OBJECTIVE:To study the adverse drug reactions induced by?-lactam antibiotics and to promote rational use of drugs in clinics.METHODS:442ADR cases induced by?-lactam antibiotics collected in our hospital during2001～2005were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:Among the total961ADR cases collected in5years,46%were induced by?-lactam antibiotics.The most common displays of ADR were the lesion of skin and the appendants,followed by the lesion of cardiovas-cular system and digestive system etc.CONCLUSION:It is advisable to promote rational use of?-lactam antibiotics and strengthen ADR monitoring so as to decrease or avoid the occurrence of ADR.

The distribution and type of the whorl on headhair and pubic hair were observed for Korean male youths at physical examination of freshman students of our university. I) In the observation on the whorl on headhair for 1293 male youths, following results were obtained. a) i) The single whorl was found 93.89% of the case. ii) The double whorl was found 5.49% of the case. iii) The triple whorl was found 0. 62% of the case. b) The most of the whorl situated on median sagittal line of the head. It occurs more often on the right side (30.4%.) than on the left (15.8%). c) The single whorl in the clockwise direction predominates over the counterclockwise. d) It is found in 52% of all cases that position double whorls had showed the one on the right side and the other on the left. And the double whorl showed the combination of spiral opposing directions in more than 80% II) In the observation on pubic hair of 6131 Korean male youths, following results were obtained. a) Below 18 years old: i) The horizontal type was found in 78.6% ii) The sagittal type was found in 6.3% iii) The acuminate type was found in 11.0%. iv) The disperse type was found in 3.4%. b)Over 19 years old: i) The horizontal type was found in 71. 6% ii) The sagittal type was found in 8. 5% iii) The acuminate type was found in 14.7% iv) The disperse type was found in 4. 9% c) The 0,75% of all cases can not be found pubic hair below 19 years old, the 0, 25% of the case can not be found pubic hair between 20-24 years old and 0.34% of total case (6131) whose age are ranging 17 years old to 24 years old were found bald pubic hair.
Adolescent* ; Hair* ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Postal Service* ; Young Adult

Researches on manipulating pluripotent stem cells derived from blastocysts or primordial germ cells (PGCs) have a great advantage for developing innovative technologies in various fields of life science including medicine, pharmaceutics, and biotechnology. Since their first isolation in the mouse embryos(1), stem cells or stem cell-like colonies have been continuously established in the mouse of different strains(21), cattle(2, 3), pig(4, 5), rabbit(6, 7), and human(9). However, full-term development originated from established pluripotent cells, which is an absolute criterion for proving cell pluripotency and differentiation, has only been reported in the mouse(22). Due to technical difficulties, no further progress has been made in the establishment of animal embryonic stem (ES) cell line. Alternatively, the use of embryonic germ (EG) cells was selected to establish an animal stem cell line. EG cells also have pluripotent characteristics, which were proven by morphological assay, intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity, and reactions with cell surface-specific markers. The finding of Labosky et al.(23) on germline chimera development after transfer to embryos clearly proved the pluripotency of EG cells and their similar characteristics with ES cells. Avian transgenesis has an unlimited value in biotechnology industry, since its applicability as a bioreactor has proven to be greater than that of mammalian species(24). In the chicken, EG cells can be extensively utilized instead of ES cells for efficiently inducing transgenesis mediated by germline transmission. Recently, PGCs collected from the embryonic gonad were suggested to be useful in establishing avian stem cells. Technical feasibility and applicability of gonadal PGCs (gPGCs) to germline chimera production were also confirmed(25) and a gPGC culture system to establish EG cells was subsequently developed(15).
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals* ; Biological Science Disciplines ; Bioreactors ; Biotechnology ; Blastocyst ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Chimera ; Embryonic Germ Cells ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Embryonic Structures ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Germ Cells ; Gonads ; Mice ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Stem Cell Research* ; Stem Cells*

No abstract available.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Depression* ; Headache* ; Memory*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Orthopedics*

The emergence of drug resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome is the major reason for antiviral treatments failure.To investigate the drug-resistance viral quasispecies in HIV-infected individuals and to find out the new drug resistance mutations have significant effects on directing effective clinical treatment and developing novel antiviral drugs.HIV drug resistance tests mainly include genotypic drug susceptibility assay and phenotypic drug susceptibility assay.We reviewed in this article some novel development in the field.

The neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury are effects on complex aspect of cognition, emotion and behavior. They include problems with attention and arousal, concentration, executive function, intellectual changes, memory inpairments, personality changes, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, psychosis, apathy, aggression, and irritability. There are many useful therapeutic approaches available for people who have been brain injuries. Although a multifactioral, multidisciplinary, collaborative approach to treatment is proposed, for purposes of exposition the author have divided treatment into psychopharmacological, cognitive, behavioral, psychological, and social interventions.
Aggression ; Anxiety Disorders ; Apathy ; Arousal ; Brain Injuries* ; Cognition ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Memory ; Mood Disorders ; Psychotic Disorders

Objective To investigate features and surgical management of anal fistula and perianal abscess in infants. Methods 41 pediatric patients (less than 2 years of age) were reviewed retrospectively.Results All patients were male with mean age of 9.5 months. 40 cases were previous anorectal abscesses. The all fistulas were single. Their origin in the crypts was clearly identified in 35 cases. When anoscopy was routinely performed, abnormal development of crypts was found in 19 cases(46 4%). All sick infants received surgical management. No recurrences were observed in the postoperation.Conclusion There are distinctly different between in infants and in adults for perianal abscess and /or fistula-in-ano. The eradication of the anal fistula and perianal infection is most important in reducing recurrence of postoperation.

Objective To explore the correlation between the depression status of patients with post-stroke depression(PSD) and nerve function defect.Methods 75 patients in the first 24h of acute stroke onset were selected.According to the Zung depression self rating scale(SDS),75 cases were divided into simple stroke patients group and PSD group,and the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Scandinavian nerve function defect rating scale (SSS) were used for further evaluation.The score results were statistically analyzed.Results Of 75 cases with acute stroke,32 cases(42.7％) were diagnosed PSD.Admission day 2,at the end of 1,2 and 3 weeks,the HAMD scores between PSD patients and simple acute stroke group had statistically significant differences (all P ＜ 0.01).The HAMD scores of three groups of PSD patients (light,medium,heavy) appeared obvious changes with the prolonged time,which were significantly higher than the simple stroke group.The SSS score of simple stroke group and mild PSD patients increased with prolonged observation time,the difference between the two groups was significant (q =9.75,P ＜ 0.05).The SSS score of moderate and severe PSD patients decreased with prolonged observation time,compared with the simple stroke group,the differences were statistically significant(q =50.23,46.82,all P ＜ 0.05).In simple stroke patients and mild PSD patients,HAMD scores and SSS score had no correlation (r =0.062,P ＞ 0.05).In moderate and severe PSD patients,HAMD score and SSS score had correlation (r =4.682,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of PSD in acute brain stroke patients was 42.7％,and in patients with moderate and severe PSD,HAMD scores correlated with the degree of nerve function defect.Early intervention on depression treatment and promote the recovery of neural function is also important.