Objective To investigate the distribution of water fluoride and the present status of water-improving defuoridation projects in the endmie fluorosis areas in Gansu Province in 2006. Methods The content of fluoride in drinking water in 18 endemic disease counties was screened, and the defluoridation projects built after the 1980s were supervised and inspected. The content of fluoride in drinking water was assessed by F-ion selective electrode. Results Fluoride content was determined in water of 6260 sources in 1252 fluorosis villages in 18 counties, with 63.50% (3975/6260)≤1.0 mg/L and 36.50%(2285/6260)>1.0 mg/L. Nine hundred and ninty-seven water-improving and clefluoridation projects had been investigated in 16 counties, among which 95.49% (952/997) were function well, and projects intermittently running or abandoned respectively accounted for 3.11% (31/997) and 1.40%(14/997). Nine hundred and eighty-three sources of water treated by the water-improving and defluoridation projects had been determined for fluoride content, it turned out that 91.76% (902/983) were within the standard, only 8.24% (81/983) were not; as for outlet and leftover water of 934 water-improving and defluoridatian projects determined for water fluoride content, qualified projects accounted for 92.08% (860/934) and 91.97%(859/934), leaving 7.92%(74/934) and 8.03%(75/934) disqualified, respectively. Water-improving and defluoridation projects mostly relied on drilling a well in gaining under-ground water or collecting surface-ground water, so under-ground water and surface-ground water are the majority. Conclusions Water fluoride content exceeds the standard in some of the villages. A few projects do not function well. Fluorosis damage still exists in Gansu Province, therefore countermeasures for endemic fluorosis must be carried out as promptly as possible and surveillance on water-improving and defluoridation projects must be strengthened and managed.

The main pollution of coastal sea is heavy metal and eutrophication,which resulted in degeneration of its eco-function.Pollution of heavy metal is accompanied with eutrophication in sea water.This article studied on copper absorption capacity of several bacteria strains which were isolated from the surface of macroalga Gracilaria lemaneaformis that was cultivated in copper polluted sea.We got 6 strains of epiphytic bacteria from the seaweed,Ochrobactrum anthropi,Aeromonas salmonicida,Micrococcus lylae,Corynebacterium ulcerans,Pseudoalteromonas spp,Vibrio fluvialis.Attained from the experiment of copper biosorption,A.salmonicida had a maximal biosorption capacity among them,and Vibrio minimal.Based on this trail,A.salmonicida,C.ulcerans and Vibrio were selected for next trails included optimal biosorption time,optimal pH value and effect of pre-disposal by several chemical reagents on biosorption capacity.The results showed:optimal biosorption time was between 40 minutes and 60 minutes,and optical pH value 4～5.Pre-disposal by HCl leaded to lost the absorption capacity of A.salmonicida,but was opposite by NaOH and ethanol.For C.ulcerans and Vibrio,the copper absorption capacities were increased by them.

Background and Objective Keshan disease is clinically characterized as a dilated eardiomyopathy. We analyze the prevalence trend during last decade of hypertension and Keshan-disease in Yangzhuang village which was a Keshan-disease epidemic area.Method The survey including medical history,blood pressure and ECG were carried out every two years during the follow up 13 years.Results During follow up period,the total detection rate(hypertension:13.4 % vs Keshan-disease:10.7 %,?~2=8.555,P=0.002)and the accumulative rate of hypertension were higher than those of Keshan-disease,which was on the contrary to that before 1993,when increasing rate of Keshan-disease was higher than hypertension.Furthermore,the accumulative increasing rate of hypertension was 240.0%,which was higher than the national average level during corresponding period with no significant differences between female and male.Conclusion The detection rate of hypertension in Keshan disease epidemic area was higher than the average rate nation-wide.Whether the hypertension prevalence was re- lated to Keshan-disease needs further investigation.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of electric sacral neuromdulation and resiniferatoxin in patients with female overactive bladder.Methods 32 cases with IOAB female patients accepted percutaneous test sitmulation of the electric sacral nerves at S3 ,and treated by intravesical instillation with 100ml of 100nmol/L RTX.The effica- cy of voiding status were evaluated.The improvement of female patients life were evaluated comparing the rating of depression and anxiety.Results There were significant improvements in 32 cases in variables included the number of voiding,volume voided and signs every day and urgent uresis.In the rating of depression and anxiety,the patients improved a litter and still had stimulating symptom in urethra and bladder.Conclusion The treatment of IOAB with single administratoon of electric sacral neuromdulation and resiniferatoxin is effective,and can successfully im- prove the symptom with little side effects.

Objective To understand distribution of the endemic fluorosis areas and running status of water-improving defuoridation projects in Gausu province. Methods In 2006, Gansu province endemic fluorosis areas, the content of fluoride in drinking water was measured in villages where water was not improved, running status of delluoridation projects was investigated and the content of fluoride in drinking water were determined in villages where water was improved. Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis prevalence were examined in children in identified high-fluorlde villages. The fluorine content in drinking water was determined by F-ion selective electrode, dental fluorosis of children was diagnosed using Dean method, and adults skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to "National Standard for Clinical Diagnosis of Endemic Skeletal Fhiorosis" (GB 16396-1996). Results Water samples were examined in 1997 villages of 26 countries, among which water fluoride content was higher than 1.0 mg/L in 598 villages, accounting for 29.94%(598/1997). All 1215 water-improving and defluoridation projects had been investigated, among which 94.90%(1153/1215) of the projects were functioning well, and intermittent and abandoned projects accounted for 2.96%(36/1215) and 2.14%(26/1215). Mean fluoride of treated water of 1084 water-improving and defluoridation projects had water fluoride content ≤ 1.0 mg/L, accounted for 90.79%(1084/1194) ; mean fluoride of water from 1068 water-improving and defluoridation projects had water fuoride content ≤ 1.0 mg/L, accounting for 91.75%(1068/1164). Total 86 390 children of 8 to 12 year-old were examined, the detectable rate of dental fluorosis was 22.47%(19 414/86 390) and 142 211 adults above 16 year-old were examined, the detectable rate of skeletal fluorosis was 4.20%(5967/142 211). Conclusions Some villages yet have water fluoride content exceeding the standard. Some projects are abandoned and running badly, leading to fluoride content exceeding the standard. In a few areas, the prevalence of children dental fluorosis and adult skeletal fluorosis still exists in Gansu province, the task of prevention and control for endemic fluorosis is still arduous. We must raise the effect of prevention and treatment of this disease.

The combination of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata can increase efficacy and decrease toxicity. This study started from the phenomena of protein self-assembly in the mixed decoction of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata. The attenuated mechanism was explored between the combination of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata by using the protein of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and aconitine which was the major toxic component of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma protein with aconitine could form stable particles which particle mean diameter was (206.2 ± 2.02) nm and (238.20 ± 1.23) nm at pH 5.0 in normal temperature. Through the mouse acute toxicity experiment found that injection of aconitine monomer all mice were killed, and injection of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma protein-aconitine particles with the same content of aconitine all mice survived. Survey the stability of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma protein-aconitine shows that the colloid particles is stable at room temperature, and it has the possibility to candidate drug carrier. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma protein can reduce the toxicity of aconitine through self-assembly.
Aconitum ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; toxicity ; Female ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo study the expressions of gastric mucosal proteins in chronic gastritis (CG) rats of Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome (PWDHS), to investigate the pathogenesis correlated to CG rats of PWDHS, to observe the differential expressions of gastric mucosal proteins in CG rats of PWDHS, and to investigate the mechanisms of Sanren Decoction (SD) for treating CG rats of PWDHS.

METHODSTotally 36 male SD rats were adaptable fed for 3 days and randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the CG of PWDHS rat model group (abbreviated as the model group), and the SD treatment group, 12 in each group. The CG of PWDHS rat model was prepared by composite factors. The gastric mucosal protein was separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique, and stained by Coomassie brilliant blue. The protein spots expressed differently were analyzed by PDquest 8.0 software. The protein spots expressed differently was identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS.

RESULTSThe protein spots were 1 025 +/- 3 9, 994 +/- 51, 1 087 +/- 33 in the normal control group, the model group, and the SD treatment group respectively detected from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles. Compared with the normal control group, there were 74 protein spots differentially expressed in the model group, 30 spots up-regulated and 44 spots down-regulated. Compared with the model group, there were 75 protein spots differentially expressed in the SD treatment group, 49 spots up-regulated and 26 spots down-regulated. Five protein spots differentially expressed were successfully identified, i.e., heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and unnamed protein.

CONCLUSIONSThe pathogenesis of CG of PWDHS may be correlated to energy metabolism disturbance and stress. The mechanisms of SD for treating it may possibly adjust differential expressions of gastric mucosal proteins.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; Gastritis ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Proteome ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the process of pulp revitalization of immature permanent teeth after pulpectomy.

METHODSThirty-two single-rooted teeth with open apices from 4 Beagle dogs aged 4 months were included in the study. The pulpal tissues of 8 front teeth with single root of each dog were removed, and a blood clot was produced to the level of the cementoenamel junction followed by a double seal of mineral trioxide aggregate and composite resin. At day 7, 14, 21 and 28, respectively after operation, the dog was sacrificed, and then longitudinal paraffin sections were made for histologic investigation.

RESULTSAfter 7 days, about one thirth of the pulp chamber had an ingrowth of new tissue. After 14, 21, 28 days, there were more and more new tissue in the chamber. This new tissue consisted of well-organized and well-vascularized connective tissue. Hard tissue was too observed in the root canal. In some cases, the newly generated hard tissue even deposited against the canal dentinal walls.

CONCLUSIONSThe pulp of immature permanent teeth can revitalize after removal of the original pulp tissue under suitable conditions.

Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Connective Tissue ; growth & development ; Dental Pulp ; blood supply ; growth & development ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; blood supply ; growth & development ; Dentition, Permanent ; Dogs ; Incisor ; blood supply ; growth & development ; Male ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Pulpectomy

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with uvula preservation and radiofrequency tongue base reduction for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

METHODSForty six patients with OSAHS were enrolled. One group (n = 22) of patients only received uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with uvula preservation, while the other group (n = 24) had both uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with uvula preservation and radiofrequency tongue base reduction. Polysomnography and distance between anterior pillars (DBAP), distance between posterior pillars (DBPP), length of roft palate, distance between tongue base and posterior pharyngeal wall (DBTP) were measured before and 6 months after surgery.

RESULTSThe pre-operation apnea hypopnea index (AHI), x +/- s, lowest SaO2 (LSaO2) of first group were (56. 5 +/- 6. 0)/h, and 0.626 +/- 0.060 respectively, and 6 months after surgery, AHI was (23.7 +/- 2.7)/h, LSaO2 was 0.797 +/- 0.053. The pre-operation AHI, LSaO2 of second group were (58.4 +/- 5.1)/h, and 0.650 +/- 0.057 respectively, and 6 months after surgery, AHI was (15.5 +/- 3.2)/h, LSaO2 was 0.864 +/- 0.064. After surgery AHI and LSaO2 have changed in both groups (P<0.001). Six months after operation, DBAP and DBPP became withy, length of soft palate became short (P<0. 001). In one group the validity ratio is 72.7% (16/22), the other group the validity ratio is 87.5% (21/24) (P< 0.05), and pharyngeal posterior airway width (PPAW) became withy (P <0.001).

CONCLUSIONSFor OSAHS patients, the obstructive regions should be evaluated. The combined surgery of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with uvula preservation and radiofrequency tongue base reduction could have a better result.

Adult ; Catheter Ablation ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Palate, Soft ; surgery ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery ; Tongue ; surgery ; Uvula ; surgery

Objective To evaluate the running status of the water-improving projects in Gansu Province in order to further improve the supervising mechanism and raise the efficiency of defluoridation in drinking water.Methods The water-improving projects,either being normal,or intermittent,or discarded and the cause of abnormal running in 33 counties in Gansu Province were surveyed with unified standard method.Fluoride content in water was determined by F-ion selective electrode.Results 993 water improving projects covering 3389 fluorosis villages were surveyed,682 projects worked well[68.68%(682/993)]and had supplied water with normal fluoride contents to 2174 villages[64.15%(2174/3389)]and benefited 116.56 hundred thousand populations.And the rest 311[31.32%(311/993)]projects worked abnormally or supplied unqualified fluoride water.The main causes were the exceeded lasting life,insufficiency of water resources,high fluoride content in water and unqualified administration.Conclusions Most of the water-improving projects in Gansu Province are basically running normally,but about 1/3 of the projects do not function well,so the management of the projects must be improved and consummated.