OBJECTIVE:To study the adverse drug reactions induced by?-lactam antibiotics and to promote rational use of drugs in clinics.METHODS:442ADR cases induced by?-lactam antibiotics collected in our hospital during2001～2005were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:Among the total961ADR cases collected in5years,46%were induced by?-lactam antibiotics.The most common displays of ADR were the lesion of skin and the appendants,followed by the lesion of cardiovas-cular system and digestive system etc.CONCLUSION:It is advisable to promote rational use of?-lactam antibiotics and strengthen ADR monitoring so as to decrease or avoid the occurrence of ADR.

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Orthopedics*

Researches on manipulating pluripotent stem cells derived from blastocysts or primordial germ cells (PGCs) have a great advantage for developing innovative technologies in various fields of life science including medicine, pharmaceutics, and biotechnology. Since their first isolation in the mouse embryos(1), stem cells or stem cell-like colonies have been continuously established in the mouse of different strains(21), cattle(2, 3), pig(4, 5), rabbit(6, 7), and human(9). However, full-term development originated from established pluripotent cells, which is an absolute criterion for proving cell pluripotency and differentiation, has only been reported in the mouse(22). Due to technical difficulties, no further progress has been made in the establishment of animal embryonic stem (ES) cell line. Alternatively, the use of embryonic germ (EG) cells was selected to establish an animal stem cell line. EG cells also have pluripotent characteristics, which were proven by morphological assay, intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity, and reactions with cell surface-specific markers. The finding of Labosky et al.(23) on germline chimera development after transfer to embryos clearly proved the pluripotency of EG cells and their similar characteristics with ES cells. Avian transgenesis has an unlimited value in biotechnology industry, since its applicability as a bioreactor has proven to be greater than that of mammalian species(24). In the chicken, EG cells can be extensively utilized instead of ES cells for efficiently inducing transgenesis mediated by germline transmission. Recently, PGCs collected from the embryonic gonad were suggested to be useful in establishing avian stem cells. Technical feasibility and applicability of gonadal PGCs (gPGCs) to germline chimera production were also confirmed(25) and a gPGC culture system to establish EG cells was subsequently developed(15).
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals* ; Biological Science Disciplines ; Bioreactors ; Biotechnology ; Blastocyst ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Chimera ; Embryonic Germ Cells ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Embryonic Structures ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Germ Cells ; Gonads ; Mice ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Stem Cell Research* ; Stem Cells*

The distribution and type of the whorl on headhair and pubic hair were observed for Korean male youths at physical examination of freshman students of our university. I) In the observation on the whorl on headhair for 1293 male youths, following results were obtained. a) i) The single whorl was found 93.89% of the case. ii) The double whorl was found 5.49% of the case. iii) The triple whorl was found 0. 62% of the case. b) The most of the whorl situated on median sagittal line of the head. It occurs more often on the right side (30.4%.) than on the left (15.8%). c) The single whorl in the clockwise direction predominates over the counterclockwise. d) It is found in 52% of all cases that position double whorls had showed the one on the right side and the other on the left. And the double whorl showed the combination of spiral opposing directions in more than 80% II) In the observation on pubic hair of 6131 Korean male youths, following results were obtained. a) Below 18 years old: i) The horizontal type was found in 78.6% ii) The sagittal type was found in 6.3% iii) The acuminate type was found in 11.0%. iv) The disperse type was found in 3.4%. b)Over 19 years old: i) The horizontal type was found in 71. 6% ii) The sagittal type was found in 8. 5% iii) The acuminate type was found in 14.7% iv) The disperse type was found in 4. 9% c) The 0,75% of all cases can not be found pubic hair below 19 years old, the 0, 25% of the case can not be found pubic hair between 20-24 years old and 0.34% of total case (6131) whose age are ranging 17 years old to 24 years old were found bald pubic hair.
Adolescent* ; Hair* ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Postal Service* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Depression* ; Headache* ; Memory*

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.23.022

Objective:To investigate the epidemic features of allergic rhinitis(AR)and correlative risk factors in Shihezi city,Xinjiang province,China. Method:A question-naire survey on AR and airway diseases was conducted among 2300 elementry school children in 12 schools,aged from 9 to 10 years old,from july 10 to 25,2008. in Shihezi city,Xinjiang province.Suspects of AR was identified by the survey,then they were recommended to specialist examinations for accurate diagnosis. Allergen skin tests were peformed to explore the allergenic varieties of allergic rhinitis. Diagnosis criteria of AR were that of ARIA(Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma). Resuit:Two thousand two hundred and eleven questionnaires were returned. The response rate was 96.1% and 2205 questionnaires were available.The prevalence rate of AR in children aged from 9 to 10 was 12.56%(277/2205) in Shihezi city.The difference of prevalence between female 13.76%(153/1112) and male 11.34%(124/1093) was insignificant statistically(χ~2=2.924,P＞0.05). The positive rate of the allergen skin test was 65.3%. The most common allergen of allergic rhinitis were plants of the mugwort and house dust mite. According to the ciassification criteria of ARIA in 2001,of 155 children suffered from intermittent AR,112 cases were mild and 43 cases were moderate-severe,while 122 suffered from persistent AR,110 cases were mild and 12 cases were moderatesevere. 5.4%(15/277) patients with AR also had bronchial asthma.25.3%(70/277) of the children with AR had inherent predisposition.Conclusion:The prevalence rate of AR in children aged from 9 to 10 in Shihezi city is 12.56%. Strategy of prevention and treatment of AR can be worked out according to the epidemical feature of AR.

Objective To explore the correlation between the depression status of patients with post-stroke depression(PSD) and nerve function defect.Methods 75 patients in the first 24h of acute stroke onset were selected.According to the Zung depression self rating scale(SDS),75 cases were divided into simple stroke patients group and PSD group,and the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Scandinavian nerve function defect rating scale (SSS) were used for further evaluation.The score results were statistically analyzed.Results Of 75 cases with acute stroke,32 cases(42.7％) were diagnosed PSD.Admission day 2,at the end of 1,2 and 3 weeks,the HAMD scores between PSD patients and simple acute stroke group had statistically significant differences (all P ＜ 0.01).The HAMD scores of three groups of PSD patients (light,medium,heavy) appeared obvious changes with the prolonged time,which were significantly higher than the simple stroke group.The SSS score of simple stroke group and mild PSD patients increased with prolonged observation time,the difference between the two groups was significant (q =9.75,P ＜ 0.05).The SSS score of moderate and severe PSD patients decreased with prolonged observation time,compared with the simple stroke group,the differences were statistically significant(q =50.23,46.82,all P ＜ 0.05).In simple stroke patients and mild PSD patients,HAMD scores and SSS score had no correlation (r =0.062,P ＞ 0.05).In moderate and severe PSD patients,HAMD score and SSS score had correlation (r =4.682,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of PSD in acute brain stroke patients was 42.7％,and in patients with moderate and severe PSD,HAMD scores correlated with the degree of nerve function defect.Early intervention on depression treatment and promote the recovery of neural function is also important.

The emergence of drug resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome is the major reason for antiviral treatments failure.To investigate the drug-resistance viral quasispecies in HIV-infected individuals and to find out the new drug resistance mutations have significant effects on directing effective clinical treatment and developing novel antiviral drugs.HIV drug resistance tests mainly include genotypic drug susceptibility assay and phenotypic drug susceptibility assay.We reviewed in this article some novel development in the field.