This survey attempted to determine the overall health situation in Kyunggido in terms of sickness prevalence, sickness distribution, demand for medical care by type, and utilization of medical care. The survey was conducted on 766 households, or 4,065 people, from July 1-31, 1975. The findings from the survey are as follows: 1) In terms of age distribution, 28.7% of the sample was from 10-19, the 40-49 age group was the next largest group, and those over 60 made up 7% of the sample. 2) The education distribution is as follows, 30.4% completed primary school, 22.4% had no formal education, 20.6% attended but did not onplete primary school, and 1.8% attended universities or higher. 3) In terms of occupation, 55.9% were unemployed or family employees, which represents a large dependent population, 30.4% of the workers were employed in farming or fisheries. 4) The marital status is as follows, 58.3% of the women were married, 32.3% unmarried, and 7.5% divorced. 5) The prevalence rate of monthly illness was 19.7% of 100 infant, 42.8% became fatally ill within the first year of life. This is a very high percentage compared with more developed nations. 6) Of those reportion on illness, 54.6% sought treatment. The rate of treatment was highest in infants at 77.7%. Us age increased, demand for treatment decreased to 43.1% for those in the oldest age group. The oldest age group also had the highest rate of non treatment at 56.8%. 7) The demand for medical care showed that 65.6% utilized drug stores, 20.2% utilized hospitals and clinics, 5.4% used herbdrug-stores and herb clinics, and 3.9% relied upon folk medicine and witch craft. 8) The utilization of medical facilities by sex is as follows, 65.1% of the men and 66.0% of the women used drug stores, and 19.2% of the men and 20.2% of the women used hospitals and clinics. However, more men (3.5%) were hospitalized than women (1.8%). 9) In terms of out-patient care, the largest age group of males was 10-19 (28.2%), and the largest age group of females was 0-9 (30.8%). There was no sex difference in the use of western pharmacies. Men age 30-39 and women age 50-59 were the most frequent users of herb clinics. 10) The rate of receiving treatment at drugstore hospitals went towards declining level in the second case of what while increasing much more at herb clinics and folk medicines in the second case than the first one. 11) After primary utilization of hospitals, 32.7% of the adults aged 20-59 used drug-stores as a secondary source of care, and 12.8% of children and youth under age 20 continued receiving care at hospitals. 12) After primary utilization of drug-stores, 32.5% of the adults continued to seek care at drug stores and 1.8% used hospitals. 4.2% of those over age 60 utilized folk medicine and witch craft.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Developed Countries ; Divorce ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Fisheries ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Marital Status ; Medicine, Traditional ; Occupations ; Outpatients ; Pharmacies ; Prevalence ; Sex Characteristics ; Single Person

Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; complications ; etiology ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; complications ; etiology

China ; Equipment and Supplies ; Organization and Administration

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Asthma ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans

Diet Therapy ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases ; diet therapy

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Animals ; Birds ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; classification ; pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds ; complications ; prevention & control ; virology ; Influenza, Human ; etiology ; prevention & control

No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Chromatids* ; Humans ; Siblings*

OBJECTIVE: To understand the regulatory mechanism of apoptosis by pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in the cyclic human endometrium. METHODS: Each case of endometrial status was classified by Noyes criteria, and grouped into early proliferative(n=13), late proliferative(n=14), early secretory(n=15), and late secretory phases(n=15). Expression of bcl-2, and bax were assessed by Northern blot and immunohistochemistry in relation to apoptotic index by TUNEL. Results: Apoptotic index showed increasing tendency as progressing to the late secretory phase, which phase showed significantly higher apoptotic index compared to the other phases(p<0.05). The intensity of bcl-2 8.5kb transcript by Northern blot was highest in the late proliferative phase significantly(p<0.05), decreasing to nadir in the late secretory phase. In contrast to bcl-2 expression, bax mRNA expression was highest in the late secretory phase significantly(p<0.05). Both the relative ratio of bcl-2 8.5kb transcript and bcl-2 5.5kb trascript to bax showed that the ratio was higher in the early, and late proliferative phase, but, reversed in the late secretory phase. Both the immunoreactivity of bcl-2 and bax proteins could be detected in the basal, functional, and stromal layers of endometrium. The immunoreactivity of bcl-2 protein was more prominent in the proliferative phase, however, bax protein was more prominent in the secretory phase. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that apoptosis could be regulated by the relative dominance of bcl-2 or bax expression in the human endometrium. Thus, bcl-2 and bax expressions might be one of the possible mechanism in the regulation of normal menstruation.
Apoptosis* ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Blotting, Northern ; Endometrium* ; Female ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Menstruation ; RNA, Messenger