The purpose of this study was : 1) to develop and test a theoretical model examining relationships among social support( and social network size ), illness demands, marital adjustment, family coping, and an outcome measure of family functioning in response to a mother's breast cancer in the early postdiagnostic phase ; 2) to investigate the sources of functional social support : and 3) to assess characteristics of social support networks for Korean families with breast cancer. This study used a cross-sectional, correlational design with a causal modeling methodology to test the specified relationships in the recursive theoretical model. the convenience sample of this study consisted of 82 married Korean couples with recently diagnosed breast cancer in the child-rearing mother. Six standardized questionnaires were used to measure the theoretical concepts : social support (ISSB), social network(ASSIS), illness demands(DOII), marital adjustment(DAS), family coping(F-COPES), and family functioning(FACESII). The theoretical model was tested on the aggregated couples' data( family data ) and on mothers and fathers data. Path analysis results from the mothers and the fathers revealed different patterns. A core set of predictive variables were identified with three data sets showing consistent effects on family functioning level-marital adjustment and family coping, marital adjustment and family functioning, and family coping and family functioning. Namely, the level of family functioning was directly and positively affected by family coping behavior and the level of marital adjustment ; the level of marital adjustment had a direct positive effect on family coping behavior. In two reduced models from couples' and mothers' data, three sets of predicted relationships were supported, social support and marital adjustment, and s and marital adjustment. The level of social support received had a direct positive effect on both the level of marital adjustment and family coping behavior, and the experienced illness demands had a direct negative effect on the level of marital adjustment. Few significant gender differences were found in terms of 1) actual and perceived network sizes, need for support, and satisfaction with the support received for each type of functional social support, 20 total network size encompassing all types of functional social support, as well as, 3) the amount of functional social support received. These findings may prove useful for health care professionals working with Korean families with breast cancer or other chronic illness.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Chronic Disease ; Dataset ; Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Fathers ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Mothers* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.

Asthma ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans

Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; complications ; etiology ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; complications ; etiology

ObjectiveTo analysis the current conditions of the main chronic disease,satisfaction,reactive and trust,then to make the control policy in community health management base in China.Method Using the questionnaire by oneself,which the contents include prevalence,understand rate,management rate,behavior correct rate,control rate,medicine obey and satisfaction,reactive and trust of 2009 the chronic disease in 2009.ResultsThe total investigate people was 1 189 456.The hypertension prevalence is 8.01％,the diabetes prevalence is 4.41％.To compare with Shanghai and Jilin in 6 aspects,the prevalence,understand rate,management rate,control rate,medicine obey rate is higher in Shanghai.But behavior correct rate is lower in Jilin.Survey of hypertension prevalence rate was decreased,awareness,management,rates,rates of behavior modification,medication compliance rates and control rates of growth from 2009 to 2010.Satisfaction,responsiveness and trust indicators investigated a total of 2268 people,the process of service satisfaction to 93.43％,93.78％ overall satisfaction; to have the privacy of reactivity to 94.41％ of the basic amenities and clean comfortable response of the 90.45％ ; of treatment services for the 92.59％confidence,the confidence of the cost for the 93.98％ of the overall trust in institutions is 92.76％.ConclusionsThe government must take main principle in chronic disease control.We must enhance base construct of community health management and increase management level of chronic disease.We must enhance practitioner's culture ang increase knowledge of chronic disease management.

This article briefly introduces how to rationally use antibiotics in patients with strokeassociated pneumonia from the aspects of etiology,disease,and antibiotic use.A great importance should be attached early to the standard pathologic examination,and the initial empiric treatment should be timely and adequate.The complex preparation of broad-spectrum penicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor is generally recommended,on this basis,the etiological examination results should be sought actively.Selecting the highly targeted or sensitive antibiotics improve the efficacy and reduce adverse reactions.

Adrenal gland vein sampling is an interventional method to get the blood samples from the adrenal gland vein. The blood is obtained via a catheter which is selectively inserted in the adrenal gland vein. This technique is mainly used to be diagnostic for primary hyperaldosteronism. A full knowledge of the anatomy and variations of the adrenal gland vein, serious preoperative preparation and skilled catheterization manipulation are necessary for obtaining sufficient blood sample and for reducing the occurrence of complications. Providing the physicians with definite diagnostic evidence and being technically feasible, adrenal gland vein sampling should become one of the routine examinations for clarifying the cause of primary hyperaldosteronism.

Objective To carry out the performance evaluation to insure security of inner canister during the design phase, which is the important thin component of the portable sterilizater. Methods The software Mechanica, one of the module of Pro/Engineer was implemented to the flexure analysis of the inner canister. Results The stabilization and strength of inner canister satisfied requirements of the design. Conclusion Not only the security of design data can be proved but the cost and cycle of design can be reduced by using the method of expansion simulation analysis at the same time of the design phase of the equipment.

AIM: To investigate the effect of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug Bevacizumab on connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) and pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) in proliferative membranes in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).METHODS: From January 2015 to December 2016, 117 patients (126 eyes) with PDR were analyzed using the case-control study.The selected cases were randomly divided into two groups, respectively, Group A of 60 cases (63 eyes) and Group B of 57 cases (63 eyes).The Group A was treated with vitrectomy alone, while the Group B received intravitreal injection of 0.05mL/1.25mg bevacizumab before vitrectomy.The peeled epiretinal membranes in patients were stained and then the histopathological changes were observed for primitive cells and angiogenesis, the expression of CTGF and PEDF were tested.RESULTS: The expression of CTGF and PEDF in the proliferative membrane of the two groups were expressed in the cytoplasm.The Group A showed positive expression in 38 cases, the positive rate was 60.3%.Compared with Group A, the positive expression rate of CTGF in Group B (92.1%) was significantly higher (P<0.05).The positive expression rates of PEDF in the two groups were 90.5% and 95.2% respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: In patients with PDR after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, the retinal neovascularization is significantly reduced, which is conducive to vitrectomy.The positive expression rate of CTGF significantly increased in patients with PDR after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, but there was no significant change in the expression of PEDF in the anterior membrane.

AIM: To study the effect of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and multifocal-electroretinogram (mfERG) before and after treatment for choroidal neovascular disease.METHODS: A total of 264 patients (332 eyes) with macular neovascularization (MCNV) and idiopathic choroidal neovascular disease (ICNV) who underwent pathologic myopia from January 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study.Intraocular pressure and BCVA, fundus using 90D front mirror and slit lamp detection, and the fundus photograph, OCT, ICGA and FFA angiography, mfERG detection were taken.One month after the drug, 1mo after the final treatment, we recorded BCVA, intraocular pressure and mfERG and so on.RESULTS: Ranibizumab was injected into the 254 eyes, and 78 eyes were injected with conbercept.There were 37 eyes injected once, 147 eyes were injected twice, 72 eyes were injected 3 times, 57 eyes were injected 4 times, 19 eyes 5 times.There were no significant differences on intraocular pressure between the two groups (P>0.05).The BCVA before treatment was significantly different compared with those 1mo after treatment and 1mo after the final treatment (P>0.05).The amplitude of Ring1, Ring2 and Ring4 increased after treatment, the difference was statistically significant.(P<0.05).The amplitude of Ring3 and Ring5 increased at 1mo after final treatment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs has a significant effect on BCVA and mf ERG in patients with choroidal neovascular disease and is safe.