCs biomarkers in patients with vascular invasion,tumor differentiation Ⅲ/Ⅳ,non-complete encapsulation,and TNM stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ was significantly higher than those with non-vascular invasion,tumor differentiation Ⅰ / Ⅱ,with complete encapsulation,and TNM stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ.There were a significant positive correlation between LCSCs biomarkers expression and MVD(r =0.5,P ＜ 0.05).As compared with negative LCSCs expression and MVD low group,patients with a positive LCSCs biomarkers expression and MVD high in tumours had significantly lower overall survival (OS) and poor relapse-free survival (RFS).Conclusions High expression levels of LCSCs biomarkers are related to markers of angiogenesis microvessel density (MVD).By combining two of those we can classify paitients and anticipate the prognosis after surgery.

Objective To assess the effects of gonadectomy on carcinogenesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by chemical substances in rat model. Methods Fifty male and 50 female Sprague-Dawley rats (age of 5-6 weeks) were equally divided into four groups: male experimental (surgical castration) and control groups and female experimental (surgical castration)and control groups. The HCC model was induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and Nnitrosomorpholine (NMOR) in SD rats. The effects of gonadectomy on occurring and development of HCC were observed. Results The incidence of HCC in female experimental group was higher than that in female control group (11/11 vs 5/14, P=0. 001), while it was lower in male experimental group than that in male control group (3/10 vs 12/12, P=0. 001). It was demonstrated that gonadectomy could increase the growth of HCC (P=0. 013) and tumor metastasis (P=0. 036) in female rats, but not in male rats. The formation of liver cirrhosis and HCC was found at 8 and 16 weeks in male experimental group, at 12 and 20 weeks in male control group, at 16 and 20 weeks in female experimental group and at 12 and 16 weeks in female control group. These findings showed that gonadectomy could improve the development of carcinogenesis in female rats and delay the carcinogenesis in male rats. Conclusion Sex hormones, especially estrogens, may be involved in development and metastasis of rats HCC.