OBJECTIVE To investigate pulmonary fungal infection spectrum and its resistance in older COPD patients with mechanical ventilation.METHODS Retrospective study were performed in 67 cases of COPD patients with mechanical ventilation treatment who were admitted to our ICU from Jan 2004 to Doc 2007.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was cultured,differentiation and antifungal susceptilibity testing were taken.RESULTS Seventy-eight fungi strains were cultured in 78 cases,among them,41 strains were Candida albicans(52.56%),14 of C.tropicalis,9 of C.krusei,5 of C.parapsilosis,7 of yeast-like fungi and 2 of Aspergillus.CONCLUSIONS There were increasing fungal infection rate in older COPD patients with mechanical ventilation and C.albicans is still the most frequent type.The resistance to triazole antifungal drug is also increasing.

Differed from the elderly patients with lung cancer,the younger patients with lung cancer,less than 50 years old,present unique clinical features.Recently,the incidence of lung cancer in young people has shown a rising trend,making the research on this field more valuable.At present,molecular targeted therapy is one of the most popular areas of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC),and researches are focused on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK).In addition,the previous researches revealed the differences between the young and elderly patients with lung cancer on molecular genetics and prognosis,so the researches on prognostic factors for young patients with lung cancer are of great clinical significance.The present paper will focus on the aspects of pathogenesis,molecular genetics and prognosis in young patients with lung cancer.

History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Neurosurgery ; history ; Philately ; United States

Asthenospermia accounts for about 30% of the causes of male infertility. Currently, most drugs for asthenospermia lack specificity and desirable therapeutic efficiency. An insight into the pathogenesis of asthenospermia is important for the development of specific therapies for this disease. The protein Na+/K(+)- ATPase α4 isoform (NKA4) presents in both mature testis tissue and the sperm tail, the absence or reduced activity of which may significantly decrease sperm motility. Ouabain is a natural inhibitor of NKA4, suppressing its activity by specifically binding the ouabain site in it. The hypothalamus and adrenal cortex excrete an ouabain-like steroid hormone called endogenous ouabain (EO), which may be associated with the pathogenesis of asthenospermia by inhibiting the activity of NKA4, affecting Na+/H+ exchange, Na+/Ca2+ exchange and sperm cell membrane potential, and eventually reducing sperm motility.
Asthenozoospermia ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Ouabain ; chemistry ; Protein Isoforms ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Sperm Motility ; Sperm Tail ; Spermatozoa ; Testis

Tumor vaccine is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in tumor immunotherapy. It promotes the antigen presentation process by delivering tumor antigen and then activates the anti-tumor immune response. As a new class of vaccines, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines can activate the immune system to achieve the purpose of immunotherapy by delivering the mRNA sequence of a specific antigen into the body and expressing the corresponding antigen protein. Compared with traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines have the advantages of a short production cycle, high effectiveness, and strong immunogenicity. In recent years, the application of mRNA vaccines in tumor immunotherapy has attracted widespread attention, but the instability and low delivery efficiency of mRNA limit its application. Nano delivery system can effectively solve the problem of mRNA vaccine delivery, greatly promote the research process and clinical application of mRNA tumor vaccines, and has become a hot spot in the research of mRNA vaccines. In this review, we introduced the mRNA tumor vaccines, focusing on the application of nano delivery system in mRNA tumor vaccines, in order to provide new ideas and new methods for the efficient delivery of mRNA tumor vaccines and tumor immunotherapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mining ; Noninvasive Ventilation ; Pneumoconiosis ; rehabilitation ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To estimate the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure(nCPAP)therapy on patients with OSAS in prethrombotic state.Methods One group of 30 patients with OSAS who were diagnosed from Sep.2003 to Sep.2005,one healthy control group of 30 cases.Blood samples were taken from people in the supine position in the morning immediately after overnight polysomnography and nCPAP theraphy(only in OSAS group).Results Compared with the normal controls,the level of the molecular marker GMP-140 increased in the blood of patients with OSAS,the levels of APTT,AT-Ⅲ decreased,and the level of t-PA decreased as well.The level of PAI increased.Compared with the healthy controls,datum indicated statistical differences between the two groups.Datum of the patients with OSAS were improved after nCPAP therapy:AHI decreased from 63.21?23.23 to 0.56?0.84;the nocturnal lowest of SaO_2 increased from 0.68?0.07 to 0.90?0.02;GMP-140 and PAI decreased to (17.07?7.97)% and (95.83?5.91)% respectively;AT-Ⅲ and t-PA increased to(95.20?6.67)% and (5.45?1.61)?g respectively.Conclusion Prethrombotic state is present in patients with OSAS.nCPAP therapy can decrease OSAS-related thrombotic complications.

Professor SONG Nanchang's clinical experience and characteristics for treatment of peripheral facial paralysis are introduced. In clinical treatment, professor SONG has adopted staging treatment strategy, and performed acupuncture stimulation with different levels. He attaches great importance to the acupoint selection on distal limbs. For the treatment on the face, he takes temperature as necessity; he inherits from famous Chinese doctor ZONG Ruilin's acupuncture technique of slow-twisting and gentle-pressing. Meanwhile, he excels in combination, of different therapies, using acupuncture, moxibustion, electroacupuncture, auricular point sticking, Chinese herbal medicine, etc. according to individual condition and disease stages. He also emphasizes on psychological counseling and daily life care to achieve rehabilitation within the shortest time.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; methods ; China ; Facial Paralysis ; therapy ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male

To study the mechanism of human chronic renal allograft rejection, kidney tissues were taken from 16 patients with chronic renal allograft rejection and from 5 healthy subjects, and underwent the frazed section staining for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 to anti-ICAM-1 and anti-VCAM-1 respectively by using immunohistochemistry(ABC).The results showed that there were differ-ent distribution of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in nomal kidney and renal allograft during chronic rejection.It was suggested that ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of human chronic renal allograft rejection.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pdysomnographic characteristics and related factors of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in elderly patients. Methods The 163 elderly patients with OSAHS confirmed by polysomnography were classified into obesity group and non-obesity group according to body mass index (BMI). All cases were grouped into mild,moderate and severe groups according to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and night SaO2. The 190non-elderly OSAHS patients were as control group at the same time. The clinical and polysomnographic characteristics were recorded and analyzed. Results (1)The proportion of obesity in OSAHS patients was 79. 1%, there was significant difference between the elderly-obesity group and non-elderly-obesity group (70.3% vs. 83.6%, P＜0.05). (2)The proportions of moderate and severe OSAHS patients were lower in elderly group than in non-elderly group. There were significant differences in AHI, the lowest arterial O2 saturation (LSaO2) and % TRT SaO2 ＜90% between the two groups (all P＜0.05). (3)The sleep architecture disturbance was significantly severer in elderly group than in non-elderly group. The percentages of non-rapid eye movementsleep (NREM sleep)stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ sleep were significantly decreased, and the arousal was significantly increased. (4) The syndrome of OSAHS in elderly group was untypical and the clinical complication was increased.Conclusions The elderly OSAHS patients are less severe than non-elderly group, but the elderly patients have worse sleep architecture disturbance and more complications such as hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.