ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of controlled subcutaneous analgesia(PCSA) with sufentanil in patients underwent abdominal surgery and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Methods90 patients underwent abdominal surgery were randomly divided intothree groups with 30 cases each. Group Ⅰ :sufentanil 0. 04μg · kg-1 ·h-1 for postoperative analgesia; Group Ⅱ : sufentanil 0. 06μg · kg-1 · h-1 for postoperative analgesia; Group Ⅲ :sufentanil 0.08μg/kg · h for postoperative analgesia;PCSA started at the end of operation with catheter buried in deltoid muscle. Visual analgesia scale(VAS) ,Rasmay scale and side effects were recorded at 4,8,16,24 and 48h after operation. ResultsVAS scores decreased significantly in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ compared with that in group Ⅰ ( all P ＜ 0.05) ;There were no differences of Ramsay scores between groups ( all P ＞ 0. 05) ;There were three cases of respiratory depression in group Ⅲ. ConclusionPCSA with sufentanil (0.06μg/kg) had exact analgesic effects for postoperative abdominal surgery patients with less adverse reactions.

Antibodies ; immunology ; Antibody Formation ; Complement C4b ; immunology ; pharmacology ; Diagnosis ; Graft Rejection ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; immunology ; Peptide Fragments ; immunology ; pharmacology ; Transplantation, Homologous ; immunology

Objective: To reconstruct three dimension (3D) model of a rtificial tooth and to establish standardized 3D artificial teeth graphic datab ase. Methods: Artificial teeth were incised with CGI autom atic cross section scanning instrument, then data points were picked up from e ach parallel layer contour of incised tooth, and 3D stereo models of artificia l tooth were retrieved using 3D reconstruction techniques. Results: 3D graphic models of 28 artificial teeth were established.The models may represent the graphic feature of the teeth. Conclusion: The present technic is feasible in the establishment of 3D graphic models of artificial tooth.

Objective To present the preliminary clinical results of anterior thoracoscopic correction for thoracic idiopathic scoliosis and consider its ind ications. Methods Between June 2002 and May 2003, 8 female patients with a diagn osis of right thoracic idiopathic scoliosis were selected to undergo thoracoscop ic instrumentation, correction and fusion using Eclipse system. The average age at surgery was 14.8 years (ranged from 13 to 16 years). The average preoperative Cobb angle was 54? (ranged fom 40? to 72?). 5 had idiopathic thoracic curves of King type Ⅲ, 2 of King type Ⅱ, and 1 of King type Ⅴ. The Risser sign rang ed from (+++) to (++++). The bending films of the thoracic curves showed a flexi bility of 60%-75%. The thoracic sagittal profiles remained normal without obviou s kyphosis or lordosis. In all cases the rotation of the top vertebra of scolios is was of degree Ⅰ. The operative time, blood loss, postoperative drainage, the number of instrumented levels, curve correction and loss of correction were ana lyzed. Results The instrumented levels were from T5 to T12. The average number o f instrumented levels for each patient was 7.4. The operative time averaged 6 ho urs. The blood loss during surgery averaged 629 ml (ranged from 400 to 800 ml), with no blood transfusions being required, except in one case. The average posto perative drainage was 500 ml. The postoperative Cobb angle was 15? on average w ith curve correction of 74%. With an average follow-up period of 6.5 months (ran ged from 3 to 12 months), the loss of correction averaged 8.3%. No hardware comp lications occurred. Conclusion Compared to the open anterior and posterior surge ry, the thoracoscopic Eclipse instrumentation is a safe and an effective way to correct thoracic idiopathic scoliosis with similar short-term postoperative resu lts. However, challenging issues remain. These included long operative time, hig h technical requirement, relatively limited indication and large radiation expos ure. Again, further research is needed to study its long-term impact.

0.05). Conclusion Thoracoscopic anterior spinal release have comparable clinical results as conventional thoracotomic release for AIS patients.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economic burden of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and its complications,and to e-valuate the benefits of treatment with interferon-?.METHODS:The components of the economic burden of disease included direct medical costs and non-medical costs as well as indirect economic loss per patient-year in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infections,including chronic hepatitis B,compensated and decompensated cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Net cost savings due to treatment of CHB with interferon-?were estimated using clinical data from2therapeutic schemes used in hospital.RESULTS:For the patients at different stages of hepatopathy,the direct medical cost and economic burden per year were different:9000yuan,11362yuan(CHB);13865yuan,19412yuan(compensated cirehosis);25678yuan,36979yuan(decompensated cirrhosis);26501yuan,40264yuan(liver cancer),Compared with conrentional therapy against CHB,the direct medical cost and total cost were reduced following4months treatment of interferon-?after5-year follow-up.The reduced amounts were831yuan,2038yuan per person,respectively.The surrival rate rised by2.8%.CONCLUSION:CHB infections create a heavy economic burden on the society,as well as patients and their families.We have seen the potential cost-savings due to treatment with interferon-?.

0.05). Conclusion There exist radiological changes in paravertebral muscles in AIS, which may be secondary to AIS and have potential clinical importance on the evaluation of curve progression.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of 3-D computer aided design(CAD)for the framework of a mandibular Kennedy Class Ⅱ,Modification 2 arch.Methods:In terms of the principle of clinical design,the 3-D framework was built with the technique of mixed model of points cloud,curves and surfaces on the reconstructed model of a partially edentulous cast,including the tissue surfaces and polishing surfaces of every component,such as clasp,rest,lingual bar and mesh construction,etc.Results:Preliminarily,a CAD method for 3-D RPD framework design was established and a individualized RPD framework 3D geometric model was set up.Conclusion:CAD for RPD framework design based on the mixed model of points cloud,curves and surfaces is feasible.

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is ubiquitous and plays a role in every tissue of the body. There are now numerous examples of diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes, cancer and malnutrition in which the IGF system is a major player.