Quercetin is the major bioflavonoid in the human diet and can be ubiquitously found in nature.Studies have suggested that quercetin has many biological activities and clinical applications such as antioxidant,anti-inflammation, anti-tumor effects. This article reviews recent advances in its anti-oxidation mechanisms, protective effects on oxidative stress-related diseases, and other applications.

Objective To investigate the relationship between maternal serum lipid levels and newborn weight in pregnant women with single positive diabetic screening test. Methods On the basis of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 406 pregnant women during 24-28 gestational week whose 50 glucose challenge test (GCT)≥7.8 mmol/L were separated to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group with 115cases, gestational impaired glucose tolerant (GIGT) group with 60 cases,and GCT (+) group with 231 cases.The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were measured at the same time. Results Serum TG concentration was significantly higher in GDM group than that in GIGT group and GCT(+) group(P＜0.01).The level of HDL-C, ApoB in GDM group were lower than those in GIGT group and GCT(+) group (P＜0.01). In the 231 women with positive diabetic screening but normal glucose tolerance who delivered at term, the incidence of macrosomia was significantly higher in those with TG levels higher than 3.5 mmol/L (25.0%, 11/44) than in mothers who TG levels were lower than 3.5mmol/L (11.2%, 21/187) (P=0.017). Multiple regression analysis (stepwise) showed that the independent risk factors of macrosomia was the level of TG and ApoB (F=7.677,P=0.006;F = 7.842,P = 0.001 ).Conclusion Among pregnant women with single positive diabetic screening test,maternal serum TG and ApoB are independently associated with neonatal birth weight.

blank group. Conclusion Fangshi capsule combining with Auricular-plaster therapy could prevent the formation of cholesterol gallstone possibly by reducing the calcium ion concentration in the bile.

Objective To explore the effect of exposure of the recurrent laryngcal nerve(RLN) in prevention of RLN injury during thyorid surgery.Methods The clinical data of 810 cases of thyroid operation in which the RLN was exposed in 252 cases(group A) and was unexposed in 558 cases(group B) were analyzed.Results Although the extent of thyroid resection was greater in group A than in group B,the rate of RLN injury in group A(1.19 %) was significantly lower than that of group B(3.05 %,P

Objective To investigate the expression patterns and significance of aquaporin 5 (AQP‐5) and multidrug‐resistance associated genes in human colon cancer with different differentiation degree and their correlation .Methods The expression of aqua‐porin 5 and resistance genes P‐gp ,GST‐π,TopoⅡ ,and TS in human 45 cases colon cancer tissues with different differentiation de‐gree and 36 cases of adjacent mucosa tissues as well as 58 cases of normal colonic epithelium were detected by quantitative RT‐PCR ,Western blot and immunohistochemistry .Results Immunohistochemistry results showed that AQP‐5 distributed mainly in the cell membrane and the cytoplasm .Fluorescence quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot showed that AQP‐5 expression could not be detected in adjacent mucosa tissues and normal colonic epithelium tissues .The AQP‐5 expression level was higher in colon cancer tissues compared with adjacent mucosa tissues and normal colonic epithelium tissues (P<0 .05) ,and the expression intensity was correlated with the differentiation degree of colon cancer tissues (P<0 .05) .The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that P‐gp distributed mainly in the cell membrane and the cytoplasm ,GST‐πmainly distributed in the nuclei and cytoplasm ,Topo Ⅱ main‐ly distributed in the nucleus ,and TS distributed mainly in the cytoplasm .Fluorescence quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot re‐sults showed that the expression levels of all resistance genes detected were higher in colon cancer tissues compared with adjacent mucosa tissues and normal colonic epithelium tissues (P<0 .05) .Furthermore ,P‐gp ,GST‐π,and Topo Ⅱ expression were negative‐ly correlated with the differentiation degree of colon cancer tissues ,the more poor differentiation level of tissue ,the higher expres‐sion level of P‐gp ,GST‐π ,Topo Ⅱ .However ,the expression level of TS did not change significantly in different differentiation de‐gree colon cancer tissues (P>0 .05) .Positive correlation was found between the expression of AQP‐5 and P‐gp ,GST‐π,Topo Ⅱ(P<0 .05) .Negative correlation was found between the expression of AQP‐5 and TS (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The AQP‐5 and re‐sistance gene expression were increased in colon cancer tissues .The AQP‐5 expression level was higher in colon cancer compared with adjacent control or normal tissues ,which may promote the transfer and progress of colon cancer .

Objective To explore the efficacy of autologous pleural patch in surgical operation on the patient with chronic tuberculous empyema.Methods Autologous pleura patches were used to repair the pulmonary wound in the surgical operations for 7 patients with chronic tuberculous empyema,who received surgical management in Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital from August 2012 to November 2014.The leak time of the patient and the time of the chest tube were recorded,the pulmonary re-examination was observed by chest X-ray,and the follow-up results were recorded.Results The time of persistent pulmonary air leak of 6 patients was not more than 10 hours after operation,1 patient was not more than 24 hours.Review of X-ray chest showed that good for lung,4-7 d after operation removal of thoracic dosed drainage tube,there was no death and no chest infection in 7 patients and review of CT chest showed no significant residual cavity.After follow-up for 6-24 months 7 patients had satisfactory efficacy,there was no pneumothorax and thoracic infection,no residual cavily.Conclusion Autologous pleura can be used to patch the pulmonary wound in the surgical operation on the patient with chronic tuberculous empyema.

Learning guidance in pathology teaching can help to improve the students' learning ability. Learning guidance can be mainly done in two aspects:developing and fostering the students' learning ability on their own and guiding the students to review scientifically.

The article is to discuss the physiology teaching methods for the foreign students.The teaching effect can be highly improved by preparing well before the class,reforming teaching methods and renovating systems of review and examination.

10.3969/j.issn.1007-3969.2013.04.007

Objective To analyze videourodynamic characteristics of female bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Methods Retrospective analysis of videourodynamic characteristics were performed in 42 women with BOO. On the basis of the videourodynamic findings, women with BOO were categorized into five groups: bladder neck obstruction, middle urethra (urethral sphincter) obstruction, distal urethra obstruction, external orifice of urethra obstruction, high-grade pelvic organ prolapse. Data of five groups were compared in Qmax, maximum cystometric capacity, Pdet at Qmax, residual urine, detrusor instability and hydronephrosis. Data of all patients were analyzed by SPSS13 statistical software, measurement data by t-test and enumeration data by x2-test. Results Five groups had not significant deviation in the maximum cystometric capacity. however patients with bladder neck obstruction had significant deviation with others in Pdet at Qmax (78. 0 ± 23. 6)cm H2O, residual urine (120. 6±115.2)ml, Qmax (7.0±2.3)ml/s (P<0.05). There was significant deviation between middle urethra (urethral sphincter) obstruction(76.9%)and others in detrusor instability(P<0. 05). In all patients with hydronephrosis, bladder neck obstruction(57. 1 %) had significant deviation with others (P<0. 05). Conclusions Videourodynamic tests could assess lower urinary tract function, and may guide clinic management. The bladder neck obstruction was most serious and harmful to upper urinary tract.