OBJECTIVE:To study the adverse drug reactions induced by?-lactam antibiotics and to promote rational use of drugs in clinics.METHODS:442ADR cases induced by?-lactam antibiotics collected in our hospital during2001～2005were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:Among the total961ADR cases collected in5years,46%were induced by?-lactam antibiotics.The most common displays of ADR were the lesion of skin and the appendants,followed by the lesion of cardiovas-cular system and digestive system etc.CONCLUSION:It is advisable to promote rational use of?-lactam antibiotics and strengthen ADR monitoring so as to decrease or avoid the occurrence of ADR.

Researches on manipulating pluripotent stem cells derived from blastocysts or primordial germ cells (PGCs) have a great advantage for developing innovative technologies in various fields of life science including medicine, pharmaceutics, and biotechnology. Since their first isolation in the mouse embryos(1), stem cells or stem cell-like colonies have been continuously established in the mouse of different strains(21), cattle(2, 3), pig(4, 5), rabbit(6, 7), and human(9). However, full-term development originated from established pluripotent cells, which is an absolute criterion for proving cell pluripotency and differentiation, has only been reported in the mouse(22). Due to technical difficulties, no further progress has been made in the establishment of animal embryonic stem (ES) cell line. Alternatively, the use of embryonic germ (EG) cells was selected to establish an animal stem cell line. EG cells also have pluripotent characteristics, which were proven by morphological assay, intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity, and reactions with cell surface-specific markers. The finding of Labosky et al.(23) on germline chimera development after transfer to embryos clearly proved the pluripotency of EG cells and their similar characteristics with ES cells. Avian transgenesis has an unlimited value in biotechnology industry, since its applicability as a bioreactor has proven to be greater than that of mammalian species(24). In the chicken, EG cells can be extensively utilized instead of ES cells for efficiently inducing transgenesis mediated by germline transmission. Recently, PGCs collected from the embryonic gonad were suggested to be useful in establishing avian stem cells. Technical feasibility and applicability of gonadal PGCs (gPGCs) to germline chimera production were also confirmed(25) and a gPGC culture system to establish EG cells was subsequently developed(15).
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals* ; Biological Science Disciplines ; Bioreactors ; Biotechnology ; Blastocyst ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Chimera ; Embryonic Germ Cells ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Embryonic Structures ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Germ Cells ; Gonads ; Mice ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Stem Cell Research* ; Stem Cells*

The distribution and type of the whorl on headhair and pubic hair were observed for Korean male youths at physical examination of freshman students of our university. I) In the observation on the whorl on headhair for 1293 male youths, following results were obtained. a) i) The single whorl was found 93.89% of the case. ii) The double whorl was found 5.49% of the case. iii) The triple whorl was found 0. 62% of the case. b) The most of the whorl situated on median sagittal line of the head. It occurs more often on the right side (30.4%.) than on the left (15.8%). c) The single whorl in the clockwise direction predominates over the counterclockwise. d) It is found in 52% of all cases that position double whorls had showed the one on the right side and the other on the left. And the double whorl showed the combination of spiral opposing directions in more than 80% II) In the observation on pubic hair of 6131 Korean male youths, following results were obtained. a) Below 18 years old: i) The horizontal type was found in 78.6% ii) The sagittal type was found in 6.3% iii) The acuminate type was found in 11.0%. iv) The disperse type was found in 3.4%. b)Over 19 years old: i) The horizontal type was found in 71. 6% ii) The sagittal type was found in 8. 5% iii) The acuminate type was found in 14.7% iv) The disperse type was found in 4. 9% c) The 0,75% of all cases can not be found pubic hair below 19 years old, the 0, 25% of the case can not be found pubic hair between 20-24 years old and 0.34% of total case (6131) whose age are ranging 17 years old to 24 years old were found bald pubic hair.
Adolescent* ; Hair* ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Postal Service* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Orthopedics*

No abstract available.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Depression* ; Headache* ; Memory*

Objective To study the extraction process of kendir leaves in compound kendir leaves tablets. Method The optimum extraction process was selected by the orthogonal design L9(34),with the factors of the concentration of ethanol,the volume of ethanol and the time of extraction,the content of quercetin as the evaluating criteria detected by HPLC. Kromasil C18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.5% phosphoric acid (27︰73),detection wavelength was 371 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Results The best extraction process of kendir leaves was as follows:85% ethanol,30 times volume of ethanol,extracting for 2 hours in boiling water. Quercetin showed a good linearity in the range of 0.963 0～0.080 3 ?g,r =0.999 8 (n =7). The average recovery of quercetin was 99.46%. Conclusion The extraction process was entirely,and the results of determination are satisfactory.

The emergence of drug resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome is the major reason for antiviral treatments failure.To investigate the drug-resistance viral quasispecies in HIV-infected individuals and to find out the new drug resistance mutations have significant effects on directing effective clinical treatment and developing novel antiviral drugs.HIV drug resistance tests mainly include genotypic drug susceptibility assay and phenotypic drug susceptibility assay.We reviewed in this article some novel development in the field.

The neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury are effects on complex aspect of cognition, emotion and behavior. They include problems with attention and arousal, concentration, executive function, intellectual changes, memory inpairments, personality changes, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, psychosis, apathy, aggression, and irritability. There are many useful therapeutic approaches available for people who have been brain injuries. Although a multifactioral, multidisciplinary, collaborative approach to treatment is proposed, for purposes of exposition the author have divided treatment into psychopharmacological, cognitive, behavioral, psychological, and social interventions.
Aggression ; Anxiety Disorders ; Apathy ; Arousal ; Brain Injuries* ; Cognition ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Memory ; Mood Disorders ; Psychotic Disorders

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.23.022