DPP-4 inhibitors are new oral hypoglycemic drugs and hot spots developed and launched in recent years, and they pro-vide new choices for the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes. In China, DPP-4 inhibitors that are approved to use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes are all imported products currently. In the paper, the current intellectual property situation of DPP-4 inhibitors that are developed and approved at home and abroad is researched and analyzed. Reasonable use of the patent information of DPP-4 inhibitors that is about to expire or have failed can provide good guidance for the subsequent development of DPP-4 inhibitors in domestic with promising curative effect and good market prospects, and can generate new patents in order to enhance the market competitiveness.

Objective To discuss the role of leukocyte activation and inflammatory processes in the disease of chronic venous insufficiency(CVI).Methods The relevant literatures about the role of leukocyte activation and in- flammatory reaction in CVI were reviewed.Results The role of inflammatory reaction in occurrence and develop- ment of venous diseases has been studied a lot in recent years.It was found that the leukocyte activation and inflam- matory reaction are involved in the structural remodeling of venous valves and walls,leading to valvular incompe- tence and formation of varicose veins.Conclusion Leukocyte activation and inflammatory processes take important roles in the occurrence and progression of CVI.

CD38 is a multifunctional enzyme expressed in a variety of mammalian tissues, its catalytic activity was involved in a wide range of physiological processes. Based on the reported inhibitor of human CD38 NADase, 33 purine derivatives were designed and synthesized. The biological activity assay showed that compounds 20 and 38 exhibited almost the same extent of inhibitory activities on human CD38 NADase as the lead compound H2. The results also revealed that small substituents at C-6 of purine ring gave no obvious effect on inhibitory activity, but phenylpropionyl moiety at N-2 could affect the binding mode of the compound with CD38. This study provides a reliable basis for future rational design of inhibitors for CD38.
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Humans ; Purines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry

A bacterial strain DN25, effective on cyanide-degradation, was isolated from contaminated soil and identified as Alcaligenes sp. on the basis of phenotype analysis and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It showed great tolerance to the cyanide, which can grow in the medium containing 500mg CN -/L. The suitable condition for the cell growth and boitransformation was pH8.0 and 30oC and the transformation rate for 500mg CN - /L could achieve 99% in 10 h. It has also been found that the screened strain had the ability of K 4Fe(CN) 6 transformation with 96% of transformation rate at 12 h for the concentration of 500 mg CN /L.

Objective To investigate the effect of collagen line in the tension－free suture of the incision of oral implant and the effect on the healing time of the wound. Methods 100 patients were selected from January 2016 to January 2017 for repair of dental implant in Zhong Hua Dental clinic of Jinghong city, and they were randomly divided into control group and study group,with 50 cases in each group. The control group was treated with non absorbable sutures of silk suture wounds, while the study group using collagen suture wounds, then we compared two groups of patients with wound healing grade, suture line absorption, wound healing time and formation rate. Results The research group of grade A healing rate was 96%, significantly higher than 80% in the control group (P＜0.05), and the adverse reactions of the study group was 6%, lower than 20% in the control group (P＜0.05);the complete absorption rate and smooth incision rates in the study group for suture in different times were 84%, 96% 100%, and 86%, which were significantly higher than the control group's 62%, 78%, 80% and 68% (P＜ 0.05) . The wound's healing time and postoperative VAS score of 3 d, 5 d and 7 d were significantly lower than the control group (P＜0.05) . Conclusion Collagen line in oral implant surgery incision tension－free suture of wound healing and postoperative recovery is significantly better than that of silk and non absorbable sutures, and collagen can be degradated orally,which effectively improves the wound healing of patients with grades and wound flat rate, and effectively accelerates wound healing, with the value of application.

Objective To establish serological detection methods of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8).Methnds Three potent antigenic fusion proteins.K8.1,ORF65 and ORF73 C of HHV- 8 were synthesized using E.coli system.The sera were detected using lhese antigenic proteins.The positive sera were from 12 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and 32 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma.The negative sera were from 20 patients with cutaneous tumors and children under 15 years old.Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EI.ISA)were employed to determine the immunogenicity of each recombinant protein and the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA using the complex antigens.Results Three types highly purified HHV 8 specific recombinant pro teins with potent antigenicity were successfully synthesized.The sensitivity of ELISA using the above complex antigens was significantly higher than traditional immuno-flurescent assay (IFA)detecting the positive and negative sera,whieh were 81.8%,34.4%,respectively.And the specificity of ELISA was 97.9%.Conclusion K8.1,ORF65 and ORE73 C are good candidate antigens for establishing HHV-8 serological detection methods,which have better sensitivity and specificity.

Objective To study the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognostic factors in metastatic pancreatic tumor.Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with metastatic pancreatic tumors were retrospectively analyzed.The survival of the patients were evaluated with the KaplanMeier method.Univariate analysis was done by log-rank test.Results The primary foei of these32 patients included:9 lung cancer,6 renal cell carcinoma,5 gastric cancer,12 others.The median survival was 15.5 months in the radical surgery group (n 8),18 months in the cryosurgery group(n=3),8 months in the group with palliative bypass operation (n=9),6 months in the group with local radiotherapy (n=3),and 5 months in the group without treatment (n=9).Univariable analysis revealed the type of primary tumor,treatment of the primary tumor,interval between diagnosis of primary tumor and pancreatic metastases,localized pancreatic metastasis,and treatment of the metastatic pancreatic tumor were associated with prognosis.Conclusions Metastatic pancreatic tumors are rare.Long term survival can be achieved with pancreatic resection in a highly selected subset of patients according to the type of primary tumor.Therapeutic cryosurgery as a new minimally invasive,targeted and immunologic method needs to be further evaluated.

Objective To study the clinicopathological characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of patients with mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) of the pancreas.Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with mucinous cystic neoplasms of pancreas were retrospectively analyzed.Chi-square test and independent sample t-test were used for statistical analysis.Results The mean age of the patients was 53.1 yeas (ranged from 29 to 78 y).There were 32 female (76.2％).The patients were divided into two groups according to symptoms (the symptomatic group and the asymptomatic group).There were significant differences in tumor size,tumor location,operation type,operation time and adhesions with the surrounding tissues between the 2 groups of patients.The patients were then divided into three groups according to pathological type.There were significant differences in age,tumor marker,tumor location,operation type,operation time,adhesions with the surrounding tissues,operative blood loss,and postoperative hospital stay among the 3 groups of patients.There was no tumour recurrence in the patients with cystadenoma.Patients with cystadenocarcinoma developed tumor recurrence at a mean of 16.4 months (range,0-50) and died of tumor recurrence even after radical surgery at a mean of 22.9 months (range,3-58).Conclusion MCNs were seen most commonly in middleaged women.The presence of symptoms was a sign of malignancy.Resection of the tumor in the early stage is the key in dealing with MCNs.

To study the name of Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum and Film Turmeric by literature research methods provide the basis for correct application of Cuba in modern clinical application. Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum and Film Turmeric often called each other mutual generation and used as the same kind of medicine in the ancient prescriptions books. They were often recorded and stated as the same species of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma. Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma also often called each other mutual generation in the ancient prescriptions books and used as the same kind of medicine. Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum was often recorded and stated under the Curcumae Longae Rhizoma articles in the ancient materia medica literatures. Ancient literatures on Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum records were almost the same, the modern literatures on the records of the sources of Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum were inconsistency. Inconsistency of Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum source records in modern literatures was related to the changes of the modern records on source records about Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, Root-tuber of Aromatic Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and Zedoray. The author thinks that Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum is the ancient Film Turmeric which referes to the same medicine as Curcumae Longae Rhizoma. The source of it just as the Curcumae Longae Rhizoma is not only one kind. Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma have been recorded as two medicines at the present, and the source of them simply referes to the original plant Curcuma wenyujin. When using ancient prescriptions, we need to understand the changes that Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum are the same in ancient but different today in order to choose medicine correctly in the clinical.
Curcuma ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rhizome ; Terminology as Topic

AIMTo elevate the encapsulation efficiency, decrease the burst release and improve the release of protein entrapped in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. The bovine serum albumin (BSA) composite microspheres of alginate-chitosan-PLGA were prepared and the release characteristics of BSA from this composite microspheres were studied.

METHODSThe much smaller calcium alginate microcapsules were first prepared by a modified emulsification method in an isopropyl alcohol-washed way and coated with chitosan, then the alginate-chitosan microcapsules were further entrapped in PLGA to form the composite microspheres. The protein concentration was determined using a BCA protein assay kit. The release profiles were changed with various formulation factors.

RESULTSThe average diameter of the composite microcapsules was about 30 microm. Comparing with 60% to 70% of the conventional PLGA microspheres, the average encapsulation efficiency was more than 80%, and the burst releases in phosphate buffer solution of the composite microspheres decreased from 40% and 50% to 25% and further to 5% in saline solution.

CONCLUSIONThe novel composite microspheres were prepared, the drug encapsulation efficiency increased and the burst release decreased. The desired release profiles could be obtained by regulating the ratios of PLG and PLA in the composite microspheres.

Alginates ; chemistry ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Microspheres ; Particle Size ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; chemistry