Parkinson's disease(PD) is one of the most common neurological degenerative diseases with unknown causes and pathogenesis,and may be associated with genetic and environmental factors.Recent studies showed that PD had genetic basis.Genetics research of PD has been a hot topic nowadays,which provides hope for revealing the pathogenesis of PD.

Objective To investigate the effect of aprotinin on the inflammation response to reinfusion of shed blood during operation after being aspirated, filtered and washed using cell saver.Methods Twenty-four ASA I - II patients undergoing elective spinal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups: aprotinin group ( n = 12) and control group ( n = 12) .The patients were premedicated with intramuscular pentobarbital 0.1 g and atropine 0.5 mg. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg ? kg -1 , fentanyl 2-4 ?g ? kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1-0.3 mg ? kg-1 and maintained with isoflurane, propofol infusion and intermittent i. v. boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. In aprotinin group aprotinin 10 ? 105 IU was given before skin incision and another dose of aprotinin 10 ? 105 IU was continuously infused during operation. The blood shed during operation was collected, anticoagulated with heparin, filtered, washed and reinfused using AutoLog cell saver. Blood samples were taken from CVP line before skin incision (T1 , baseline), 30 min after reinfusion of salvaged bloods (T2) and at the end of operation (T3 ) for WBC and neutrophil granulocyte counts and determination of expression of CD11b and CD18 on the surface of neutrophil granulocytes using flow cytometry. Results The two groups were similar with respect to the general condition of the patients, duration of operation and account of shed blood reinfused. (676? 353) ml was reinfused in control group. The expression of CD11b and CD18 on the surface of neutrophil granulocytes increased significantly at T2 and T3 as compared to the baseline at T1 in control group ( P

Objective To establish rat models with Alzheimer's disease(AD) induced by ?-amyloid,and to observe the effects of nicotine on learning and memorizing ability of the rats. Methods Aggregated A?1-40 was injected into the bilateral basal forebrain of the rats.Learning and memorizing ability of the rats were inspected through Morris water maze test.The effects of nicotine on learning and memorizing ability of the rats induced by ?-amyloid peptide were observed. Results The learning and memorizing ability of AD animal models injected aggregated(A?1-40) for 2 weeks decreased(P

Background Pterygium is a relatively common eye disease,but its aetiology and pathogenesis remain uncertain.At present,the study on pterygia focuses on understanding its underlying mechanism.Objective This study was to detect the expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguaine (8-OHdG),a marker of oxidative damage of DNA,and bcl-2,a gene related with apoptosis,on the pterygium tissue.Methods Thirty pterygium tissue specimens were obtained during the surgery with the primary pterygium 24 cases and recurrent pterygium 6 cases.In addition,20 normal conjunctival specimens from retinal detachment surgery and strabismus surgery were collected.The expressions of 8-OHdG and bcl-2 in pterygium tissue were detected using immunochemistry and compared with the normal conjunctival tissue.The difference in the expressions of 8-OHdG and bcl-2 among different specimens was compared by x2test,and the relationship between 8-OHdG expression and bcl-2 expression was evaluated by Kappa test.Results The positive expressing rate of 8-OHdG in the pterygium tissue was 62.5％ and 83.3％ in the primary and recrudescence pterygium tissue,respectively,but the expression of 8-OHdG was absent in the normal conjunctiva tissue.No significant difference was found in the positive expressing rate of 8-OHdG between primary and recrudescence pterygium tissue(x2 =0.938,P＞0.05).The bcl-2 expressing rate was 90.0％ and 87.5％ in the primary and recrudescence pterygium tissue,respectively.However,that in the normal conjunctival tissue was absent.No significant difference was seen in the bcl-2 expression rate between primary and recrudescence pterygium tissue (x2=0.833,P ＞ 0.05).Of the 27 pterygium tissue with bcl-2 positive expression,8-OHdG showed the positive expression in 20 specimens,and 3 specimens with the bcl-2 negative response were absent reactive to 8-OHdG,showing insignificant difference between them (P＞0.05).The relationship between 8-OHdG expression and bcl-2 expression was concord in a certein extent (Kappa =0.464).Conclusions The upregulation of 8-OHdG in the pterygium tissue indicates that oxidative damage of DNA plays a role in the development of pterygium.Oxidative damage of DNA caused by ultraviolet may be an upriver factor,which induces raising up of expression of bcl-2 and inhibits the apoptosis of normal cells and further proliferation of the conjunctiva tissue,resulting in the genesis and development of pterysium.

ObjectiveTo observe effect of head and body acupuncture and moxibustion on stroke.Methods183 stroke patients were randomly divided into 3 groups, head acupuncture and moxibustion, body acupuncture and moxibustion, and head body acupuncture and moxibustion. After two months treatment, effects of 3 groups were evaluated.ResultsThere were no differences between head group and body group, body group and head body group, but there was significantly difference between head body group and head group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe head body acupuncture and moxibustion can gain the best clinical effect on stroke patients compared with simply head or body acupuncture and moxibustion.

Objective To explore the curative effect of prealbumin (PA) in the hand-foot-and-mouth dis-ease and analysis its value in monitoring and prognosing this disease. Method Detect levels of serum PA of 390 ca-ses of children before, after and during the treatment and compare the changes during the treatment. Then observe the prognosis. Results There are significant difference of PV levels between cases of different prognosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion The PV levels of children of hand-foot-and-mouth disease will change significantly after effective treat- ment. There are clinical significance in observing and prognosing the hand-foot-and-mouth disease by detecting the se-rum PV levels.

Objective To investigate the effects of changing the arteriovenous pressure difference on the survival area of reverse island flap in New Zealand white rabbits models.Methods The saphenous artery and saphenous vein of New Zealand rabbits were selected to design experimental models of reverse island flap.Experi mental rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups:group A:control group (reserved pedicle integrity of superficial veins);group B:part anastomosis of saphenous artery group (the distal saphenous artery of the flap was cut,then trimmed its original diameter to half and done end-to-end anastomosis);group C:part anastomosis of vein group (distal superficial veins was cut,then trimmed its original diameter to half and done end-to-end anastomosis);group D:ligated superficial veins group (pedicle superficial veins was ligated).After surgery,the flaps were measured by general observation.Blood distribution at different times of the flaps was detected by radionuclide scans.Survival area of the flap was measured to compare the survival rate of flap.Distribution of blood vessels and the state of blood cells were observed by Histological examination.Results The flap survival rate was (82.27-± 11.71)％ in group B,showing significant differences when compared with that group A (47.70-± 11.18)％,group C (47.70 ± 11.18)％ and group D (47.70 ± 11.18)％ (P ＜ 0.05).Radionuclide scans showed that the radioactive material in group B could be seen clearly,the radioactive material in groups A,C and D were a transient existence.Ten days postoperatively,histological observation showed that group B had more capillary regeneration and blood cells remain compared with other groups.Conclusion Increase the blood supply can increase the survival area of the reverse island flap,and simply promote the venous drainage can not effectively improve the survival rate of the flap.

Objective To discuss the feasibility and value of routine clinical preoperative examination predicting benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods The clinical data of 1630 patients undergoing thyroidectomy for nodular thyroid disease were analyzed retrospectively.The relationship between pathological diagnosis and physical examination,ultrasonographic parameters,the results of laboratory test and nuclear medicine test were examined to build a risk prediction model.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the formula were tested. Results In 387 cystic nodules 0.78％ were malignant; In 1243 solid nodules 17.2％ were malignant.Among the 1243 cases,characters significantly related to malignancy were:age younger than 40 years,solitary lobe involvement,hypoechoic nodule,irregular margins,solid nodule,microcalcification,macrocalcification,max diameter ≤ 2 cm. The prediction formula was: malignancy indicator =0.80 × age + 0.59 × solitary lobe + 0.72 × hypoechoic + 0.82 × irregular margin + 1.32 × solid nodule + 1.90 × microcalcification + 0.70 × macrocalcification + 0.71 × max diameter.The threshold limit value was 2.8,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of which were 74.4％,80.4％ and 75.2％,respectively. Conclusions Benign and malignant thyroid nodules could be differentiated roughly with the combination of patients' general information and the results of routine examination before operation.

Objective To investigate the effects of different DO2-directed hemodynamic man-agement on postoperative prognosis of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)patients with different degrees of liver function insufficiency.Methods Seventy patients (male 48 cases,female 22 cases, aged 37-66 years,ASA grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ)scheduled non veno-venous bypass OLT were divided into two groups (n = 35 each ).The oxygen delivery (DO2 )maintained respectively between 350 ml·min-1 ·m-2 and 500 ml·min-1 ·m-2 (group control)and more than 500 ml·min-1 ·m-2 (group study).After induction of anesthesia,the left radial artery was cannulated,allowing continu-ous blood pressure monitoring as well as serial blood sampling,then the Swan-Ganz catheter was in-serted via the right internal jugular vein to continuously monitor CI and S-vO2 .After anesthesia induc-tion and before operation (T1 ),10 min before anhepatic phase (T2 ),30 min after onset of anhepatic phase (T3 ),30 min after neohepatic phase (T4 )and the end of surgical procedure (T5 ),the SaO2 , PaO2 ,Hb,CI and S-vO2 were recorded to calculate the DO2 ,VO2 and ERO2 .Postoperatively,ICU and hospital length of stay,quality of life (QOL)and 1-5 year survival rate were recorded.Results In the two groups,CI,DO2 and VO2 declined at T3 to a statistically significant degree in comparison with T1 (P <0.05).CI,DO2 and VO2 in group study significantly higher than those of group control (P <0.05).ERO2 in group study was lower than that of group control significantly (P <0.05).ICU and hospital length of stay were significantly shorten in group study in comparison with group control (P <0.05).Survival rate and QOL in group study tended to be slightly higher than those of group control until the end of study period,but there was no significant difference.Conclusion The DO2-directed hemodynamic management can improve prognosis with enhanced DO2 in OLT patients with different degrees of hepatic insufficiency.It has a positive impact on their outcome of shortening ICU stay and the hospitalization days.

Objective To identify the effects of the subthalamic nuclei(STN)high frequency stimulation(HFS)on striatal and nigral dopaminergic metabolism in rats.Methods The effects of subthalamie nuclei high frequency stimulation(STN-HFS)on striatal dopaminergie metabolism was investigated in free moving rats.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blot of striatal and nigral tyrosine hydroxyiase(TH)were performed.Results Our data suggest that STN- HFS elevated TH protein(0.99?0.14 vs 0.33?0.08,P