Enzymatic hydrolysis of nitrile was performed under mild conditions and afford high efficiency and selectivity,thus being highly potential for the synthesis of optically active carboxylic acids and their derivatives.The type of nitrile-hydrolyzing enzymes and hydrolysis reactions,reaction characteristics,factors influencing the hydrolysis and the prospect for its application to industrial production were reviewed in this paper.

Objective To observe the effect of gheocorticoid by oral medication or intrathoracic iniection on the expression of IL-6,IL-8 and sIL-2R in gerum and pleural fluid in patients of tuberculous pleurisy.Methods Twenty tuberculous pleurisy patients were treated with ghcocortieoid by oral medication (oral group)and 20 cases by intrathoracic injection(injection group).ELISA wag employed to detect the levels of IL-6,IL-8 and sIL-2R in serum and pleural fluid before treatment and 3,6 and 9 days after treatment.Results The levels of serum IL-6 and IL-8 decreased and sIL-2R increased obviously in injection group at 3,6 and 9 days after treatment(P＜0.01).Meanwhile the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in pleural fluid decreased and sIL-2R increased obviously(P＜0.01).The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly lower and the levels of aIL-2R were significantly higher in injection group than those in oral group(P＜0.01).One month after treatment,the rate of complete absorpion of pleural fluid was higher in injection group(80%)than thatin oral group(45%),the rate of pachynsis pleurae was lower in injection group(10%)than that in oral group(40%),P＜0.05.Conclusions Intrathoracic injection of ghcocorticoid shows stronger suppression of cellular immune function in cavum pleurae and weaker suppression of the general immune sysmm than oral medication.Intrathoracic injection of glucocorticoid can increase the therapeutic effect and decrease side effect in tuberculous pleurisy.

A UPLC method has been developed in the current investigation for simultaneous determination of nine chemical markers of Bletilla striata, 4-hydroxymethylphenyl beta-D-glucoside, blestroside, dactylorhin A, militarine, dihydrophenanthrene 5, gymnoside V, dihydrophenanthrene 1, benzylphenanthrene 3 and gymnosides IX. Separation was performed at 45 degrees C on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 1.7 microm) with a gradient solvent system of acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was 280 nm. The results showed that the nine chemical markers could be well resolved and that in the selected linear range, all calibration curves of the nine chemical markers showed good linearity (r > or = 0.999 3). The recoveries (n = 6) were in the range of 98.15% - 102.2% and RSDs were between 2.1% - 3.6%. The data suggested that the developed UPLC-UV method had good reproducibility, robustness, and accuracy, which was suitable for the quality control of Bletilla striata. Applications of the method showed that the nine chemical markers had higher contents in the wild B. striata than in the cultivated ones.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the technical conditions of the extraction and purification of the active composition from Polygonum orientale and Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. in Hongye Xingtong soft capsules with the macroporous resin.

METHODThe orientm, isorientm and hyperoside were used as index to screen the five kinds of resins. And the technical conditions of the enrichment and purification of D101 resin selected out of above were all-round studied.

RESULTThe D101 was fit for adsorbing orientm, isorientm and hyperoside. Under the optimal conditions, the transfer rate of orientm, isorientm and hyperoside was above 91%, and the total solid was cut down by more than 60%.

CONCLUSIONThe D101 is greatly effective for the enrichment and purification of the active composition of P. orientale and C. pinnatifida Bge.

Crataegus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Resins, Synthetic ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical efficacy of the arthroscopic Mender II stapler for the treatment of patients with meniscus anterior horn injury needing meniscal suture repair.

METHODSAmong 47 patients with meniscus anterior horn injury, 29 patients were male and 18 patients were female, ranging in age from 12 to 31 years old, with a mean age of (20.53± 4.12) years old. The duration of disease ranged from 3 to 35 days, and the average duration was (12.43±5.74) days. The Mender II stapler was used to carry out arthroscopic suture from outside to inside. The Lysholm knee scoring system was used to evaluate and analyze preoperative and postoperative symptoms, such as pain, limping embolism and so on.

RESULTSForty-six patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 48 months, with a mean of (20.53±4.12) years. The incision healed at the first stage without important vessels and nerves injuries. The symptoms of the locked knee joint disappeared, and symptoms such as pain, limp, swelling and limitation of activity improved. The Lysholm score increased from preoperative 52.33±7.31 to postoperative 86.74±6.92.

CONCLUSIONUsing Mender II stapler to treat patients with meniscus anterior horn injury who were treated with arthroscopic suture from outside to inside is effective to improve symptoms, and to obtain good short-term results.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; surgery ; Suture Techniques ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries

BACKGROUND:Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that Buyang Huanwu Decoction could expand blood vessels,improve microcirculation,decrease oxidative stress,Inflammation and platelet activation,so protect and improve the function of endothelial cells.But its certain mechanism is still unclear,especially for its impact on the restenosis of the coronary artery after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA).OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects of Jiawei Buyang Huanwu Decoction on vascular stenosis and oxidative stress after balloon injury of rabbit iliac artery.METHODS:New Zealand rabbits,were randomized and divided into three groups,control group,model group and drug group respectively.Rabbits of control group were fed with common forage,but model group and drug group fed with high fat diet.Two weeks later,the iliac arteries were injured by balloon for model group and drug group.Meanwhile drug group were fed with Jiawei Buyang Huanwu Decoction after the operation,2 mL/kg per day.Control group underwent sham operation control.At the end of4 weeks,serum samples were stored to assay the levels of cholesterol,activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and levels of malondialdehyde(MDA).Injured iliac artery was fixed by neural formalin to observe the endothelial hyperplasia by light microscope,and the results were analyzed by picture analysis system.Differences of measurement were compared with one-way analysis of variance as well as repetitive measurements analysis of variance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Iliac artery intima was thin,with Intact structure,without arteriosclerosis In the control group.The vascular lumina were narrower,intima was thicker and there were more enormous arteriosclerosis plaques in model group rabbits.The plaque thickness was reduced and stenosis was mild in drug group.TotaI cholesterol,triglyceridemia,low-density lipoprotein of cholesterol(LDL-C)and MDA levels were significantly lower in the drug group compared with the model group.whereas high-density lipoprotein of cholesterol(HDL-C)and serum SOD levels were significantly greater than the model group(P<0.05).The results showed that Jiawei Buyang Huanwu Decoction has significant preventive effect on intimal hyperplasia and the development of artherosclerosis in rabbits with iliac artery injury,and the mechanism of which may be related to modifying lipid metabolism and cleaning oxygen free radical anti-oxidative stress.

Using in vitro everted gut to investigate the intestinal absorption of the extracts from Polygonum orientale at different concentration. UPLC-MS/MS was used to detect the content of protocatechuic acid, isoorientin, orientin, vitexin, cynaroside, quercitrin, kaempferol-rhamnoside in different intestinal segments, then compared the results with the absorption of chemical components of extractive P. orientale in each intestinal segments, and calculated the absorption parameter. We took the statistic analysis with SPSS statistic software. The influence significance of each factors were analyzed to describe the character of absorption. The absorption of each component is linearity in different intestinal segments and different dose, and the square of coeficient correlation exceed 0.95, which consistent with zero order rate process. The K(a) increase along with the raised dosage of the extractive P. orientale (R2 > 0.95), indicated it is the passive absorption; different intestinal segments have different absorption. And the absorption trend in intestinal is duodenum, jejunum, ileum are greater than the colon. As ingredients are selectively absorbed in intestinal sac, the everted intestinal sac method is selected to assess the intestinal absorption charcteristics of ingredients of extractive P. orientale.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adult ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Health

Administration, Inhalation ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Pesticides ; analysis ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To compare T and N staging of esophageal and cardia cancer by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and computed tomography (CT) before operation, and to evaluate clinical value of EUS.Methods Twenty-eight patients received examination of EUS and CT preoperatively, and the T and N staging was determined. The accuracy rates of both T, N staging were compared by the postoperative pathological results, at the same time, the accuracy rates of lymph node metastasis were compared, and the value of application of EUS was investigated. Results In the twenty-eight cases, the accuracy rates of EUS were higher than that of CT by 89.3% ( 25/28 ) to 46.4% ( 13/28 ) in T staging. And the difference had statistical significance( P = 0. 004 ,P ＜ 0.01 ). The N stagings of both were 82.1% (23/28) and 50.0% ( 14/28), and the difference had statistical significance ( P = 0. 035, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The accuracy rates of lymph node metastasis of both were 88.7% and 72.2% respectively, and the difference had statistical significance (χ2 = 7.031,P = 0.008, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions EUS has very important value in preoperative staging for esophageal cancer and cardia cancer, and the T staging of EUS is better than that of CT. The short axis and the ratio of short to long axis (S/L) combined with the lymph node ultrasonography image can improve the accuracy rates of lymph node metatsasis and N staging.