Purpose To analyze the sources of errors and discuss the techniques to eliminate pitfalls in detecting deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the proximal lower extremities with color duplex ultrasonography (CDUS). Methods Sixty-eight cases with initial and repeat venous CDUS of the proximal lower extremities were retrospectively reviewed. The repeat was done within 24 hours after initial CDUS scanning. Comparing repeated images to initial ones, the pitfalls and sources of error in CDUS of the proximal lower extremities were discussed. Results In total 68 repeat studies, there were 62 results as same as initials and 4 cases of false negative DVT and 2 cases of false positive DVT. Conclusion Venous CDUS in detecting DVT is observer dependent. Some pitfalls and errors can be eliminated and corrected with proper scan techniques. CDUS is the most valuable imaging modality for assessing suspected DVT in the proximal lower extremities.

Objective To observe the effect of power-assisted functional electrical stimulation (PAFES)therapy on ankle joint function recovery in stroke patients.Methods Ninety hemiplegic stroke patients were randomly and evenly divided into a control group,a PAFES group,and a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)group.All groups received conventional rehabilitation training.PAFES group adopted PAFES treatment on affected lower extremities and NMES group was given the NMES therapy on the tibialis anterior of the affected lower limbs,in addition to conventional rehabilitation training.The active range of motion (AROM) of ankle dorsiflexion,FuglMeyer motor assessment (FMA),Barthel index (BI) and Ankle flexion and extension movement (AFEM) in 10 seconds were evaluated before the trial and after 4 weeks treatment.Results After treatment,there were significant differences in the AROM of ankle dorsiflexion,FMA,BI and AFEM (P ＜ 0.05) compared with before treatment within each group.The improvement of AROM of ankle dorsiflexion in PAFES group (8.19 ± 3.39) ° and the values in NMES group (8.96 ± 3.68) ° were to a significantly greater extend than control group (3.88 ± 4.10) ° (P ＜0.05) ; the improvement of FMA and BI in PAFES group was also superior to those in NMES group and control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The intelligent PAFES therapy could help improve AROM of ankle dorsiflexion,the motor function of the affected lower extremity and the ability of the activities of daily living in stroke patients.

Objectives To detect the loss of heterozygosity(LOH)frequencies of microsatellite loci D9S171and D9S1604in p16gene of psoriatic keratinocytes,and to study the correlation between mi-crosatellite LOH of p16gene and the development of psoriasis.Methods By the use of polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-silver staining,LOH was detected with23sam-ples of keratinocytes from psoriatic lesions and non-lesion skin.Results LOH was identified at loci D9S171and D9S1604in5and10out of23keratinocyte samples from LOH-exhibited psoriatic lesions,and in2and3of keratinocyte samples from psoriatic non-lesion skin,respectively.The frequency of LOH at D9S1604was significantly higher in psoriatic lesion samples than that in psoriatic non-lesion skin(P

Objective To measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF?), insulin like growth factor (IGF), and transforming growth factor ? (TGF?) in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (TPVR), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods The levels of TNF?, TGF?, and IGF in vitreous samples taken from 56 patients and 13 normal subjects were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results The levels of TNF? and IGF in vitreous samples from patients with PVR, TPVR, and PDR increased significantly, as compared with those of the normal controls ( P 0.05). Conclusion TNF? and IGF participate in the pathogenesis of PVR, TPVR, and PDR.

Objective To investigate the relationship of homocysteine and blood glucose wavy coefficient with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Methods Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c),fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting C-peptide,homocysteine(Hcy),blood-fat and 24h urinary albumin quantitative (UAlb) of 154 patients with type 2 diabetes were determined,and the blood glucose wavy coefficient were calculated after blood glucose monitored by a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS).The patients were divided into two groups according to the quantity of UAlb:high UAlb group (n =81 ) and normal UAlb group( n =73 ).Then the difference were compared between two groups and multiple regression analysis was done between UAlb and a variety factors.Results The course of disease in high UAlb group were significantly longer than that in normal UAlb group ( (9.68 ± 7.31 ) years vs ( 5.44 ± 3.65 ) years,t =3.427,P ＜ 0.05 ).There were significant difference on HbA1c [ ( 9.61 ± 2.44 ) ％ vs ( 8.69 ± 2.35 ) ％,t =2.162 ],blood glucose wavy coefficient [ ( 3.06 ± 0.85 ) vs (2.58 ± 0.91 ),t =2.437],low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) [ (3.46 ± 0.83 )mmol/L vs ( 3.01 ± 0.84 ) mmol/L,t =2.596 ],UAlb [ ( 129.64 ± 118.5 ) mg/24 h vs ( 18.14 ± 3.54 )mg/24 h,t =6.421 ),UA ( ( 335.02 ± 90.39 ) mmol/L vs ( 287.00 ± 92.03 ) mmol/L,t =2.541 ) and Hcy [ ( 15.55 ± 4.53 ) mmol/L vs ( 13.12 ± 4.44 ) mmol/L,t =2.603 ] between the two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0.01 ).Pearson analysis showed that the courses of disease,LDL-C,UA,Hcy and blood glucose wavy coefficient were positively correlated with UAlb ( r =0.363,0.270,0.220,0.252,0.236 respectively ; P =0.000,0.008,0.033,0.014,0.022,respectively).And the multiple regression analysis indicated that UAlb was related with courses of disease(β =0.344,P =0.000),Hcy(β =0.244,P =0.011 ) and blood glucose wavy coefficient(β =0.229,P =0.012).Conclusion The elevation of serum Hcy and blood glucose wavy coefficient are risk factors to type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Lowering Hcy concentration and reducing the glucose variability may be a new way to prevent the occurrence of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To analysis the influence factors of standardization in the hierarchical chain management of type 2 diabetes and to enhance the hierarchical chain management of type 2 diabetes.Methods ( 1 ) Six hundred and ninty patients with type 2 diabetes completed 1 years management were divided into well-controlled glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbAlc ) group (＜7.0％ ) and bad-controlled glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) group ( ≥ 7.0％ ).The conditions of diet,physical activity,medication,self-blood sugar monitoring and participation in health seminars were investigated and analyzed.(2) The patients were divided into standardized management group and not standardized management group.Their age,sex,educational background,occupation,monthly income per person,medical security,the course,cognition for glycuresis,two-way transfer,and chronic complications were investigated and statistically analyzed.Results ( 1 ) The proportions of physical activity (70.1％ vs 54.2％,x2=6.163,P=0.018),self-blood sugar monitoring(60.4％ vs 43.8％,x2=6.268,P=0.016) and participation in health seminars (56.0％ vs 41.7％,x2=4.577,P=0.045) in the well-controlled HbAlc group were significantly higher than those in the bad-controlled HbAlc group.(2) Their age [(61.08 ±10.04) years old vs ( 57.75 ± 9.89 ) years old,t=2.539,P=0.012],educational background ( ratio of low educational attainment:8.3 ％ vs 17.2％,x2=6.426,P=0.041 ),medical security (own expense ratios:4.6％ vs 11.5％,x2=3.543,P=0.048 ),awareness of diabetes ( ratio of poor awareness of diabetes:19.4％ vs 41.0％,x2=17.518,P=0.000 ),two-way transfer ( ratio of not transfer treatment:4.6％ vs 14.8％,x2=7.662,P=0.022) and chronic complications ( ratio of chronic complication:41.7 ％ vs 26.2％,x2=6.130,P=0.017) were significantly different between the standardized management group and not standardized management group.(3) Logistic regression analyses indicated that the age ( OR=0.954,P=0.006),monthly income per person ( OR=4.101,P=0.018 ),medical security ( OR=7.617,P=0.003 ),cognition for glycuresis ( OR=0.030,P=0.000),two-way transfer ( OR=9.079,P=0.000) and chronic complications ( OR=0.456,P=0.031 ) were the risk factors of standardized management.Conclusion We should focus on the impact factors affecting the standardized management of patients including age,monthly income per person,medical security,awareness of diabetes,ratio of not transfer treatment,positive strategies for chronic complications,improve the hierarchical chain management of type 2 diabetes,and then make the diabetic patients to early participate in standardization management of diabetes mellitus and delay the appearance of complications.

Objective To investigate the changes in cortisol (COR) secretion in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI) .Method Seventy-five patients admitted to the hospital at 2-24 h after TBI were divided into 3 groups based on the Glasgow Coma Scale score: mild TBI group (group TBI1, n = 30), moderate TBI group (group TBI2, n = 12) and severe TBI group (TBI3, n = 33). Thirteen patients with cervical spondylosis or osteoma of the skull (admitted to the hospital at the same period) were regarded as control group (group C). Venous blood samples were taken on the first day after admission to measure the serum concentrations of total COR, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). Free COR concentrations and free COR index were calculated. High blood COR was recorded. Result Compared with group C, the serum concentrations of total COR and ACTH, free COR levels and free COR index were significantly increased in TBI1, TBI2 and TBI3groups (P ＜ 0.05). The parameters mentioned above were significantly higher in TBI2 and TBI3 groups than in TBI1 group ( P ＜0.05). There was no significant difference in serum CBG concentrations among the four groups.The incidence of high blood COR was significantly higher in TBI1, TBI2 and TBI3 groups than in C group, and in TBI3 group thanin TBI1 and TBI2 groups (P ＜0.05). Conclusion COR secretion is increased in the acute phase of TBI and the level of COR secretion is related to the severity of brain damage.

Objective To explore the hierarchical chain management model of type 2 diabetes and determine its evaluation.Method Based on the hierarchical chain management of the three community health service institutions and Dahua hospital in Shanghai Xuhui district,215 cases of type 2 diabetes had been involved in the study.Results Compared with the baseline before management,lasting blood glucose (FBG),2 h postprandial glucose (2hPBG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the diabetes after 12 months' management declined [(8.50 ±2.81) mmol/L,(11.09 ±4.01) mmol/L,(8.56 ±2.41)% ,(3.31 ± 1.06) mmol/L,(139.06 ±20.68) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa),(78.20 ± 12.11) mm Hg vs.(7.41 ±2.04) mmol/L,(9.03 ±2.46) mmol/L,(7.34 ± 1.59)% ,(3.00 ± 1.06) mmol/L,(135.48 ± 17.82) mm Hg,(77.27 ±11.83) mm Hg],and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01 );control rate of FBG,2hPBG,HbA1c,LDLC,SBP,DBP had improved significantly [19.5% (42/215),20.9% (45/215),24.7%(53/215),20.0%(43/215),27.4%(59/215),30.2%(65/215) vs.50.7%(109/215),53.0% (114/215),54.0%(ll6/215),42.3%(91/215),47.0%(101/215),45.6%(98/215)](P＜0.01).Conclusion Primary and secondary-care hospital based hierarchical chain management model is valid and can be implemented for type 2 diabetes.

Objective To explore the hierarchical chain management model in blood glucose control and its influence factors in patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods Health management database of diabetic patients was established in 2007 and managed by hierarchical chain management.The number of the patients reached to 1010 till 2011.The blood glucose control of diabetic patients was analyzed and its influence factors were analyzed by multivariate unconditional Logistic regression method.Results The concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin( HbA1c ) of 1010 patients with type 2 diabetes was (8.21 ±:2.70)％.Four hundred and eighty-seven cases (48.22％) reached the blood glucose standard,303 cases (30.00％)reached the blood pressure standard,245 cases (24.26％) reached the blood lipids standard,and 76 cases (7.52％) reached all three standards.Multivariate analysis showed that occupation (OR =2.521,95％ CI:1.871 - 3.397),education level (OR =1.890,95％ CI:1.642 - 2.174),disease course (OR =1.035,95％CI:1.016 -1.055),systolic pressure (OR =1.016,95％ CI:1.007 -1.025) and triglyceride (OR =1.204,95％CI:1.063 - 1.365) were the risk factors of blood glucose control (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Hierarchical chain management model is helpful for the blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.The comprehensive control and treatment of type 2 diabetes should be taken combined with related risk factors,such as blood pressure,blood lipids and diabetes disease course.

The chromatographic fingerprint was established by eluting with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid water on an Agilent TC-C18 (2) column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). Six chromatographic peaks were identified by HPLC-MS/MS method. Ten batches of Glycyrrhizea Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle were determined, and the similarity was arranged from 0.72 to 0.99. Good precision, stability and repeatability were obtained, and this study provides a reference for the quality control of Glycyrrhizea Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry