Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; blood supply ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; blood supply ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; blood supply ; parasitology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Microcirculation ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology

Objective To study the effects of shRNA-CtBP2 on the growth of prostate cancer PC3 cells. Methods There were three experimental groups in this study,which include blank control group, empty plasmid transfected group and transfected shRNA group. CtBP2 mRNA sequence is targeted by 3 pairs of designed interfering shRNA to built shRNA-Ct-BP2 recombinant plasmid then it is transfected into PC3 cells. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot assays were used to detect the transcription and expression levels of CtBP2 mRNA and protein, respective-ly. PC3l proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Results Builting shRNA-CtBP2 recombinant plasmid and transfect-ing PC3 cells were successful. Transcription and expression levels of CtBP2 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in shRNA-CtBP2 transfected PC3 cells. After CtBP2 silencing, cell proliferation was blocked in the shRNA-CtBP2 cells compared to that of blank control group (P<0.01). Conclusion shRNA-CtBP2 could significantly inhibit CtBP2 expres-sion, suppress the growth of PC3 cells, which suggests that CtBP2 may be a new target for PCa gene therapy.

Objective To investigate effects of volume,distribution and leakage of bone cement in ver- tebroplasty on the adjacent intervertebral bodies using an experimentally calibrated and anatomically accurate fi- nite-element model of elderly L4-L5 vertebral bodies.Methods Computed tomography(CT)scanning was done,at 1 mm intervals,on L4-L5 vertebral bodies of the lumbar spine of an old man cadaver that had no abnormal findings on rnentgenograms.The L4-L5 motion segment data were obtained from the CT scans to establish in computer a three-dimensional finite element model of L4-L5 functional spinal unit(FSU)with the software Ansys 7.0.Compressive load after virtual vertebroplasty on the damaged model,unipedicular and bipedieolar injections and leakage of cement into the intervertebral space,and the resulting endplate and disc stresses of the adjacent vertebral bodies were analyzed in various spatial distributions of the filling material and different loading conditions. An anatomically accurate finite-element model of elderly L4-L5 vertebral bodies was developed.Results The FSU study suggested that changes in stress and strain at adjacent levels were minimal.Furthermore,endplale and disc stresses of the adjacent vertebral bodies were not influenced by bone cement filling volumes or distributions except under bending,whereas asymmetric distribution and leakage of bone cement to the disk increased the stress of adjacent endplates.Conclusion Since asymmetric distribution and significant leakage of cement into the intervertebral space can increase the stresses of endplates of adjacent vertebral bodies and may lead to a fracture, symmetric placement of cement in operation should be achieved and leakage of cement avoided.

Aim To evaluate the reversal effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose ( 2-DG ) on multidrug resistance ( MDR) by observing the uptake change of 99m Tc-MIBI in HNE-1/DDP cells, and to explore its mechanism. Methods The uptake of 99m Tc-MIBI in HNE-1/DDP cells under different concentrations of 2-DG was detec-ted by γ-counter, and the clearance rates of 99m Tc-MI-BI in HNE-1 cells and HNE-1/DDP cells after treated with 2-DG (10 mmol·L-1 ) were compared. The con-tent of ATP in HNE-1/DDP cells was detected after treated with 2-DG. P-glycoprotein ( P-gp ) and multi-drug resistance-associated proteins ( MRP ) expression were measured by Western blot. Apoptotic HNE-1/DDP cells treated with DDP alone or combined with 2-DG (10 mmol·L-1 ) were detected by propidium io-dide ( PI ) staining. Results The clearance rate of 99m Tc-MIBI in HNE-1/DDP cells was 54. 8%, which was significantly higher than that ( - 41. 3%) in HNE-1 cells (P<0. 01). The clearance rate of 99mTc-MIBI in HNE-1/DDP cells was -203. 7% after treat-ment with 2-DG ( 10 mmol · L-1 ) , which could be significantly reduced compared with the control group ( P<0. 01 ) . The level of ATP was 55 . 69% compared with the negative control group and the expression of P-gp and MRP protein decreased dramatically in HNE-1/DDP. With the combination of 2-DG and DDP, the ap-optotic rate of HNE-1/DDP cells reached 49 . 4%which was significantly higher than DDP treated group (22. 5%) . Conclusion Multidrug resistance and the reversal effect of 2-DG on multidrug resistance could be evaluated effectively by detecting the uptake change of 99m Tc-MIBI in HNE-1/DDP cells. The mechanism may be related with the inhibition of ATP level and the re-duced expression of P-gp and MRP protein in cancer cells.

Conscious Sedation ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective　To find out if an unique blood mode-vasculogenic mimicry (VM) exist in prostate cancer and analyze its relationship with prognosis.　Methods　The age of the patients was 59 to 72 years,with a mean age of (66.7 ± 11.0) years.All had been confirmed as prostate cancer by biopsy.The level of serum PSA was 15.6 to 76.7 μg/L,with a mean level of (34.6 ± 1.7 ) μg/L.A histochemical and immunohistochemical dual staining method for PAS-CD31 and MMP-2 in 96 prostatic adenocarcinomas were conducted to explore if VM exist in prostate cancer,describe its morphology and distribution.The different expression of MMP-2 in VM positive and VM negative tissue were.The clinical data were collected and analyzed to explore the relationship between disease progression and VM.　Results　Among 96 cases,24 cases were found VM positive,the others were negative.The boundary membrane of VM was PAS positive,which was continuous or incontinuous. A positive correlation between VM density and high Gleason score were found.The tPSA were higher in the VM positive cases than that in VM negatives.The VM positive patients had poorer prognosis than that of the negatives.The MMP-2 expression was found correlated with VM positive (rs =0.60,P ＜ 0.01 ).　Conclusions　VM exists in the prostate cancer as an independent structure,and it is more common in the high-grade cancer.The progression-free survival of VM positive patients could be worse than the negative.MMP-2 and VM could be the indicators of poor prognosis.

Objective To explore and evaluate the advantages of anchor nail in the treatment of achilles tendon rupture.Methods The clinical data of 27 patients with fresh achilles tendon rupture who received the treatment of thread anchor nail from January 2007 to August 2010 was retrospectively analyzed.Among them,14 patients received Krackow method,7 patients received Lindholm method to repair achilles tendon,6 patients received anchor nail combined with Krackow suture technique repair of achilles tendon.Arner-Lindholm clinical evaluation criterion was used for objective evaluation.Results Twenty-seven patients got 1-36 ( 17.35 ± 5.70) months follow-up.According to the corresponding standard in the 14 cases using Krackow method,8 cases were excellent,2 cases were good,4 cases were bad,the excellent and good rate was 71.4％( 10/14);in the 7 cases using Lindholm method,5 cases were excellent,1 case was good,1 case was bad,the excellent and good rate was 85.7 (6/7) ; all of the 6 cases using anchor nail combined with Krackow suture technique repair of achilles tendon were excellent,the excellent and good rate was 100.0％(6/6).Postoperative incisions were primarily healing,joint range of motion were all right,without rigidity,gait were almost normal,without the secondary fracture of ligament.Conclusion Anchor nail combined with Krackow suture technique in the treatment of achilles tendon rupture has significant effect,it is worth to be popularized because of its preonunced effect.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of Gallina nomogram in predicting seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) in prostate cancer.Methods From January 2009 to December 2011,89 patients with prostate carcinoma underwent open retropubic or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.Complete data of preoperative serum prostate specific antigen (PSA),clinical stage,biopsy Gleason score,percentage of positive biopsy cores,pelvic MRI and pathological report of prostatectomy specimen were collected,and all the patients met the inclusion criteria of Gallina nomogram,2001 Partin tables and 2007 Partin tables.Postoperative pathological results were respectively compared with MRI and the incidence of SVI predicted by the three tools,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of MRI in predicting SVI were calculated.The receiver operating characteristics curves were performed to test the predictive accuracy of SVI of each tool.Results The incidences of organ-confined disease,capsule invasion,SVI and lymph node metastasis were 58.4％,16.9％,22.5％,and 2.2％,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of MRI in predicting SVI was 45.0％ (9/20),71.0％ (49/69) and 65.2％ (58/89),respectively.The area under the curve (AUC) for SVI disease prediction of 2001 Partin tables,2007 Partin tables and Gallina nomogram was 0.712,0.711 and 0.801,respectively.Conclusions The sensitivity of MRI in predicting SVI is poor,the specificity and accuracy are common.All the predictive tools have a reasonable value for SVI (AUC ＞ 0.7),and Gallina nomogram is superior to two versions of Partin tables in predicting SVI.

This study examined the osteogenic effect of electromagnetic fields (EMF) under the simulated in vivo conditions. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and rat osteoblasts were co-cultured and exposed to 50 Hz, 1.0 mT EMF for different terms. Unexposed single-cultured BMSCs and osteoblasts were set as controls. Cell proliferation features of single-cultured BMSCs and osteoblasts were studied by using a cell counting kit (CCK-8). For the co-culture system, cells in each group were randomly chosen for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining on the day 7. When EMF exposure lasted for 14 days, dishes in each group were randomly chosen for total RNA extraction and von Kossa staining. The mRNA expression of osteogenic markers was detected by using real-time PCR. Our study showed that short-term EMF exposure (2 h/day) could obviously promote proliferation of BMSCs and osteoblasts, while long-term EMF (8 h/day) could promote osteogenic differentiation significantly under co-cultured conditions. Under EMF exposure, osteogenesis-related mRNA expression changed obviously in co-cultured and single-cultured cells. It was noteworthy that most osteogenic indices in osteoblasts were increased markedly after co-culture except Bmp2, which was increased gradually when cells were exposed to EMF. Compared to other indices, the expression of Bmp2 in BMSCs was increased sharply in both single-cultured and co-cultured groups when they were exposed to EMF. The mRNA expression of Bmp2 in BMSCs was approximately four times higher in 8-h EMF group than that in the unexposed group. Our results suggest that Bmp2-mediated cellular interaction induced by EMF exposure might play an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of multiple bladder biopsies in the diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) during transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT).Methods The data of 408 NMIBC patients from January 2009 to December 2013 was analyzed retrospectively.There were 302 males and 106 females.The mean age of these 408 patients was 65 years old from 33 to 86 years.Bladder multipoint biopsies were performed in 216 patients (biopsy group),and were not performed in the other 192 patients (control group).The multipoint biopsies were taken from right and left bladder walls,anterior and posterior walls,dome,trigone,prostatic urethra and abnormal mucosa.There were 127 males and 89 females in the biopsy group,with a mean age of 64 years old (from 18 to 87 years).In the control group,118 males and 74 females aged between 15 and 92 years have an average age of 66 years old.There was no statistically significant difference in regard to gender and age between the two groups.The positive rate of biopsy and whether the diagnosis and treatment plan changed in the study group were recorded and the recurrence and progression rates were compared between study and control groups.Results Of these 216 multiple mucosa biopsies,the total abnormal detection rate was 48.1％ (104/216).There were urothelial carcinoma in 12.5％ (39/216),carcinoma in situ in 5.6％ (12/216),dysplasia in 9.7％ (21/216),cystitis in 20.4％.The final diagnosis were changed in fifteen patients (6.9％) due to the biopsy results,and 38 patients(17.6％) treatment plans were changed.The 1-,3-,and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates (RFS) of biopsy group and control groups were 96.3％ vs.85.4％(x2 =14.955,P=0.000),85.2％ vs.69.8％ (x2 =13.183,P =0.000) and 69.9％ vs.64.1％ (x2 =1.574,P =0.245);progression-free survival(PFS) were 99.1％ vs.96.3％ (x2 =8.253,P =0.006),94.0％ vs.87.0％ (x2 =5.901,P=0.017) and90.3％ vs.85.4％ (x2 =2.273,P=0.169).The 1-and 3-year RFS and PFS of biopsy group were higher than control group.There was no significant difference in the 5-year RFS and PFS between the two groups.Conclusions Multiple bladder biopsies could be helpful for pathological diagnosis and the post-TUR treatment of NMIBC.Furthermore,it may reduce the early recurrence and progression rates of NMIBC,but have no effect on long-term prognosis.