Objective To investigate nursing students and nurses' knowledge, attitude and behaviors of standardized treatment of medical waste, so as to develop more constructive advices in future. Methods The survey was conducted in 80 nursing students and 85 nurses in one of the Beijing' s third level 1 class hospitals.The data was analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software. Results Nursing students' scores of knowledge, attitude and behavior were significantly lower than nurses' ( t =- 6.986, - 5.336, - 3.862 ; P ＜ 0. 05 ) ; Nursing students with higher education levels showed significantly higher scores of knowledge ( F =9. 992, P ＜ 0. 05 ), but there' s no significant difference with scores of attitude or behavior( F =1. 279,1. 595 ; P ＞ 0. 05 ) ; Nurses with different education levels, length of service and professional titles showed no significant difference with scores of knowledge, attitude and behavior(P ＞ 0. 05). Scores of nursing students and nurses in behavior were low, and needs to be raised. Conclusions Adequate knowledge is foundation and good attitude is propulsion, they two will be helpful to increase the quality of treatment of medical waste with systematic management and training of the hospital.

Objective To investigate the percentages of Th17 and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T(Tr) cells and the levels of related cytokines IL-6,IL-23,IL-17 and TGF-β in serum of patients with anlylosing spondylitis(AS).Methods Forty patients with AS and 37 age-matched healthy donors were studied.Flow cytometry Was used to analyze the percentages of blood Th17 and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Tr cells.The levels of serum IL-6,IL-23,IL-17 and TGF-β were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA).Results The proportion of Th17 cells in AS group was significantly higher than those in normal group [ (1.02±0.34)％ vs (0.68±0.29)％,P＜0.05) ],and the proportion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells was lower in AS group comparing with normal group [(3.77±0.81)％ vs (4.69±1.23)％,P＜0.05)].Meanwhile,serum levels of IL-6,IL-23 and IL-17 were significantly higher in AS group than those in normal group [ (6,15±2.71) ng/L vs (3.31±1.65) ng/L; (9.44±3.12) ng/ml vs (5.82±2.61) ng/ml;(10.53±4.97) ng/L vs (6.78±3.26) ng/L,all P＜0.01 ].In contrast,TGF-β level was decreased in AS group compares with the normal group [ ( 4.76±2.15) ng/ml vs (5.16±2.02) ng/ml,P＞0.05 ],but the difference was not significant.No associations of serum eytokine levels with clinical and laboratory parameters were found in AS.Conclusion The abnormality Th17 cells and Tr cells and their related cytokines IL-6,IL-23,IL-17 and TGF-β changes in patients with AS,which may be involved in immunological pathogenesis of AS.

Objective To investigate the effects of heart displacement on hemodynamics during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OP-CABG) while the sites for anastomosis were being exposed. Methods Forty-seven patients of both sexes (36 male, 11 female) aged 50-82 years undergoing OP-CABG were enrolled in the study. Preoperative cardiac function was assessed : class Ⅱ in 22 patients; Ⅲ in 23 and Ⅳ in 2 according to NYHA classification.The mean ejection fraction was 0.55?0.14 before surgery.They received on average 3.2 grafts. Premedication consisted of intramuscular morphine 10 mg, midazolam 3-5 mg and scopolamine 0.3 mg.Before induction of anesthesia ECG and SpO2 were monitored and radial artery was cannulated for continuous direct BP monitoring. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 nig?kg-1 , fentanyl 4?g?kg-1 and pancuronium 0.1 mg?g-1 iv.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation and PETCO2 was maintained at about 40 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and 50%-60% N2O in O2 and intermittent intravenous boluses of fentanyl and pancuronium. Swan-Ganz catheter which can continuously monitor mixed venous blood O2 saturation (SvO2) was placed in pulmonary artery via right internal jugular vein. SvO2, cardiac output (CO), BP, pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and HR were continuously monitored. Right atrial pressure (RAP) and PAWP were measured intermittently. Cardiac index (CI),stroke index (SI),systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI),PVRI, left and right ventricular work index (LVWI,RVWI) and left and right ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI,RVSWI) were calculated. The hemodynamic parameters were recorded after induction of anesthesia before surgery (T1,baseline),before heart displacement (T2), while anastomosis to anterior descending branch was being made (T3), while anastonosis to right coronary artery or posterior descending branch (T4) and to left circumflex artery or diagonal branch (T5) was being made, after normal heart position was resumed (T6) and at the end of operation (T7). Results While anastomosis to the anterior descending branch was being made (T3) SI and LVSWI significantly decreased as compared with the baseline (P

Objective To investigate the status of social support, anxiety and depression of the Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS) and its related influencing factors, to provide basis for the treatment and nursing. Methods To investigate 56 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Self-evaluating Measurements of HAMD and HAM A, to statistically analyze social support, anxiety and depression of 56 patients with SPSS 16.0 Statistical Package. Results The total score of social support of the Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients was 24 to 53. The average score was (39. 36 ±6. 15) , which was higher than the value of domestic norm (P <0. 05). The incidence rates of anxiety and depression among ALS patients were 26. 79% and 33. 93%. Conclusions The overall status of social support for the Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients is good, patients who get more social support get less anxiety and depression. More social support is need for the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients who are women, elderly, farmer, ordinary worker and get lower educational level,

Abstract: The activities of four CYP450 enzymes (CYP3A, 1A2, 2El and 2C) and the mRNA expression levels of CYP1A2, 2El, 2Cll and 3A1 in rat liver were determined after Wistar rats were orally administered with brucine (BR) at three dosage levels (3, 15 and 60 mg.kg-1 per day) and the high dose of BR combined with glycyrrhetinic acid (GA, 25 mg.kg-1 per day) or liquiritin (LQ, 20 mg.kg-1 per day) for 7 consecutive days. Compared with the control, brucine caused 24.5% and 34.6% decrease of CYP3A-associated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation (6betaTesto-OH) and CYP2C-associated tolbutamide hydroxylation (Tol-OH), respectively, and 146.1% increase of CYP2El-associated para-nitrophenol hydroxylation (PNP-OH) at the high dose level. On the other hand, (BR+GA) caused 51.4% and 33.5% decrease, respectively, of CYP2El-associated PNP-OH and CYP1A2-associated ethoxyresorufin-O-de-ethylation (EROD) as compared with the high dose of BR group. Meanwhile, (BR+LQ) caused 41.1% decrease of CYP2El-associated PNP-OH and 37.7% increase of CYP2C-associated Tol-OH. The results indicated that the co-administration of BR with GA or LQ had effect on mRNA expression and activities of the CYP450 enzymes mentioned above to some extent, and the in vivo antagonism of LQ on BR-induced CYPs adverse effects and the in vivo inhibitory action of GA on CYP2E1 and 1A2 might play an important role in the detoxification of Radix Glycyrrhizae against Strychnos nux-vomica L.
Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P450 Family 2 ; Flavanones ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid ; pharmacology ; Hydroxylation ; Liver ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Male ; Nitrophenols ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Steroid Hydroxylases ; metabolism ; Strychnine ; analogs & derivatives ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Strychnos nux-vomica ; chemistry ; Tolbutamide ; metabolism

Objective To explore the relationship between size,shape and function of the left atrium appendage (LAA) and its thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to provide evidence for clinical risk assessment,prognosis evaluation and treatment guidance.Method Length,diameter,end-diastolic volume (EDV) and ejection velocity (PEV) of LAA were measured in 41 patients with AF,and thrombus in LAA was detected by TEE.Results Thrombus in LAA was detected in seven of 41 patients of AF (17%).No significant difference in size and EDV was found between the patients with and without thrombus,but there was significant difference in PEV between them (P

BACKGROUNDDysregulated metallothionein 2A (MT2A) has been implicated in carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of MT2A in gastric cancer (GC) and its correlation with prognosis.

METHODSReverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the mRNA expression of MT2A in 12 GC cell lines, normal gastric epithelial GES-1 cells, and 36 GC and adjacent normal tissues. MT2A protein expression was determined in 258 GC tissues and 171 adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSMT2A mRNA expression was lower in GC cells and primary tumors than in GES-1 cells and adjacent normal tissues, respectively. High protein expression of MT2A was present in 130 of 171 normal tissues (76.0%) and in 56 of 258 GC tissues (21.7%; P < 0.001). MT2A protein expression was higher in well/moderately differentiated GC (22/54; 40.7%) than in poorly differentiated GC (34/204; 16.7%; P < 0.001). Moreover, the protein expression of MT2A was lower in diffuse-type GC (6/82; 7.3%) than in intestinal-type GC (50/176; 28.4%; P = 0.0001). Importantly, MT2A expression was an independent prognostic factor for GC, and decreased MT2A expression was associated with poor clinical outcome (P < 0.001). The expression status of MT2A could predict prognosis in intestinal and diffuse-type GCs.

CONCLUSIONExpression status of MT2A might be a useful prognostic biomarker for GC, especially when used in combination with Lauren's classification.

Adult ; Aged ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Metallothionein ; analysis ; genetics ; MicroRNAs ; analysis ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Stomach Neoplasms ; chemistry ; classification ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo determine the serotype and genotype of a sample with ABO blood group discrepancies.

METHODSSerotype was determined with serological method. Sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) was carried out based on the serotype. Sequences of exons 6 and 7 of ABO gene was analyzed by sequence-based testing (SBT).

RESULTSCompletely agglutinated A antigen, half agglutinated B antigen and weak agglutinated anti-B antibody were detected in both erythrocytes and serum, which suggested presence of a ABw serotype. An A/Bw12 genotype was revealed by B subgroup detection. Sequences of exons 6 and 7 were 278CT, 297GA and 467CT, 526CG, 657CT, 703GA, 796CA, 803GC, 930GA, respectively. The genotype fit with A102/B101 except for a nt278 C>T mutation. Blood group antigen gene mutation database (BGMUT) search has confirmed the mutant allele to be Bw12.

CONCLUSIONAn A102/Bw12 genotype has been found in the Chinese population.

ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Blood Group Antigens ; genetics ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; methods ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation

AIMTo establish a rapid and sensitive LC-MSn method for the identification of trigonelline and its main metabolites in rat urine.

METHODSAfter optimizing the detection conditions of LC-MSn chromatography and mass spectrometry using trigonelline, its ionization and cleavage in ESI-MS and ESI-MSn modes were summarized, then serving as the basis for the metabolite analysis of trigonelline in rat urine. The 0-48 h urine samples of rats were collected after iv 8 mg x kg(-1) trigonelline, then, the samples were purified through C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge. The purified samples were analyzed by LC-MSn.

RESULTSThe structures of trigonelline metabolites were elucidated according to the changes of the molecular weights of the metabolites (deltaM) and their cleavage pattern in ESI-ITMSn. As a result, two phase I metabolites and the parent drug were identified existing in rat urine, and two phase II metabolites were identified.

CONCLUSIONThe LC-MSn method is rapid and high sensitive and specific, it is suitable for the identification of trigonelline and its metabolites in rat urine.

Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Trigonella ; chemistry

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related factors of norovirus in Guangxi from 2015 to 2020, and to provide scientific recommendations for norovirus prevention and control. Methods The foodborne diseases surveillance data were collected from 11 sentinel hospitals through the National Foodborne Disease Monitoring and Reporting System from 2015 to 2020. R software with version 4.0.3 was used for descriptive and statistical analysis, including epidemic curve, chi-square test, and trend chi-square and so on. Logistic regression was used to analyze norovirus-related factors, OR values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated respectively with the statistical test level of P<0.05. Results There were 1 008 norovirus cases detected, with a detection rate of 12.75% (1 008/7 903). Children with age less than 5 years (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.13-1.82) and patients at age 20-45 (OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.13-1.87) were high risk population. The detection rate was higher in autumn (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.08-1.53) but lower in summer (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.55-0.80). In addition, the tourist area (Guilin City) presented a higher detection rate than other areas (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.10-1.80). Aquatic products (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.03-1.91), meat and dairy products (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.06-1.61) were high-risk foods for norovirus infection. The prevention and control policies of COVID-19 can reduce the possibility of norovirus by 61% (OR=0.39, 95%CI: 0.31-0.49) showed a declining trend (Trend χ2=85.33, P<0.001). In addition, prolonged visit time can lead to 19%-23% decrease in the detection rate of norovirus (OR24-48 hours=0.81, 95%CI: 0.70-0.95; OR>48 hours=0.77, 95%CI: 0.63-0.93). Conclusions　The epidemic of norovirus presented seasonal and regional distribution in Guangxi with a declining detection rate trend in diarrhea patients during recent 6 years. Young children were high-risk population in infection norovirus. The intake of seafood can increase the risk of norovirus infection. The prevention and control policies of COVID-19 can sharply decrease the possibility of infection norovirus. The monitoring of key foods such as seafood should be strengthened, and the early screening of suspected cases should be taken. The norovirus monitoring should be improved to ensure the health of the population.